Ingathengwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. iingalo Small. Trehlineyka Mosin

Kucingwa, ngesandla ngokukhanya mbali Soviet ukuba ingxokolo lwamaNazi ahlasela yiSoviet Union ngowe-1941, sixhobe ngokupheleleyo ngemipu ngomatshini, phantse rhoqo, phantse zonke amajoni Wehrmacht ukusuka scribbling yakhe "Schmeiser". Kwaba kuloo engamashumi amabini yokugqibela, emva kokuba uviwo kwinjongo izibakala, oko wayengekafiki yinyaniso. Okokuqala, umatshini yaseJamani kwathiwa, ngokuxhomekeke ukuguqulwa, okanye MR.38 MR.40 okwesibini, H. Schmeiser ingcibi zange ziphuhliswe yaye yaziswa kuyilo yakhe inani lotshintsho (kubandakanywa ndandisisigculelo zomthi) ukudala -izinga eliphezulu rifle, ezafumana igama layo, yaye kamva. Okwesithathu, isixhobo iphambili abahlala ngamaNazi ebudeni bemfazwe yaba umpu enamandla noko Mauser Gewehr-98. Ukuba ufunda ngenyameko ixesha okukule ukuhlaselwa ezigciniweyo, kunokubonwa, ngokunjalo neenqwelo zamahashe, eyenza eliyinhloko uhlobo zothutho baseJamani. I-Red Army iqhube ngendlela efanayo. Trehlineyka Mosin of ibhanti ngelaphu okhankanya imbongi Tvardovsky, wakhonza ngokuthembeka esaphuma kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha elungileyo.

Mauser: prototype kunye nophuhliso

Hitler waba endala. Wahamba ihlabathi yokuqala, nangona ezinye biographers zakhe ezibonisa ukuba iimeko kunokuba we kufunyenwe Iron Cross, ezinye elizayo ukulwa "uMlawuli zabantu isiJamani" kwakusadingeka. Akazange abathembani izinga yezixhobo compact, Ndakugqala ke eyona Mauser izixhobo yokuluka ehlabathini, abaye bakwazi ukwenza umzekelo nanto. Ngoko ke, lo umpu waseJamani kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II phantse babenjalo, leyo walwa majoni amaJamani kunye uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian ngo-1914-1918, kunye notshintsho design olungephi. umatshini balo Gew.71, eyenziwe ngabazalwana William kunye noPetros-Paul Mauser, njengokuba kucacile ukusuka isalathisi ngo-1871. Kwakukho, iiphatheni ezintsha advanced ( "88" '89 "' 92" yaye "94"), kuthathelwa ingqalelo izimvo akhawunti zokuphucula iimpawu uvela emkhosini. Ekugqibeleni, zonke ezi utshintsho kuboniswe yokugqibela "Mauser" ngo-'71. Loo umpu inkulu German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Imbali mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin wacinga inkqubela ngakumbi, yaye oko kubazalele amaduna namathokazi. Oomashini kwi USSR yaveliswa izihlandlo ezi-6 ngaphezu anegesi Germany (izigidi ezithandathu ukuya kwenye). Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba eqhelekileyo iingalo ezincinane ingqwalasela akahlawulwa. Ingaba uphuhliso imifuziselo amatsha, baza kuvavanywa kwiimeko yokulwa (abaswela: Khalkhin Goal, Karelian Isthmus), ichazwe ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Kodwa, Isimanga, isixhobo ilungileyo Red Army wahlala trehlineyka Mosina, yasungulwa phakathi lolawulo. Kwaba ethembakeleyo, kulula ukwenza kunye ezahlukeneyo intlanganisela abonwabileyo lwe data ezigqwesileyo Committe nobugcisa kunye lula wokusingatha.

Yena unembali eyayiphila kudala gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngoko ke umkhosi Russian kwakufuneka kukho iingalo ezintsha encinane, yaye le ngxaki kuqala isonjululwe unsystematically. Emva koko, ngo-1892, kukho ukhuphiswano wabhengezwa apho ubumnandi, bekhangela odolo inzuzo enkulu, iinkampani ezininzi wathabatha inxaxheba: ". Ivolovolo" Austria "Mannlicher" Danish "Kragh-Iorgensen" Belgian Andifuni ukuhlala bucala kunye gunsmith Russian S. I. Mosin. Ekugqibeleni waphumelela sampula ekhaya, nangona umbhali design kwafuneka senze utshintsho, ngokuboleka kubo kontanga.

German Mauser carbine

Le mbono Uyilo ekupheleni armourers XIX leminyaka wayesebenza malunga kwicala elinye. ingathengwa Overview Gew.98 kutyhilwa ukungafihlisi encinane yotshintsho olululo. Ingaba ukuba wesekethe ingalo fuse entsha, kunye pyatipatronny ivenkile ubungakanani compact ngenxa ilungiselelo umqolo-ezimbini emthethweni. Hi ndlela leyi, umthamo lomnini ecetywayo ukwandisa icala ezisixhenxe okanye ezilishumi, kodwa abasebenzi ngokubanzi baseJamani bagqiba kwelokuba kunokuba ezintlanu. Mauser iCartridge abazalwana wadala zabo, yokunyamekela urhwebo "ezisetyenziswa", kwaye nokuphucula iimpawu zazo (ubukhulu 7,92 x 57). Ukubona bladed, anikwe uluhlu km ukuya ku-2. Kakade ke, kukho onencula ibe ngomva, kodwa inikeza nezinye iintlobo.

Njengoko igama "mbutho", oko phantse ayizange yokuthsintsha nantoni na ngaphandle indlela umtya zanda.

design Mosin

abalinganiswa noshowo i Mosin umpu xa lulonke ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka inkcazelo analogu waseJamani. Ukuvuleka esimigca mithathu (0,3 '') yaba Russian umgangatho ubude umphanda (ngaphezu ikhulu calibers). Ukugcina neotemny bhokisi, umthamo wayo - neekhatriji ezine. Kugesi wenziwa ngesandla, shutter longitudinally sliding uhlobo. Ukuhlanganisa yeyona ilula kakhulu kwaye original in Russian: ukuze uphephe ekubhobhozeni ngengozi kufuneka tsala asibambe nijike axis yawo, kwaye ke kobethileyo ayikwazanga wabetha primer. Lo mbono waba ngqo kwimibhobho Bulelani embalwa ngakumbi kwizikhundla zalo ezimbini kunokwenzeka. Inyathelo isikali ngalinye - meters 200.

amagama akhetekileyo ifanelwe onencula, ezibe baxhotyiswa kunye afohlela Soviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Yena a-emine shape- tyaba-incam (kokuba ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo ngexesha disassembly). Kwakubuhlungu: ukuphalusa kuwo ngohlangothi, wavuma ngoko nangoko, yophela langaphakathi. onencula Russian nesindindeneyo kamva esivale iindibano ngezizwe.

Emva 1939 kwafika imikhosi maxesha Mosin umpu, sahlukile kwase ngabanye iimpawu zoyilo, Noko ke, zingabalulekanga. amakhonkco lozhevyh Changed, iindlela bayonets kunye ramrod ithengise, kunye nokuhlelwa ingabonwa wenza metric.

Kwamanye amazwe

Akukho kuphela kuloo mazwe mabini alwayo eziphambili, kodwa kulo lonke ihlabathi enxulumene iindidi oluzenzekelayo (ngoko ikakhulu umpu submachine) kwaba uqaphele. Rearmament efunekayo utyalo omkhulu, yaye isiphumo akukho namnye onokuchaza. Betha ukuchaneka nokuthembeka imifuziselo ezintsha iintsonkotha bayavuswa, uphuhliso kunye nokwenza uvavanyo ezifunwa ukwandisa uhlahlo ukuziphendulela. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwacaca kona ukuba nje umthwalo omkhulu olwenziwe yi nejoni uya kuba mkhulu, kuba zonke ezi matshini musa adala kwemijikelo. Le guns kakhulu exandileyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II enziwa, ngaphandle eSoviet Union neJamani, eUnited States ( "Springfield" yaye "Garand"), i-UK ( "Lee-Enfield"), e-Italy (Marko I № 4) kunye eJapan ( "Arisaka") . Bonke babe ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kodwa ngokubanzi, kwaba kakhulu ngokulinganayo. A contenders engundoqo gunsmiths Soviet kunye nesiJamani.

ABC-36 Automatic

Zokuzenzela ezi zokuzenzela zibizwa ngokuba ngenxa boko kwabo cuts, ukudala torque ichibi, ngenxa yoko uye unxaxho ezincinane ukusuka target. Izixhobo kuzo zonke ezintle, kodwa ubunzima iisampuli njengoko Red Army kunye Wehrmacht, waba ethile ebalulekileyo - neqondo eliphantsi. Emva kokuba shot le mlweli kwafuneka ukuzigqwetha ethole ukuthumela elinye icala kungena egumbini, kwaye oko kwathabatha ixesha elixabisekileyo. Umpu 7,62 Simonov, ukwamkela kunyaka-1936, yaba isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa trehlineykoy, - oko balihlutha samovzvodom abasebenza irhasi propellant. Ukongeza, le wagaleleka ekhaleni, ukunciphisa impembelelo, kuphucula ukuchaneka hits. Noko ke, nangona zonke ezi iingenelo, inkunkuma emthethweni ikunyelisa alwayo neempawu yezixhobo, kunye ivenkile 15 kwandisa neekhatriji ubunzima. Umyalelo yakuthobela ngokoluvo nokwenzeka endaweni ABC-36 xikombiso lexi hetisekeke.

Self-ukulayisha inkqubo Tokarev SVT-38

Design Tokarev SVT-38 semi-oluzenzekelayo umgca nge ingqiqo kunokuba umpu oluzenzekelayo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ABC-36 yena kuthelekiswa kakuhle kakhulu uluhlu abalibona, ukuphuculwa lula yesondlo, kodwa, ngelishwa, kwaba nzima kakhulu kwaye abangenazigqibo. Ingakumbi ezi zinto zingalunganga wabonakala ngexesha lemfazwe ebusika xa iintsilelo rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Noko ke, nangona isampulu ethatyathwe imveliso 1940, Tokarev SVT-38 wakhonza kule minyaka kumzabalazo ochasene hlaselo zwilakhe. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu xa ukuchana kubaluleke ngaphezu ukuthembeka.

Okulandelayo Design Tokarev SVT-40

Ebuntwini isakhiwo SVT-38 yaye ngokuyinxenye isuswe kule modeli olulandelayo ngo-1940. Kunye abayili libe kunye nokutyeba eziliwa ukugrumba imingxuma kunye kukuqiniswa iinkalo apho bekunokwenzeka. SVT-40 iye yaba trehlineyki lula, kodwa obuphantsi umgangatho ophezulu, amajoni ayo zixabiseke - in ukuthembeka. Ukongeza, ukunqongophala noqeqesho lobugcisa abasebenzi ezininzi Red Army athintele iinkonzo abanobuchule ngezikrweqe othambe kakhulu. Ukuchaneka nako nimbaxa. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwakhe SVT-40 ezifumaneka kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe badubula ngqo. Uya makangazami sompu umpu ilungileyo, kodwa kakhulu enesidima. "Umboko" ngalunye inencasa, nabalinganiswa, kwaye ukuba shooter Wayeneziphiwo, ukuba kungekudala szhivaetsya kunye nezixhobo zabo, ukuze silungise kuyo, zafumana iziphumo ezigqwesileyo.

AVT-40 okuzenzelekayo

imveliso Umatshini ibiza ngaphezu kokuba umpu. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, yaye ekuqaleni ke kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko Tokarev wenza umnqamlezo kwaye njengoko kwabonakala engcono. Karma, yambethe umpu AVT-40 naninokudubula kuqhume abangatshatanga kunye Ukuvutha. Ivenkile ibekwe rounds ezilishumi. Noko ke, kungekudala kwacaca ukuba umamkeli abakwazi ukumelana ukothuka elide nomlilo wavalwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Inzuzo ephambili isampuli yajika nganto, nezinye zonke izalathi si zokunikwa isampuli yathwala umpu Mosin.

Izixhobo seva Soviet ...

Kukho udidi lwezixhobo ezincinane, ukuyilwa kuzo zonke iimpawu eqhelekileyo iisampulu emikhulu kubomi bomntwana. Eyona njongo iphambili yale umyili kukuqinisekisa ukukwazi ukufumana i utolo ukusuka ekunene umgama kwi target. Ukuchaneka yeyona ibalulekileyo. zokuzenzela sniper yiSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yenziwa kwiinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili. Ngowe-1931, zonke mosinskaya trehlineyka efanayo, kunye isivingco yokubamba iguqulwe kancinane, kwaye wenza kanye nesigaba esemgangathweni okhethekileyo, wafumana umbono optical. Ngaphandle, yahlukile isakhiwo lwantlandlolo ukuba shutter ukunqanda oko ijonge ezantsi, kunokuba phezulu njengoko kwimizobo kwangaphambili.

ESoviet zokuzenzela sniper evela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II SVT-40 ezichazwe apha ngasentla. Kuhleli kuphela ukongeza ukuba yezandla zabo kakhulu zenkcenkce nocoselelo, kakade, ngokokwakheka isibiyeli ocingwayo ngenxa yokukhanya.

... and German

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe lwamaNazi phambili bakwazi ukufaka isitokhwe ezibalulekileyo kwezixhobo Soviet. Abazange basilele wabacinezela. Ngenxa yoko, afohlela Soviet ezininzi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kuquka sompu, wafumana Wehrmacht. Ngaphandle elula koyilo, ukuba kakhulu lutshaba, lowo de 1942 kwaba angafumanekiyo zoyilo eziphambili. Ezi ziquka sniper zokuzenzela Zf.Kar.98k, abamele phambili ngakumbi "Mauser" ngo-1898, yaye ezinye iiyunithi kuthinjwa, ngaphambili wavaleleka kumazwe ezinabantu (eCzechoslovakia, France, Belgium, njalo njalo). Umzamo ukwazi kakhulu ukudala umatshini ngompu kunye sniper izixhobo hybrid. Uyilo kuthiwa Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (umpu kuba parachutist). Ezinye iingcali uthambekele ukukholelwa ukuba eyona sabona umpu. Kunjalo, ngelo xesha ukuba uphuhliso kakhulu mihla waza wenza kuphela ziiyunithi elite paratroopers kunye SS.

emva kwemfazwe,

Okwangoku, i imipu ngokuzenzekelayo ehlabathini indawo umpu. Ngoku, omnye wadubula seva kuphela. Kaloku izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ixhaphakileyo kwisithuba lalisakuba yiSoviet kwaye ngaphaya uhlala namhlanje Dragunov umpu, ezenzelwe ngo-1963. Isizathu sokuba yokuthandwa kwayo okufana zonke iingalo Russian. Kuyinto nabalulamileyo, ethembekileyo, azibizi kwaye neempawu ezintle. Uyilo nolim sidibanisa iimpawu best bahlutha afohlela sniper kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ingakumbi eSoviet. uyilo abaninzi, owasungulwa okanye ngcono 30 and 40, ziye zasetyenziswa xa Iwawo.

Uthelekiso kunye naso American M24, xa uqala, ebonisa ukongama kwisampula American. A inqanaba eliphezulu okuchaneka lwafumaneka iinjineli aphesheya, ukusebenzisa inyathelo rifling 320 mm. Noko ke, enyanisweni ujika ukuba akangenanga Dragunov umpu sikhona yonke kwaye umlilo zonke iintlobo emthethweni, kuquka umphathi wezikrweqe lihlaba sigade. Ngexesha ukusebenza kukho iimeko apho SVD Akwazi ukudubula phantsi moya, kuquka ezo nzima ukoyisa njengoko UAVs, ntaka kunye moya ukuhlasela jet.