Medici ubukhosi: umthi yosapho, imbali, imfihlelo Dynasty, abameli adumileyo Medici ubukhosi

I Medici ubukhosi odumileyo amaninzi unxulunyaniswa Italian le Renaissance. Ndiphuma kwintsapho esifumileyo walawula uFlorence ixesha elide waza wayenza yaba yenkcubeko yenzululwazi iziko of Europe.

Origin ubukhosi

Kukho imibono eziliqela malunga ngemvelaphi kuzenza. Inyange zibangelwa ubudlelwane Medici ugqirha eqhelekileyo ezidolophini Karla Velikogo - ngunozala uBukhosi amakhosi. Usapho ngokwalo sinoluvo lokuba iingcambu zawo babuyele omnye Knights, ababekhonza kwinkundla soMhlekazi.

Ngenkulungwane XII, intsapho Medici wafudukela Florence. Amalungu entsapho Sizibandakanye adle abanye ngayo, yaye ngokukhawuleza waqalisa nampumelelo. kungekudala kubalondolozi Rich wangena kwabasebenzi nolawulo lwabax- esixekweni baza mababe kwizikhundla yokukhetha Florence. Yaba usapho kunye namahla ndinyuka. Kwinkulungwane XII oonobhanki bazama ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi yezopolitiko umzi, ukuxhasa omnye amaqela asekuhlaleni. Impixano ephambili e Florence koko walala phakathi wabanumzana kwezityebi namahlwempu. Salvestra Medici inkxaso tramps, ngubani waququzelela imvukelo nxamnye basebukhosini. Xa bagxothiwe, le mali oya wagxothwa esixekweni.

Elubhacweni, ubukhosi Medici akazange ahlale ixesha elide, kodwa ngeli xesha eye waphumelela ephawulekayo kunenzala. amasebe yebhanki yokuqala eVenice neRoma zavuleka.

nokuphakanyiswa

Intloko yokuqala sale republic entsatsheni Medici waba Cosimo Old. Wenza le sikhundla ukusuka 1434 ngo-1464. Wakwazi ukuza ngamandla, besebenzisa imali yabo, impembelelo nokunganeliseki kwabantu ngurhulumente wangaphambili, leyo wazisa irhafu ezigqithisileyo kunye isuti imfazwe engenamsebenzi. It Cosimo yaba ngunozala isithethe ukumxhasa ubugcisa kunye nezinye iindawo Renaissance.

Medici ubukhosi imali ngempumelelo. Inyaniso yokuba kwinkulungwane XV Italy yaba liziko kwinkcubeko nobugcisa eYurophu. Wawubaleka kakhulu yamaGrike abaye bahlala ngaphandle kwilizwe emva kokuba kuthinjwe kweConstantinople yi baseTurkey ngo-1453. Abaninzi kubo kwaziswa Italy (kubandakanywa Florence) iincwadi ezizodwa kunye neentetho amalungiselelo, bengazi ukuba abeLungu. Oku ingqondo umdla kwimbali yamandulo. Ukusuka kuyo, isikolo siphela zobuntu. Onke la zisekelwa kwaye zafaka Medici Minor. Imbali wahlala nombulelo kuye, nangona oliqhophololo ezininzi zezopolitiko, na eqhelekileyo ngelo xesha.

Lorenzo Zobungangamela

Kwanasemva kokufa Cosimo e Florence waqhubeka ukuba silawule Medici Minor. Lorenzo Zobungangamela (umzukulwana wakhe) yaba lilungu idumileyo lentsapho. Wazalwa ngo-1448 waza waba yintloko kwiRiphabliki 1469-m.

Ngelo xesha, e Florence kwakukho iyelenqe, umphumo elo emlonyeni Medici ubukhosi. Tree Family kungekudala Ndisuke, kodwa Lorenzo uyayihlaza izicwangciso iintshaba. Wade waxhasa uPopu Sixtus IV. Kodwa oku akuzange ukugcina umzalwana wakhe Lorentso Dzhuliano, owabulawa nabavukeli.

ngoko Florence wathi imfazwe izilawuli eziliqela eselumelwaneni, ezithe zaxhaswa yi itrone baseRoma. Lorenzo wakwazi ukuxhathisa ngempumelelo womanyano. Ukongeza, wafumana njengehlakani kwi umntu yokumkani French. Oku kukoyika laseRoma, akazange afune ukulwa Paris, kwaye ungquzulwano umqhubi.

Florence - Centre Renaissance

Medici ubukhosi kunye nempembelelo yazo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko Italian ngeli xesha zifike incopho. Lorenzo iye ngemali amaziko amaninzi emfundo. Omnye wabo Academy edume Careggi, nto leyo eye yaba liziko pan-yaseYurophu kwesikolo esitsha ka Neo-zikaPlato. Sale iyadi baqesha buchopho ezinjalo ezobugcisa re Botticelli kunye uMichelangelo. Kwakhona Lorenzo waba Connoisseur iincwadi. Waqokelela wawenza zethala yakhe, nto leyo eye yaba nomtsalane kubakhenkethi. INtloko kwiriphabliki wafa ngo-1492. ubomi bakhe obuqaqambileyo waqinisa namarhe malunga usapho Medici. amahlebo ubukhosi ehleba nemincili kunye nabathandi yemibono yelenqe.

Isimo le Renaissance Lorenzo kungekudala sinabele kwiidolophu ezikufuphi. Kanye ngesantya esilinganayo baqalisa ukuhlala e Venice, eRome, iNaples kunye eMilan. Renaissance wafana zebhola lidala, ngaloo ndlela ukwamkela igama layo.

Koopopu kunye iNkosana Tuscany

Abameli kakhulu adumileyo Medici ubukhosi kwaba kuphela abalawuli Florence, kodwa oopopu. Ngowe-1513 bona wabonakala PERO Medichi, owazeka igama ULeo X kunye wahlala phezu kwetrone de 1521. Nangona ababingeleli abazange ukubandakanyeka kwimicimbi yehlabathi, wayezixhasa izilangazelelo intsapho yakhe Florence.

ibhodi Ngokufanayo kudlule Clement VII (1523-1534). Kwihlabathi igama lakhe Dzhulio Medichi. Phantsi usapho lwakhe kwakhona bagxothwa uFlorence. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni eli Pope wenza umfelandawonye woMlawuli of the Holy uBukhosi baseRoma uCharles V of Habsburg, "ezikuphefumla zizilawuli ilanga ze". Coalition woyisa utshaba, kwaye Medici wabuyela Florence. Ngaphezu koko, bafumana isihloko iNkosana Tuscany.

Abalawuli Florence eli xesha waqhubeka kangcono ubugcisa. Xa Cosimo I (1537-1574) yakhiwa edumileyo igalari Uffizi. Namhlanje, etsala izigidi iindwendwe Florence. Igcina yobuciko ezininzi ukupeyinta, umzekelo, edume uLeonardo da Vinci ( "Annunciation" yaye "nobusuku").

Queen of France

abalawuli abanamandla of Florence ingqalelo imitshato dynastic. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi ababini kule hlobo lokuba amaqabane lookumkani baseFransi. Yaba umkakhe Catherine Henry II (1547-1559) kunye nomfazi Marie Henri IV (1600-1610). Eyokuqala kubo noba ibamba kunye ngokubanzi waba nempembelelo enkulu kwezopolitiko. Catherine yaziwa ukuba izigidi abalandeli italente Aleksandra Dyumy, iinoveli ogama yena umlinganiswa ophambili. Kwakhona wenza imbali emva kokuba igazi kubulawa St. Bartholomew kwaza kwabulawa le Huguenot amaqashiso.

Le ubukhosi French of Ekateriny Medichi ukuba anciphise abantwana bakhe ababini - uCharles IX kunye Henry III. Ngokutsho uyise, babekhonza Valois. Emva ukuba amandla ngo-1589 kwafika Bourbons. Noko ke, kunzima Sisenokungayiqondi ifuthe lonke Europe uye walungiselela usapho Medici. Ohlanga waba ngumfuziselo Renaissance nazo zonke iziganeko zalo inemibala kwaye impikiswano.

Kuwa Florence

Nangona iimpembelelo kwamanye amazwe, kwingingqi engundoqo umdla bekusoloko i Medici Florence - main igama labo domain kunye ngowaphi. Ukuncipha duchy Tuscan yaqala kwi Cosimo II (1609-1621). Kokuchitha eninzi imali kwi iimfazwe iingxabano kunye nabamelwane. Duke wayehluke izicwangciso wempambano ezoyisa iintshaba zakhe, kuquka isithsaba Spanish. Kwangaxeshanye, yena wayesaziwa ngokuba ngenkxaso yakhe UGalileo, oluqhubeka isithethe Lorenzo Zobungangamela.

Phantsi unyana wakhe uFerdinand II (1621-1670) kwakukho ipani-yaseYurophu Years War phakathi amaKatolika namaProtestanti. Ngeli xesha, ndaqhubeka ukuhla kwe Florence, nto leyo akusekho ixhomekeke Medici. Ukufunyanwa of America kunye nezinye iimarike bethembisa wenze Italy lilizwe yephondo, kunokuba iziko kwezoqoqosho Europe. enabela eSpeyin, eNgilani kunye namanye amagunya colonial.

Isiphelo ubukhosi

Ngelo xesha kunqunyulwa ubukhosi elifutshane yena Medici. ummeli yayo yokugqibela Giovanni Gastaut (ilawulwa 1723-1737 gg.) Ngaba onesifo mntwana. Emva kokufa kwakhe Duchy of Tuscany wegqitha waya uMlawuli waseRoma oyiNgcwele uFrancis I uStefano, ngubani e Florence waqalisa ukuba owawunesihloko Francesco II. Ngoko ke isixeko Medici ixesha elide iye wadlulela Habsburgs.