History of the umatshini wokuthunga. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga oomatshini bokuthunga

Umxholo wale nqaku - ibali umatshini wokuthunga. Sithetha xa umatshini yokuqala, yaye ngaye ukudalile oko. Khawucinge ngebali edume kakhulu ekuveliseni bale nkampani - "Singer". Kwaye ukuzama ukufumanisa xa oomatshini yokuqala zokuthunga eRashiya.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Imbali umatshini wokuthunga beqala kanye nje xa ukhokho wethu ezikude kuqala Ndathatha inaliti ithambo. Qaphela ukuba esi sixhobo koko ndabona ngakumbi ngathi ke inyatyhowa, kunokuba inaliti. Kamva wenza i hook ngenxa zomsonto ze ngokusebenzisa imingxuma egqojozwe laphu. Ke kaloku emveni koko inaliti kunye ibhanti. Kwaye umngxuma kuba vulu lwenziwa kanye ezantsi inaliti njengoko koomatshini mihla.

Noko ke, ezinye uhlobo umatshini wokuthunga nje kwavela ngenkulungwane ye-14 e-Holland. Ngeli xesha, ngokwenza oomasifundisane nikunqena bebexhotyiswa kuqala kunye oomatshini ezinamavili, leyo usile imizobo ngelaphu elide. De thina, ngelishwa, asifikeleli igama Umsunguli le yoyilo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba ezi zakhiwo yayimikhulu kakhulu kwaye kuthatha indawo enkulu. umatshini Dutch kakhulu ngathi yokuthunga mihla.

Le projekthi lokuqala

Hayi ngaphandle inxaxheba kwimbali uLeonardo da Vinci ngayo umatshini wokuthunga. Grade 5 ( "Ubugcisa" - njengenxalenye yesifundo ithathwa nesihloko), ngokufunda imbali, ngokutsho ikharityhulam entsha, kwaye liquka ukudalwa zombane. Kule nkalo, abantwana baya kuba nomdla ukwazi ukuba idrafti yokuqala umatshini wokuthunga ezinikezelwa yi uLeonardo da Vinci kwi ngenkulungwane ye-15. Noko ke, ingcamango sisazinzulu enkulu kwaye iye yaphunyezwa.

Kwaba kuphela ngo-1755 Carl Veyzental akwazi ukufumana igunya kokusungulwa umatshini wokuthunga ukuba lwenziwe le yaseZimbabwe ezenziwe ngesandla. Ngowe-1790 St. Thomas udale umatshini esenzelwe izihlangu zokuthunga. Wadala ke imodeli yaso umatshini wokuthunga B. Timon. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela azikhange kusasazwe.

Kwaba kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-1845 Ellias Hou wasungula umatshini ukuba efanelekileyo ngokwenene ukuze ukuthunga, nangona, yaye inani kuneengxaki.

Imbonakalo-mveliso yokuqala ingubo

Ukuqhubeka nembali umatshini wokuthunga. Grade 5, waqhelana ngokufutshane le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, mhlawumbi unomdla kwinto yokuba umatshini wokuthunga yokuqala, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi efanayo mihla, wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-18.

Zonke wayila ikhankanywe ngasentla, kuphela ukuthunga manual kwakhona kwaye bethunga umsonto omnye kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, eli laphu elo ukuba kwindawo tye, kwaye suture kulula noko ukunyibilika. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele Barthélemy Thimonnier ngo-1830 yaba ngunozala le mveliso wokuthunga yokuqala nokuhambisa, oko baxhotyiswa ngala ndlela abangafezekanga yokuqala.

History of the machine Singer wokuthunga

Yonke le nto yaqala kwi kumasifundisane encinane ngokukodwa kule nolungiso oomatshini bokuthunga. Apha wasebenza uIsake Singer, noziqulathe-ngokwakhe wafundisa engineer. Ngenye imini, xa kwakufuneka walungisa elinye icandelo sinesiphene, wathi inkosi yakhe ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba beze ne into engcono kunokuba rhoqo eze phones Asinakusebenziseka. Umnini anizange nimkholelwe. Ke Singer wathabatha $ 40 ukusuka umhlobo wakha umatshini wokuthunga entsha. Emsebenzini kwathabatha kanye 11 iintsuku.

Esi sixhobo likuvumela ukuba wenze beentanda nje ngqo, kwaye yintoni oyifunayo. Kulo mzekelo, eli laphu wanamathela usule i "paw" ekhethekileyo, yaye lo mshini sisebenzisa namafutha unyawo lula ukuba akhulule dressmaker izandla bavunyelwe ukuqhuba nokukhokela eli laphu. Noko ke, Singer akazange ayeke apho, nokuqhubeka ukuphucula wakhe wokusungula.

Singer yokumaketha

Sinokuthi ke Singer iqala imbali yokwenene umatshini wokuthunga. Ngokufutshane malunga ekuhlengahlengiseni lo mntu, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya into yokuba wayenetyala impumelelo yakhe ababeqondisa kuphela izakhono, kodwa izigqibo zabo zentengiso. Umzekelo, Singer ngokukhawuleza waqonda ukuba amabhinqa abathengi bemveliso yayo engundoqo - amabhinqa. Iimagazini akakho, kodwa zonke besini entle emisiweyo ukuya ecaweni. Ke Singer wazabela iincwadana koomatshini zabo kunye zonqulo.

History of the umatshini wokuthunga, ukongezelela zonke ngasentla, sele iquka enye into emangalisayo. Loo Singer lokuthunga umatshini umenzi yokuqala, apho wagqiba kwelokuba athengise ngokwahlukileyo iiyunithi nanceba iinxalenye ukulungiswa. Ukongeza, esi siganeko ekunokuthiwa umzekelo wokuqala kwimbali "emva-intengiso" inkonzo.

ubudala 19-20

Ngeli xesha imbali umatshini wokuthunga, unokuthi, ifikelela incopho yayo. Isibakala ukuba kwi-19 kwaye kulo lonke oomatshini bokuthunga kwinkulungwane yama-20 baye baba kakhulu zithandwa. Bona ukuthenga nokuthengisa yale mithi.

Kukho zonke iinkampani ezintsha entsha nemveliso zezi yunithi, umzekelo: Verits, Pfaff, Kaizer kunye nabanye. Noko ke, inkampani "Singer" yinkokeli kwihlabathi kwiintengiso koomatshini.

Russia

Kwaye oko kuquka ukuvela kwi kwimbali kwimarike Russian kumatshini wokuthunga. Grade 5, abafundi kuqala nje ukuba simazi imbali, kufuneka bazi ukuba xa kwaqalisa iimoto yokuqala ukuvela kwilizwe lethu.

Kuba ngqa ngo-1866, kukho efektri ukuvelisa oomatshini bokuthunga yavulwa eRashiya. Umsunguli balo uRobert Goetz, kwaye ibekwe eSt Petersburg. Kamva lo imveliso eyandisiweyo Leon Kasteleyon, ngokulungelanisa imeko imveliso iintlobo ezahlukeneyo koomatshini.

Ngexesha le minyaka, oomatshini bokuthunga zibe kakhulu zithandwa - ziyashukuxwa ezona zipho zibalaseleyo kunye njengekhazi lazo.

"Singer" in Russian

Hayi ngaphandle inkampani "Singer" kunye nembali Russian ngayo umatshini wokuthunga. iklasi 5 kumelwe nakanjani babe nomdla lwazi.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1902, oko yasekwa ngo Podolsk mveliso koomatshini zingerovskih. Hi ndlela leyi, esebenza unanamhla. Ekuqaleni, le nkampani iqeshe iivenkile ezininzi ezincinane, umatshini indibano. Kamva, Noko ke, loo mveliso liye landiswa, kangangokuba waba ofisi 65 kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe. Ngelo xesha elinye i "Singer", kuqala kusebenzisana Imperial weNkundla, yaye kamva abasemagunyeni eSoviet.

anika umdla

Ngokwayo imbali umdla kakhulu umatshini wokuthunga. Xelela abantwana, Noko ke, kubhetele ukuba izibakala umdla ezinxulumene nayo. Mamela imbali elide kuya kuba nzima, kodwa wakhumbula kubo iziganeko ezimbalwa zembali oqaqambileyo kakuhle.

Kufuneka uqale iinyaniso ezimbalwa ezibangel 'umdla inkampani "Singer" kunye nemveliso yaso. Ngenxa yoko, iimoto yokuqala yale brand imali eninzi kakhulu - $ 125. Ngaloo mihla lwabiwo yosapho oqhelekileyo yaseMelika kweenyanga ezi-3. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ezuzwe ngubo amabhinqa angatshatanga okanye abahlolokazi, ingeniso ogama ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ke Singer wathabatha, usenokuba uthi, isigqibo sibi: ukuthengisa imoto ngezavenge. Eli nyathelo ukwanda yokuthengisa iikopi 1,000 ngonyaka. Yaye 1875, ukujika inkampani akhe asuka amaxesha kangangoko 200. Le kwesidingo iye yanceda ukunciphisa iindleko iimoto nge-200 ukuya $ 10.

History of the umatshini wokuthunga osisityebi kwenye zibakala umdla enxulumene inkampani "Singer". Akanalo ulwalamano ngqo umatshini wokuthunga, kodwa ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya. Ngowe-1908, i-corporation sizakhele Isakhiwo esibe wokuqala New York egcwele iphepha - it imigangatho 47. Kubekwa simangaliswe ebanzi House 149.

Ngemihla Mao Zedong e China sele besithi luphawulwa-ntle yentsapho: ". Omnye ethetha, ukusontwa ezintathu" Oku kuthetha ukuba intsapho kukho iwotshi, umatshini wokuthunga, unomathotholo kunye ibhayisekile.

Ukususela 1990, kowama-2000 yi rumor ukuba ezinye isahlulo oomatshini bokuthunga omdala zenziwa zesinyithi axabisekileyo, umz, palladium kunye platinum. Oku kucacisa yimbonakalo abathengi abaninzi lwepaki. Ngowe-2001, ngenxa yokuba le ntsomi kwabakho ulwaphulo - elivisayo babulala umhlala kwaye baphume kwigumbi umatshini bakhe wokuthunga endala. Kakade ke, iinkcukacha amatye anqabileyo abe akukho ngokunxulumene inyaniso.

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, namhlanje ifundwa kwimbali lwesikolo umatshini wokuthunga. YeBakala 5 (GEF - inkqubo yoqeqesho entsha, nto leyo ibandakanya isifundo), umzekelo, ukufunda daba izifundo zethekhinoloji.

Phakathi olunomdla ukuba uxelele abantwana ngembali kumatshini, kukho ngesihlandlo sakutshanje kakhulu. Ngo-2012, usekela ukusuka kummandla Rostov Z Shafirov wasungula indlela kunganyusa ukuqeshwa koomama abaneentsapho ezinkulu noomama angatshatanga kwenye kwimimandla ezininzi umva zabasebenzi basemgodini - wababela ngaphandle kwentlawulo kwabasetyhini malunga oomatshini bokuthunga nekhulu. Rally yaqhutywa izixeko ezibini. Iimoto kwafuneka ukuba uthumele isicelo ukuya namasekela-esibhaliweyo isiqinisekiso izizalwane kunye nabamelwane ukuba unina wabantwana abaninzi bayazi ukuthunga njani.

History of the umatshini wokuthunga kunye nentsimbi

Kunye kwimbali umatshini wokuthunga, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthethe namhlanje zilahleka ngalo mbandela, ezifana nesinyithi. Esi sixhobo unembali yamandulo kakhulu. Ngokutsho ubungqina bezinto zakudala, efana yesinyithi isetyenziswa kwangethuba njengoko BC ngenkulungwane yesi-4. e. e Greece yamandulo. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba ilitye ingxwabangxwaba smoothes iimpahla. Kwaba kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwakukho yentsimbi ongangokugibisela-yentsimbi, fomu leyo efana mihla. Njengoko ngokuba intsimbi yombane, kwabonakala ngo-1903, waza wamenza Earl Richardson.

Ngoko ke, imbali zombane zasekhaya inokuba akukho umdla ngaphantsi kwe kwimbali yempucuko.