Iintambo Network ye computer: uhlobo lonxibelelwano

Ezihamba ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izibonelelo zothungelwano computer, ziyafumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi esiXhoseni. Phakathi kakhulu ethandwa - ulale, isibini ejijekileyo kunye nefayibha optical. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha nganye kuzo? Ziziphi iimpawu fakelo ixhaphakileyo - pair ezijijekileyo?

Iintlobo Pregnancy: yafakwa

Phakathi kakhulu ngokwembali ekuqaleni iintlobo kweentambo ezisetyenziswa womnatha - ezinjalo. Ukutyeba ngayo kalukhuni, ekwafanekisa le intambo ekusileleni ikhompyutha, yenzelwe ukusebenza kwezisekelo 220 V.

Ubume ubume yafakwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: embindini - umqhubi ebuntsimbi zigutyungelwe kulo elingqingqwa yokugquma rhoqo zeplastikhi,. On top of it - a qhina sobhedu okanye aluminiyam. zangaphandle - zokwambathisa jacket.

A aso olu hlobo LAN cable olululo ngokuthi:

- BNC-isinxibelelanisi;

- BNC-terminator;

- BNC-T-isinxibelelanisi;

- BNC-isinxibelelanisi Burrell.

Cinga iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

BNC-isinxibelelanisi ibandakanya ukubekwa kwi intambo kosuku ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene a izihlanganisi Burrell--shirt. BNC-terminator kusetyenziswa ubushushu asisithintelo intshukumo intambo umqondiso. ukusebenza oluchanekileyo network ngaphandle lwesi sakhi, kwezinye iimeko akunakwenzeka. Idibanisa nge network uhlobo cable ezinjalo iquka ukusetyenziswa terminators ezimbini, enye yazo kufuneka nozinzo. BNC-T-isinxibelelanisi eganelwe ukudibanisa PC ukuya omkhulu. Kubume bayo, kukho Azisekho ezintathu. Le isinxibelelanisi lokuqala liqhagamshelene ikhadi womnatha computer nge kwezinye emancamini omabini ukuxhumeka kuntlahlahlungulu ezahlukeneyo. Olunye uhlobo isinxibelelanisi ngokubuka yafakwa - BNC-nemigqomo. Isetyenziswa ukudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo umgca, okanye ukunyusa embindini le kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha.

Phakathi iimpawu luncedo izakhiwo ezinjalo - akukho iingxaki ngesisombululo umbuzo ukudibanisa indlela iintambo ezimbini network le hlobo. Yanele ukuba kuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano enokuthenjwa iingcingo Umqhubi, Kakade ke, kuxhomekeke kujongano nobuchwepheshe bohlukaniswe kunye screen gridi. Nangona kunjalo, le ntambo yafakwa kakhulu sensitive kuphazamiseko electromagnetic. Ngoko ke, kulo mkhuba yokwakha uthungelwano lwekhompyutha, ngoku kusetyenziswa kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Nakuba kunjalo, kuyinto ebalulekileyo ngokwemiqathango yezibonelelo umbutho ukuze ekudluliseni isiginali kamabonakude - evela neengcedevu okanye ababoneleli intambo.

pair ezijijekileyo

Kakhulu mhlawumbi eqhelekileyo namhlanje iintambo womnatha yekhompyutha zibizwa ngokuba "isibini ezijijekileyo". Kutheni lo gama? Isibakala sokuba ubume Intambo olu hlobo phambi izinikezeli pairwise. Bona ezenziwe ngobhedu. uhlobo Intambo Standard phantsi ingqalelo iqulathe 8 umphakathi (of, ngokwenjenjalo, ngababini 4), kodwa kukho iisampulu kunye ababhexeshi ezine. Babizwa ngokuba pinouts womnatha Intambo olu hlobo (kungqinelwano of umcu ngamnye umsebenzi othile) lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa Ukuqhela umbala ethile Umqhubi ngamnye.

ubushushu yangaphandle kwisibini ephinyaphinyelayo eyenziwe PVC, eqinisekisa kwanele ayikhusele izinto conductive ukusuka ukuphazamiseka electromagnetic. Yiba ezihamba wasikhusela kule hlobo - FTP ne STP. Kule owenza nimlahle umsebenzi ngefoyile ye efanelekileyo ibekwe phezu babehlala zonke, kwi yesibini - ngamnye izinikezeli. Kukho loyamano kwisibini unshielded ephothiweyo - UTP. Njengomgaqo, iintambo abizayo nge alumuniyam eliqinileyo. Kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela xa kukho imfuneko ukugqithisa ulwazi olugciniweyo olukumgangatho ophezulu kumgama othe enkulu kakhulu. Ekhaya networking khetho kakuhle isibini unshielded, ephothiweyo.

Iiklasi abaliqela hluke engqinelanayo izakhiwo uhlobo, ngamnye kubo ubizwa ngokuba CAT kunye inani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-7 Eli eliphezulu inani ehambelana, izinto ngcono ukubonelela ukudluliselwa uphawu. iintambo inethiwekhi Modern kwi khompyutha yakho ukuze babelane data nge Ethernet uthungelwano ekhaya bacebisa izinto ezifanayo eklasini CAT5. Xa iikhompawundi apho isebenze izihlanganisi isibini ezijijekileyo asetyenziswa, nto leyo eza zihlelwe kakuhle njengoko 8P8C, kodwa kukho kwakhona igama ongekho kubo - RJ-45. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iintambo ehambelana ubuncinane CAT5 kwibanga kunye CAT6, usenokulosulela data ngesantya kufutshane eliphezulu le hlobo izakhiwo - ukuya ku-1 Gbit / s.

ifayibha optical

Mhlawumbi iintambo network computer kakhulu mihla ngok - Ifayibha. Kubume, izinto ezikhoyo isikhokelo ukukhanya ngeglasi ukuba akhuselwe xa usambathisa iplastiki eqinileyo. Phakathi izibonelelo ezingundoqo iintambo network data kwi khompyutha yakho - okukwazi eliphezulu kuphazamiseko. Kwakhona ngokusebenzisa ifayibha angathumela data kumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-100. A aso olu hlobo kunye izixhobo intambo na kwenziwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izihlanganisi. Phakathi kwezona mpawu - SC, FC, F-3000.

oku hi-tech womnatha intambo ye computer njani? Photo fibre optic Uyilo ngezantsi.

Ngobunzulu ngokoqobo ifayibha anqongophele ngenxa ixabiso eliphezulu izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukugqithisa data therethrough. Noko ke, kutshanje, ababoneleli ezininzi Russian ngenkuthalo usebenzisa uthungelwano intambo ye Internet. Indlela yokufumana IT-iingcali, kunye kulindeleke ukuba utyalo-mali baya kuhlawula off kwixesha elizayo.

Evolution of lwezibonelelo intambo

Xa iintlobo ezintathu kweentambo singakwazi ukulandelela kwemvelo kwi inkalo yokwakha izibonelelo kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni xa ekudluliseleni data nge isakhiwo yafakwa standard Ethernet ebandakanyeke. Kulo mda komgama iza kuthunyelwa isiginali ukusuka isixhobo omnye komnye, akazange ngaphezu kweemitha 500. Ubuninzi Izinga data ye intambo yafakwa yayimalunga 10 Mbit / umzuzwana. Ukusebenzisa pair ezijijekileyo, ukuphucula kakhulu nemiba lothungelwano computer lwefayile-yokwabelana - ukuya ku-1 Gbit / s. Kwakhona ithuba ukuze adlulisele data kwindlela ngokupheleleyo-kabini (isixhobo omnye zombini ukufumana imiqondiso siwathume). Nokufika fibre optic IT-mveliso afumene ithuba lokuba ukudlulisela iifayile ngesantya ka 30-40 Gb / s okanye ngaphezulu. Kakhulu enkosi oku, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha ukuqhagamshela amazwe kunye amazwekazi ngempumelelo.

Kakade ke, ezinye iintlobo ezininzi kweentambo ezisetyenziswa ufakelo lothungelwano computer zisetyenziswa xa usebenza nge-PC. Ngethiyori, ngeenjongo ezinjalo ingasetyenziswa, umzekelo, kwi-USB-USB, nangona oko akuyi kuba kakuhle kakhulu, ingakumbi ngenxa yesibakala sokuba ngaphakathi USB data umgangatho zinokusasazwa kwi umgama omfutshane - malunga 20 eemitha.

Indlela ukudibanisa kwisibini ephinyaphinyelayo

sibini, ephothiweyo, njengoko sibonile ngentla - namhlanje obanzi kunayo ekwakheni uhlobo cable kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo layo luphawulwa ezinye bokuqonda. Ingakumbi, zibonisa iinkalo inethiwekhi yentambo pinout, leyo sesitshilo ngasentla. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba wadibana njani ngemithambo kummandla lokudibana kunye RJ-45 isinxibelelanisi. Le nenkqubo enokuthi ihambe ngayo isibini ephinyaphinyelayo idibanisa kunye element ahambelanayo, ebizwa crimp, ukususela ngexesha ukuphunyezwa kwayo abasetyenziswa isixhobo esisodwa, ebandakanya amandla kubume.

bokuqonda crimping

Ngexesha lale nkqubo, i izihlanganisi agcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo busisigxina eziphelweni sibini, ephothiweyo. Inani nabo kuzo liyangqinelana nenani yokuphila - kuzo zombini ezi meko, ezi zinto iziqwenga 8. Kukho amacebo amaninzi phantsi apho kungenziwa crimp isibini ezijijekileyo.

Emva koko, siza kuqwalasela ingakumbi ahambelanayo. Kodwa kuqala, umntu owenza umsebenzi kunye intambo, kufuneka uthathe izihlanganisi tye ngesandla. Kufuneka zibanjwe ukuze abafowunelwa yesinyithi ezibekwe ngaphezulu.

Kwasika esiswini seplastiki kufuneka ibhekiswe umntu owenza crimping. Baseleyo kulo mzekelo iya kuba zoqhagamshelwano 1st kwi ekunene - 8. Ababaliweyo - ezincinane ebaluleke kakhulu kunye ababini, ephothiweyo. Ngoko ke yintoni schemes crimping zisetyenziswa izibonelelo network?

Okokuqala, kukho iskim intambo womnatha, ebizwa i-EIA / TIA-568A. Oku kubandakanya indawo yegazi correlative nabo metal isinxibelelanisi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- kuba umfowunelwa 1: emhlophe-eluhlaza;

- ukuya 2: eluhlaza;

- kuba lesithathu: ezimhlophe naorenji;

- th 4: eluhlaza;

- th 5: ezimhlophe eluhlaza;

- 6 th: orange;

- kuba 7: omhlophe nomdaka;

- 8 th: brown.

Kukho elinye icebo - EIA / TIA-568B. Oku kubandakanya indawo yegazi ngendlela zilandelayo:

- kuba umfowunelwa 1: ezimhlophe-orange;

- ukuya 2:-orenji;

- kuba lesithathu: emhlophe-eluhlaza;

- th 4: eluhlaza;

- th 5: ezimhlophe eluhlaza;

- 6 th: eluhlaza;

- kuba 7: omhlophe nomdaka;

- 8 th: brown.

Indlela qhagamshela intambo amandla isinxibelelanisi, ngoku uyazi. Kodwa ke kuluncedo ukuba ukuhlolisisa nkcukacha malunga amacebo ezahlukeneyo connection ka isibini ezijijekileyo ukuze izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Crimp uhlobo lonxibelelwano kunye

Umzekelo, xa umntu PC ukuya umzila okanye utshintsho kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela uqhagamshelo ngqo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko lokuhlela utshintshiselwano iifayile phakathi kwee computer ezimbini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i zendlela, ungasebenzisa indlela cross-intanethi. Umahluko phakathi izikim ezincinane amakishiweyo. Xa indlela ngqo uqhagamshelwano ngentambo kufuneka crimped kwi isabelo PIN efanayo. Kwenye Ekupheleni umnqamlezo - 568A lodweliso, omnye - phezu 568B.

I eliphezulu-zobugcisa uqoqosho

pair ezijijekileyo luphawulwa inkalo umdla. Xa kungekho wesekethe ngqo izibini 4 ababhexeshi zingasetyenziswa isixhobo yokudibanisa, 2. Oko kukuthi, usebenzisa intambo omnye kuvumelekile ukuba connect with womnatha yekhompyutha 2 ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yoko lula ukonga intambo okanye enze uqhagamshelwano ukuba ngokwenene ekufuneka yenziwe, kwaye iimitha ezisebenzisekayo extra ye sibini ephothiweyo ayikho. Noko ke, kule meko exchange data ngesantya umda ayikho 1 Gbit / umzuzwana, namaxesha 10 ngaphantsi. Kodwa umbutho kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya kwamkelekile kwiimeko ezininzi.

Kulo mzekelo bahambise emithanjeni? Correlative kunye abafowunelwa kwi izihlanganisi loqhakamshelwano ikhompyutha lokuqala :

- 1 qhagamshelana: ezimhlophe naorenji emthanjeni;

- 2: orange;

- 3rd: emhlophe-eluhlaza;

- 6: oluhlaza.

Oko kukuthi, 4, 5, 7 no-8 iingcingo azisetyenziswa kule nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, phezu izihlanganisi ukudibanisa yesibini kwikhompyutha:

- 1 qhagamshelana: umthambo omhlophe nomdaka;

- 2: brown;

- 3: ezimhlophe eluhlaza;

- 6: oluhlaza.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuphunyezwa wesekethe cross-kuxhulumano basoloko besebenzisa zonke abaqhubi 8 pair ezijijekileyo. Kwakhona, ukuba umsebenzisi kufuneka ukuphumeza ugqithiso lwedata phakathi izixhobo kwi ngesantya 1 Gbit / umzuzwana, pinout ukuba yenziwe scheme okhethekileyo. Cinga iimpawu zayo.

Cross Connect gigabit

Isiphelo lokuqala intambo ukuba crimped ngokungqinelana 568B wesekethe. Eyesibini iquka uthelekiso ilandelayo umphakathi kunye abafowunelwa kwi isinxibelelanisi:

- 1 qhagamshelana: ephilileyo emhlophe, eluhlaza;

- 2: eluhlaza;

- 3: ezimhlophe naorenji;

- 4: omhlophe nomdaka;

- 5: brown;

- 6: orange;

- 7: eluhlaza;

- 8: omhlophe noluhlaza.

Esi sikimu iyafana ukuya 568A, kodwa itshintshe ukuma ngababini wire eluhlaza brown.

Ukuthobela imithetho umbala ephawulwe ukuhlanganisa babehlala kunye nabafowunelwa kwi Isidibanisi 8P8C - eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza yothungelwano lwezakhiwo. Umntu Uyilo kuyimfuneko ukuba alumke xa ufaka izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba khompyutha akaboni intambo kwinethiwekhi - it unxulunyaniswa nje ayilunganga crimp isibini ezijijekileyo.

Indlela crimp intambo

Cinga ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa. isixhobo Main, nto leyo kule meko libandakanyeka, - Crimper. Iyafana namakhalane, kodwa naphaya ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kunye iintambo ikhompyutha zohlobo efanelekileyo.

design Crimper busenza ukuba a iincakuba ezizodwa yenzelwe ukusika isakhiwo. Crimper maxa wambi mayixhotyiswe isixhobo encinane bavune yokugquma isibini ejijekileyo. Xa ngundoqo sixhobo - slot ekhethekileyo malilungiselelwe Ebubanzini lwesakhiwo intambo.

algorithm Optimal ukuba izenzo zabantu, elinganisela sibini ezijijekileyo ukuze ngolu hlobo.

• Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba Wayixakaxa icandelo Intambo ubude efanelekileyo - ukuba imilinganiselo yawo ngqo efunekayo, ngaloo ndlela.
• Emva koko, susa ezisongwayo engaphandle - malunga ne-3 icandelo cm ekupheleni intambo. Eyona nto iphambili kule - musa ngengozi umonakalo umphakathi intambo.
• Emva koko kufuneka babeke kwiingcingo kunye imizobo uxhulumaniso correlative kuxoxwe ngasentla ukuya isinxibelelanisi. Emva ezibukhali cut-off, kangangokuba ubude nganye kuzo mm malunga 12 ngaphaya umphandle wayo usambathisa.
• Okulandelayo kufuneka ubeke isinxibelelanisi kwi intambo kangangokuba ngcingo ezibe ukuze elivumelana mzobo iintambo, weza ngamnye kubo kwijelo elifunekayo. Kufuneka ukuhambisa ezingundoqo de de uxhathiso ziviwa yeplastiki udonga iplagi.
• Emva kokuba indawo efanelekileyo phakathi isinxibelelanisi wayehlala PVC esingxotyeni kufuneka ibekwe ngaphakathi izindlu isinxibelelanisi. Ukuba wenza njalo ayikasebenzi, kusenokufuneka ekutsaleni kwimingxilo kwaye ngok kancinane kubo.

Xa zonke izinto zokwakha abekwe ngokuchanekileyo, yinto enokwenzeka crimp intambo, ufaka le isinxibelelanisi ibe kwisokethi olukhethekileyo Crimper kwaye ngobunono ukutyhala kumqheba zesixhobo ukuba ayeke.