UBobby Sands, uSathana 1981 Irish ezile ukutya: biography

Bobby Sands waba elilwela geqe Northern Ireland. Waye wajoyina i-ira; kuba imisebenzi leyo ethe uselegwetyiwe kabini. Ngoxa esentolongweni, yena wanyulelwa ePalamente ukusuka isithili sakhe. Kumlo ngenxa yabo Sands amalungelo baqalisa ezile ukutya, ngenxa koko wafa ngenxa komzimba. Kuba baninzi, izenzo zakhe zihlandlo azikhange kwaye abazange bayiqonde ngenxa yezenzo kumaphephandaba. Noko ke, oko zanegalelo siphinde siqhubeke ngokomeleza indima ira kwiPalamente.

Yintoni i ira? Ziziphi iimfuno yabaqhankqalazi namabanjwa? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo, kwakunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezivela biography of Robert Sands inokufumaneka kwinqaku.

biography

Elipheleleyo igama Irish ntliziyo uRobert Gerard Sands. Wazalelwa Newtownabbey, kwintsapho yamaKatolika 09.03.1954 Kwiminyaka emithandathu wafudukela nabazali bakhe Rathcoole. Le Sands usapho, ngaphandle ubby, intombi ka uBernadette. Waye nayo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwezopolitiko.

Bobby Sands watshata Dzheraldin Noad, kunye 08.05.1973 wazalelwa unyana wabo Gerard. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, unyana wakhe omnci, uRobert, baya kuya umngcwabo kayise.

Uthatho-nxaxheba ira

Bobby Sands waba lilungu ira, xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala. Ngelo xesha ke wabanjwa kuqala. Isizathu soku kwafunyanwa yakhe pistols ekhaya ezine. Bobby wagwetywa iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni.

Ngowe-1976, wakhululwa entolongweni waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe entlanganweni. Waye asolwa ebangela kuqhuma, kodwa wafumana akukho bungqina inxaxheba. Noko ke, kakade 1977, Sands wabandakanyeka yezulu. Kuba lo wagwetywa ukuba avalelwe entolongweni iminyaka elishumi elinamine, yaye ndasiwa entolongweni mays.

Ngelo xesha, urhulumente kubhangise iwonga, ngenxa amabanjwa ira kubalwe izaphuli eqhelekileyo. Oku kwalandelwa sisenzo, ebizwa ngokuba "ngengubo loqhankqalazo", "uqhankqalazo elimdaka". Bona inxaxheba bby. Ukongeza, wabhala imibongo kunye namanqaku.

Imisebenzi ira

umbutho Iranian amabutho ejoliswe ukuphumeza ukuzimela Northern Ireland ukususela eBritani. ukuchaza kwayo babekholelwa ukuba ilizwe labo phantsi yiMelika. Kwimisebenzi yayo, umbutho wayama labemi yamaKatolika.

Namhlanje kuye abameli balo kwiPalamente, ezithi zinikezelwe ngohlobo Sinn Fein. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1919 kunye qhankqalazo e Dublin kunye nemisebenzi noPatrick Pearce.

Umkhosi Iranian ke ngesandla sakhe. imizuzu 90 phambi kokuba uqhushumbo, abameli babo mabaxelelwe iinjongo zakhe umnxeba ukuze uphephe iingxwelerha babantu, ebonisa ngexesha elifanayo amandla ayo. Ekujoliswe eziphambili kwakukho nabameli imikhosi yaseBritani, amapolisa kunye neenkundla.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mbutho ukwahlula. "Okwethutyana" i ira, eyayiyinxalenye yaye zadalwa Robert Sands. Umbutho otyholwa ngokubulala abangaphezu amawaka; kubo apho amajoni zamajoni. Fighters icala emva kokuba egwetyiwe zibekwe amabanjwa-nkqubo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, esi status asuswe kubo. Oku kwakhokelela uqhankqalazo ngamabanjwa. Enye yezi ndlela yokuveza ukunganeliseki yaqalisa ugwayimbo yindlala.

uqhankqalazo 1981

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1981 Wafa MP Frenk Maguayr, ngoko waqalisa eli phulo. Ngenxa yoko, ilungu elitsha lePalamente, yaba Sands. Kwakhona waba ngummeli mncinane kaRhulumente. Kwelinye icala, ukuvalwa ngakumbi ilandelayo: abantu ndigwetywe ngaphezu konyaka omnye akavumelekanga ukuba athabath 'inxaxheba kulonyulo.

URobert wafa iintsuku ezimashumi mathandathu anesithandathu ka ezile ukutya. Unobangela yokufa yaba waphelelwa epheleleyo. Emngcwabeni wakhe kwakuze abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu lamawaka, kuquka i-Irish Republican Army.

iimfuneko zesiseko

Nangona Sands yaba lilungu le-Government, ugwayimbo yindlala kakade swing ngokupheleleyo. Amatshantliziyo wabeka phambili iimfuno ezintlanu. Nangona bonke ubilisa phantsi nento yokuba abameli ira emva ezintolongweni ubume amabanjwa ezopolitiko.

Amalungelo, ebesifuna yindlala:

1. Musa ukuya iimpahla entolongweni.
2. Musa nenxaxheba kumsebenzi entolongweni.
3. Inkululeko unxibelelwano phakathi ngamabanjwa, umbutho izinto eyonwabisayo kunye emfundo.
4. Ukukwazi ukufumana kanye ngeveki ngonobumba omnye, ukuthumela kunye nokufumana undwendwe.
5. Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka a uxolelo.

I-Irish Republican Army iye evunyiweyo nguRhulumente United Kingdom, kangangokuba basabela hayi ngokuthanda yabaqhankqalazi.

Margaret Tetcher asabela

Xa kwakukho ezile ukutya (bby Sands wayengomnye nxaxheba eziphambili), i-British iNkulumbuso kwakukho uMargaret Thatcher. Akazange ukuya kwi yindlala iminyinyiva ukuba akanikwa ubume amabanjwa ezopolitiko bekhala. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukufa kwabantu ezilishumi.

Noko ke, urhulumente kusafuneka athathe kwizikhundla zabo ngokunxulumene indlala, nangona iphephandaba akazange ingxelo ngalo. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuqalisa kwabakhonkxiweyo zoqhankqalazo bavunyelwe ukuba banxibe iimpahla ezilula, kungekhona ukwenza umsebenzi entolongweni, ubuthe nokunxulumana, ukuze ufumane imfundo.

Kogwayimbo indlala yaphela

Uqhankqalazo ophele nge 03/10/1981 ka Bobby Sands waba lixhoba yokuqala, kodwa hayi wokugqibela.

Uluhlu amabanjwa umfi abathatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo indlala:

• Robert Sands ezile ukutya iintsuku 66 waza wafa kuqala;
• F. Hughes - iintsuku 59;
• P. McCreesh - iintsuku 61;
• P. O'Hara - iintsuku 61;
• D. McDonnell - iintsuku 61;
• M. Herson - iintsuku 46;
• K. Lynch - iintsuku 71;
• K. Doherty - iintsuku 73;
• T. McElwee - iintsuku 62;
• M. Devine - iintsuku ezingama-60.

In memory of yesikhumbuzo umfi zadalwa. Le elise Bogside njenge "H" ileta IsiNgesi. Ngoko ke inzala igcinwe kwimemori lomsitho eziphuma apho bby Sands and "neeyunithi HLB" (sesikweni igama Imeyizi entolongweni). Kuyinto kwenye yezi iibhloko ukukhonza isiphelo yokukhalaza.

Kogwayimbo indlala iye yakhokelela ekubeni ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo we-isizwe Irish wathabatha kwicala olukhulu ngakumbi. kwakhona aphawula sisiqalo senkqubo leyo eye Sinn Féin ukuba liwina ukhetho.

idayari lomzabalazo

UBobby Sands, ucaphulo, leyo ibalulekile abameli ira, wayeyindoda ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngoxa lokuvalelwa, wabhala imibongo kunye namanqaku. Waqalisa ezile ukutya, Sands wenza idayari, iingxelo yokuqala yabhalwa Matshi 1 (ngeCawe). Xa version Russian le web zibekwe inguqulelo yokuqala iintsuku ezilishumi kwidayari.

Le film "Indlala" ngo-2008

1981 Irish kukulamba ogwayimbo ngexesha kuchazwa kumajelo eendaba uphambene. amaphephandaba British aye urhulumente baza bazama ukuhlekisa ngaye iimfuno zabantu abalambileyo. Ngenye indlela, cinga ngemeko umlawuli umdlalo Steve McQueen kaThixo "Indlala", owayebonakele phezu izikrini ngo-2008. Yena wafumana ibhaso le Cannes Film Festival.

Lo mfanekiso utyhila veki wobomi Robert, owaba lilungu le-British ePalamente, ummeli we ira. Wagwetywa iminyaka elishumi elinamine ngenxa ngokuthatha inxaxheba edubule amapolisa, okanye mandithi ngenxa onengubo ivolovolo.

Lo mboniso ubonisa abakhonkxiweyo ekuvalelweni ira, nto leyo eyenza imfuno ukubuya kwesimo seendawo amabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ophambili ugqiba kwelokuba aye nxamnye nkqubo, ke ngoko, wabhengeza ugwayimbo yindlala. Kuba iinyanga ezimbini, ukuba utshintshwa evela indoda elimele.

Umlawuli kakhulu zincomeka ukubonisa ubomi amabanjwa. Bonke shi lithemba, ngaphandle ray nakancinane ithemba. Asinguye wonke umntu uya kuba nakho ukubona umboniso, ade ase ekupheleni, kwakunye ukuqonda ingcamango yokuba umlawuli efuna ukudlulisela. Le filimu iyakwazi na unsettle.

Indima umlinganiswa ophambili nto siyiphathisiweyo Michael Fassbender. Umdlali unako ukudlulisela iimvakalelo indlala, iwabonakalalise iingcinga veki ezintandathu yobomi bakhe.