Kwamatanki isiJamani "uTiger": iimpawu zobugcisa iimvavanyo device, imodeli, ifoto, umlilo. Njengoko izixhobo Soviet Uyihlaba German itanki T-6 "Tiger"?

Le ndlela, nto leyo eye inxaxheba kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi kumacala omabini ngaphambili, ngamanye amaxesha ekulula ukuwubona ngakumbi yaye "canon" nangaphezu nxaxheba bayo. A Umzekelo woku PCA yethu submachine gun kunye namatanki isiJamani "Tiger". "Ethandwayo" wabo ngaphambili wasempuma ezinjalo ukuba phantse zonke itanki yesibini yotshaba amajoni ethu akukubona oko T-6.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Ngo-1942, abasebenzi waseJamani ekugqibeleni waqonda ukuba 'umbane imfazwe "zange isebenze, kodwa yinto ngokucacileyo ebonakalayo indawo ukuqinisa. Ngaphezu koko, amatanki Russian T34 bavunyelwe ukukusingatha ngempumelelo iindawo German zixhotyiswe nge-T-3 T-4. Esazi kakuhle ukuba uhlaselo olo itanki kwaye yintoni indima yalo emfazweni, amaJamani wagqiba ukuba itanki entsha ngokupheleleyo enzima.

Xa ubulungisa, siphawula ukuba umsebenzi kwi projekthi besebusweni ngo-1937, kodwa ke kuphela iimfuno 40 umkhosi ethathe imilo ngakumbi eziphathekayo. Kwi projekthi yetanki enzima esebenza nabasebenzi beenkampani ezimbini: Henschel kunye Porsche. UFerdinand Porsche waba othandwayo ka Hitler, yaye ngenxa yoko wenza impazamo lowo unelishwa, nikukhawulezela kakhulu ... Noko ke, oku kusekho ukuthetha.

I AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokuqala

Sele 1941 iinkampani Wehrmacht banikela "kuluntu" AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezimbini: VK 3001 (H) kunye VK 3001 (P). Kodwa ngoMeyi waloo nyaka, emkhosini wanikela iimfuno kwahlaziywa kwamatanki enzima, kubangele kwiiprojekthi kwafuneka ukuba aphinde nzulu.

Kwaba ngoko ukuba amaxwebhu yokuqala imveliso VK 4501, nto leyo elandelela itanki yayo uzalwa German enzima "Tiger". Le okhuphisana kwakufuneka ukubonelela iisampuli kuqala ngoMeyi-Juni 1942. Inani ziye catastrophically phezulu, kuba zombini maqonga amaJamani ngokwenene re-design. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1942 zombini AMAGQABAZA ▸, baxhotyiswa ezinde Friedrich Krupp AG, zasiwa "isikhundla Wolf kaThixo" ukuze ukubonisa iteknoloji entsha lokuzalwa uMlawuli kaThixo.

contest winner

Kwacaca ukuba zombini zingaphezu kuneengxaki ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, Porsche ke ngoko "uziqhube" ingcamango udale i itanki "yombane 'ukuba umatshini wayo, ukuba enzima kunene, bekungenakuba ajike yi ° 90. We Henschel naye wonke ekunene: Itanki yakhe ubunzima obukhulu nto saa kwi-45 km efunekayo / h, kodwa injini yayo iye ukufudumala kangangokuba kukho umngcipheko wokwenene yomlilo. Kodwa Ndaphumelela ngale itanki.

Izizathu zilula: uyilo zakudala kunye kwisisu semoto lighter. Itanki Porsche efanayo zintsonkothile kwaye ifuna inani sobhedu ezinqabileyo imveliso, ukuba nkqu uHitler awayecinga ukuba ukuyeka injineli intanda yakhe. Naye ukuba selikho, yamkeleka kunye nekomiti yokhetho. Loo iitanki isiJamani "uTiger" ukusuka 'Henschel "yaye uye waba eyaziwayo" le ncwadi. "

Malunga ngobungxamo kunye neziphumo zawo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Porsche ngokwayo phambi kokuba kuqale uvavanyo ndandiqinisekile impumelelo yakhe wayalela ukuba ukuqala imveliso ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba iziphumo lokuvunywa. Ngasemthonjeni ka-1942 kwi-workshops zesityalo sele wema kanye 90 isisu semoto esele zenziwe. Emva idle imfuneko ukusombulula ezi mvavanyo, yintoni yokwenza nabo. Isivuno wafunyanwa - isisu semoto eyomeleleyo mazisetyenziswe ekudaleni ACS "kuFerdinand."

Le gun self-ngokwaso yaba akukho odumileyo ngaphantsi xa usithelekise i T-6. 'Ibunzi "le nto ayizange kuyaphula phantse nantoni na, nokuba ngongoma-blank uluhlu kwaye ukusuka kumgama oziimitha nje 400-500. Akumangalisi ke, "Fyodor" amaqela itanki eSoviet woyika ngokuphandle yaye ehlonelwa. Noko ke, elihamba ayizange kodwa sivumelane nawo, "uFerdinand" akazange abe ikhosi umpu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi izithuthi 90 zatshatyalaliswa yimigodi Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye neentlawulo anti-itanki, "ngenyameko" kubeka ilungelo phantsi emthondweni.

imveliso lezibuko ne nokuphuculwa

Xa kuka Agasti wonyaka mnye itanki waya imveliso. Emangalisayo, kodwa kwixesha elinye okuqhubekayo uvavanyo olunzulu ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala kwabonisa isampuli Hitler babesele ixesha lokuba aye phezu kwiindlela zepolygons-960 km. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kumatshini zimbi iza kukhawuleziswa ukuya kwi-18 km / h, emasikwini amafutha wayitshisa ukuya iilitha 430 100 km. Ngoko ke itanki isiJamani "uTiger", oko luphawu senqaku, ngenxa ukuchitha zawo ezininzi iingxaki yonikezelo lweenkonzo.

Lokuvelisa kunye noyilo nokuphuculwa owenziwe inyanda enye. izinto ezininzi lwangaphandle atshintshiwe, kuquka iibhokisi kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa. Emva koko, ngomhla kujikelezo kwinqaba baqalisa ukubeka mortars ezincinane eyenzelwe ngokukodwa Ziyaqhubeka umsi nasemigodini udidi "S". Le yokugqibela bekumele ukuba atshabalalise utshaba nomkhosi yaye singanyangekiyo kunene: ndikhululwe esiqwini, yena wavuthela phezulu kwindawo ethile iyenzeka, esinabantu ukuwa isithuba belele ngeenxa itanki iibhola ezincinane metal. Ukongeza, ingakumbi ngenxa yokugquma umatshini kwi edabini ethile iziqhushumbisi umsi NbK 39 (ukuvuleka 90 mm) banikwa.

Iingxaki ngokuhanjiswa

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iitanki isiJamani "uTiger" yaba yeyokuqala kwimbali tank iimoto ukuba ifakwe njengoko izixhobo umgangatho lokuqhuba kwamanzi. Oku kungenxa ubunzima enkulu T-6, nto leyo akazange avumele ukuba nokuyihambisa phezu kwo ezininzi. Loo nto nje practice, izixhobo Oku lisusiwe.

umgangatho balo endulini, njengovavanyo ngakumbi itanki ngaphandle iingxaki bachitha ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbini isitya enzulu (kunye ibaleka injini), kodwa ukuntsonkotha fakelo kunye nemfuneko kwindawo yoqeqesho zobunjineli kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo lutho. Ethwala ngokwabo babekholelwa ukuba German itanki enzima T-VI of "uTiger" nje bangabopheleleki ngaphezulu okanye ezinodaka ngaphantsi ezantsi, ngoko zama ukuba esichengeni usebenzisa iindlela "umgangatho" yokuwela lomlambo.

Kwakhona umdla kuloo kanye iintlobo ezimbini lengoma iye yenziwa ukwenzela le matshini: indlela emxinwa 520 mm kunye 725 mm ububanzi. Lokuqala kusetyenziselwa ukuthutha amatanki kumaqonga kaloliwe standard yaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka - ukususa phantsi amandla ayo kwiindlela ogangathiweyo. Uhlobo lwesibini yaba zilwe ezinqunquthayo, oko yasetyenziswa kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko. Sasiyintoni isixhobo "uTiger" itanki German?

Iimpawu design

kanye Uyilo imoto entsha Classic, kunye diff eMTO. Singene lonke phambi unit yolawulo. Nantso ke apho imisebenzi zibekwe umqhubi kunye nonomathotholo umqhubi, leyo ngaxeshanye wakhonza utolo, ukulawula utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle umatshini gun.

Inxalenye phakathi itanki yabekwa phantsi gumbi nqanawa. Ezifakwe phezulu ithawa umpu kunye umpu womatshini, kwakukho injengele yokusebenza ndawo, gunner kunye umlayishi. Kwakhona bahlaliswa zonke izixhobo yetanki kwi gumbi ekulweni.

izikhali

Isixhobo eliyinhloko umpu KwK 36 abanjalo 88 mm. Kuye kwenziwa ngokususela edume guns anti-moya "UMTHETHO-MTHETHO 'le bodidi mnye, owathi ngo-1941 bafaka ngokuzithemba zonke kwiitanki eManyeneyo phantse yonke imigama. Gun ubude komgqomo - 4928 mm, kuthathelwa ingqalelo wagaleleka ekhaleni - 5316 mm. Lowo yobaluleko yokugqibela ukufumana iinjineli Isijamani kunciphisa returns amandla ukuya kuma kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo. iingalo Auxiliary kwaba 7,92 mm umatshini gun MG-34.

Exchange umatshini gun, leyo, thina bathi njengoko, walawula umqhubi irediyo, ndafakwa phambi gumbi. Qaphela ukuba, xa cupola womyaleli, ngokuxhomekeka ukusetyenziswa attachment olulodwa indawo MG-34 omnye / 42, nto leyo kulo mzekelo kusetyenziswa i izikhali anti-moya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli nyathelo yaba unyanzelekile, kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa yi-amaJamani eYurophu.

Ngokubanzi, lo moya akwazi ukumelana nayiphi na itanki German enzima. T-IV, «Tiger» - baba lixhoba lula moya Allied. Thina imeko efanayo ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba kude 1944 i-USSR nje akazange abe stormtroopers ngokwaneleyo esihlasela kakhulu zobunjineli German.

Batshintshana uqoqo kuthwalwa rotator yiHydraulic, amandla 4 kW kabani. ukuba amandla asuka gearbox, leyo wasebenzisa izixhobo eyahlukileyo. Lo mshini ngempumelelo kakhulu: ngesantya esiphezulu inqaba iyajikeleza degrees 360 ngo nje umzuzu.

Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile injini zarhaxwa, kodwa kwakufuneka ukuba inqaba, i zidlula bangasebenzisa isixhobo manual olujikelezayo. ethile yayo, ngaphandle imithwalo phezulu kwi nqwelwana, yaba kukuba lo tilting ujikelezo nakancinane le umphanda Yayingekho.

isityalo amandla

EMTO eziqulethwe njengokuba isityalo amandla kunye nesikhundla amafutha. Oku iitanki isiJamani "uTiger" kakuhle okwahluke koomatshini zethu eligcina fuel ibekwe ngqo kwi gumbi ekulweni. Ukongeza, eMTO iye ohlulwe kwabanye amagumbi ulwahlulo eziqinileyo ezinciphisa umngcipheko crew hit ngqo kwigumbi injini le.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba neetanki aseJamani kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ( "Tiger" kungekho ngaphandle), nangona 'ipetroli "uzuko bayo" kulula "nto ifunyenwe. Yaba ncakasa kwilungiselelo olufanelekileyo amatanki amafutha.

Intshukumo kwemoto zizinto motor ezimbini Maybach HL 210P30 650 hp okanye Maybach HL 230P45 700 hp (abesetwe ukusukela th-251 "uTiger"). Motors V-ezimilise, elaphiliswayo inxeba lalo ezine, nesilinda 12. Qaphela ukuba itanki "Panther" waba kanye injini enye, kodwa mnye. injini lwehle nge liphole ezimbini ndawoni inye. Ukongeza, kumacala omabini i-injini ezinye abalandeli ukuba ukuphucula inkqubo okupholisa ziye zasekwa. Ukongeza, eyahlukileyo komoya generator kunye zeemoto manifolds kuye kwabonelelwa.

Ngokungafaniyo kwamatanki zomthonyama ingasetyenziselwa kuba eso kuphela ipetroli eliphezulu-grade ezinenani octane ubuncinane 74. itanki ezine amafutha zicwangciswe eMTO obuhlala iilitha 534 zamafutha. Xa uqhuba kwi nzima iindlela zegrabile nganye iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu kwachithwa iilitha 270 zepetroli, yaye ekudibaneni kwe izinga off-kwendlela landa nangoko iilitha 480.

Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu zobugcisa itanki "uTiger" (German) hayi kuzakuthathwa imingcelele yayo emide "elizimeleyo". Ukuba nje ithuba elincinane, amaJamani efuna ukumngenisa kufutshane edabini phezu oololiwe. Ngoko ke waphuma sitshiphu.

Ukucacisa coil

Kwicala nganye amavili yendlela-24, apho kohlulwa nje kuphela, kodwa wema imikrozo emine! On amavili indlela asetyenziswe amavili ngerabha, kwelinye baba intsimbi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyongezelelweyo ukwehla lwangaphakathi. Qaphela ukuba itanki German T-6 "uTiger" waba ethile ebalulekileyo kakhulu ukuba akukwazeki ukuba ukuphelisa: Ngenxa imithwalo eliphezulu kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu enxibe amabhandeji of roller.

Ukususela malunga umatshini 800th kuzo zonke rinks baqalisa ukubeka band zentsimbi kunye ukunceda embilwini. Ukwenzela lula inciphise neendleko zolwakhiwo rinks omnye ngaphandle nazo azibandakanywanga kule projekthi. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokunjalo neendleko jikelele itanki Wehrmacht isiJamani "Tiger"? unyaka model isampula 1943 lwaluqikelelwa yi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukusukela 600 amawaka 950 Reichsmarks tysyach.

Isetyenziswa ukulawula ivili lokuqhuba, njenge ivili isithuthuthu: ngokusebenzisa hydraulic drive itanki anobunzima 56 ukulawula ngokulula uxinzelelo ngesandla esinye. Tshintsha gear ingaba iminwe nje emibini. Hi ndlela leyi, le PPC itanki yaba nekratshi esemthethweni abathungi: - (!) Iirobhothi, ezine amagiya phambili kunye emibini eyadlulayo.

Ngokungafaniyo amatanki zethu, apho mehvoda abe ngumntu onamava kakhulu indlela entle leyo edla kwakuxhomekeke ubomi bonke abasebenzi xa eqeqesha "uTiger" akwazi ukuthatha phantse naluphi phansi, ngaphambi kokuba isithuthuthu ubuncinane kuphela. Ngenxa yoku, ngasendleleni, iposi mehvoda "uTiger" into ekhethekileyo ingqalelo, ngoxa umqhubi T-34 Ndaphantsa ukuba umphathi engundoqo itanki.

Yokuvikela weentonga

Ityala - ibhokisi-emile, izinto zayo zihamba 'spike "yaye nge welding. sheets weentonga ezityikitywe, kunye ongeziweyo of chromium kunye molybdenum kokwehla. mbali abaninzi ugxeka 'ibhokisi-emile "," uTiger ", kodwa, okokuqala, ukuba sele eqolo ngoko ke matshini kunokuba ubuncinane njengento lula. Okwesibini, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, de 1944 edabini wayengekho itanki enye eManyeneyo, nenokuthi wabetha T-6 kweli kwingqikelelo ngokungqalileyo. Kaloku, ukuba ayikho ingqwalasela.

Ngoko ke ukuba German itanki enzima T-VI «Tiger" ngexesha ekudaleni umatshini elikhuselekileyo. Enyanisweni, kuba yena wayemthanda zidlula Wehrmacht. Hi ndlela leyi, isixhobo eSoviet wahlatywa itanki isiJamani "Tiger"? Okunye kanye, yintoni izixhobo?

Yintoni isixhobo eSoviet bamhlabayo i "Tiger"

Isikrweqe ngokungqalileyo inalo ububanzi 100 mm, kwicala kunye feed - 82 mm. Abanye ababhali-mbali zomkhosi bakholelwa ukuba ngenxa iifom 'wagawulwa' ngezindlu with "uTiger" ngempumelelo nako ukulwa ZIS-3 ukuvuleka 76 mm wethu, kodwa kukho ezinye ubuqili:

• Okokuqala, litshitshiswe ebunzi aqinisekisiwe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kuphela 500 eemitha, kodwa onganeno projectiles weentonga lihlaba rhoqo musa imngene isikrweqe esemgangathweni kuqala "Tigers", nokuba ezikufutshane.
• Okwesibini, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, phezu ledabi kwaba baye "polkovushka" ukuvuleka 45 mm, leyo ebunzi T-6 akazange athathe konke konke. Kwanokuba Asikokungena ecaleni lalwano ukuze ziqinisekiswe ngaphandle kokuba imitha-50, yaye akukho yinyaniso.
• Cannon F-34 T-34-76 nayo lingaphumi, Azitywine, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa subcaliber "ohlobo" imeko ilungisa buthathaka. Inyaniso kukuba oonokrwece ihlaba le umpu ngokukhuselekileyo athathe enqanaweni "uTiger" kunye neemitha 400-500 kuphela. Kwaye ngoko - kucingelwa ukuba i "bayotywe" yaba uphawu akusoloko.

Ekubeni izixhobo Soviet bamhlabayo itanki isiJamani "Tiger" akusoloko kwiitanki yanikwa umyalelo olula: kudubula isikrweqe-lihlaba kuphela xa kukho 100% ithuba ibetha. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ezinqabileyo axabiso likhulu Tungsten khabhayithi. Sothi shaka eSoviet nga knock out a T-6 kuphela kuqondana iimeko ezininzi:

• Umgama Small.
• Yiba angle elungileyo.
• A shell esemgangathweni.

Ngoko ke de ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ubunzima imbonakalo T-34-85 ngo-1944 kunye imikhosi Ukwanda imipu self-ngokwaso SU-85/100/122 kunye "abazingeli" SU / wapin-152 "Tigers" baba iintshaba eziyingozi kakhulu amajoni ethu.

Iimpawu ukulwa ukusetyenziswa

Malunga nendlela kakhulu zithathwa German itanki T-6 "uTiger" ngokuyalelwa Wehrmacht, uthi ubuncinane into yokuba abantu abatsha unit Committe wadalelwa ukuba lezi zimoto - enzima Ibutho tank. Kwaye ke kukho inxalenye eyahlukileyo, stand-alone, unelungelo amanyathelo elizimeleyo. Yintoni Lubalasele ithathele 14 ekuqaleni yamathuba emisebenzi omnye wenza Italy - nye e-Afrika, i-12 - kwi-USSR. Oku kunika uluvo lokuba le ferocity lo lwa eMpuma Front.

Ngo-Agasti 1942, "Tigers" ziye "evunyiweyo" yi Mgoy apho gunners zethu wadubula phantsi ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu inxaxheba iimoto test (kwakukho ezintandathu), yaye ngowe-1943 imikhosi zethu nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha yokuqala T-6 kwi imeko phantse egqibeleleyo. Ngoko nangoko uvavanyo umlilo lwenziwa itanki isiJamani "uTiger", nto leyo iziphumo ukuhla: T-34 Itanki njengobuchule ukulwa omtsha zwilakhe ngokulinganayo ayaba nako, kwaye amandla we-45 mm anti-itanki gun butho esezantsi akazange abe ngokwaneleyo ukuba atyhudise isikrweqe.

Kukholelwa ukuba kwimeko inkulu yokusebenzisa i "Tigers" eSoviet Union kwenzeka ngexesha Idabi Kursk. Kwacetywa ukuba 285 iimoto olu hlobo kuya kusetyenziswa, kodwa ngokwenyani ulawulo Wehrmacht wabeka 246 T-6.

EYurophu, xa bexesha kulotywe eManyeneyo kwakukho ithathele amathathu Itanki enzima exhotyiswe 102 "Tiger". Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoMatshi 1945 kwakukho malunga 185 amatanki yolu hlobo lihamba ehlabathini. Abangama-1,200 kweeyunithi zaye zaveliswa. Namhlanje, kukho enye indlela itanki isiJamani "uTiger" ehlabathini. Iifoto itanki, apho ibekwe e Aberdeen Ukuzingqina Ground, kuvela rhoqo kumajelo eendaba.

Kutheni kwasekwa 'tigroboyazn "?

Ukusebenza eliphezulu zezi iitanki kubangelwa ubukhulu becala nokuphathwa ezibalaseleyo kunye nabasebenzi umsebenzi bekhululekile. Kude kube 1944 edabini wayengekho itanki enye eManyeneyo, leyo kufuneka kulwa "uTiger" kwi ngokulinganayo. Uninzi ethwala zethu zabulawa xa imoto abebehamba amaJamani kunye umgama km 1.5-1.7. Xa T 6 yadala inani elincinane ezinqabileyo kakhulu.

Ukufa ACE German Wittmann - umzekelo. ikhefu lakhe itanki ngokusebenzisa "Sherman" ekugqibeleni akugqiba liphethe imigama ngompu shot. Omnye zinoboya "uTiger" waba 6-7 elinyukayo T-34, yaye amaMelika amanani lamatanki kwayo kwakunzima nakakhulu. Kakade ke, lo "ezingamashumi amathathu anesine" - umatshini ohlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi kwaba njalo nakubachasi yi-T-6. kanye kwakhona Oku kungqina ubuqhawe kunye nokuzinikela amajoni ethu.

Eyona engundoqo lobubi kumatshini

Eyona Ububi obukhulu ubunzima ephakamileyo ububanzi, iyenza nzima ukuthutha itanki kumaqonga kaloliwe eqhelekileyo ngaphandle preconditioning. Ngokumalunga kuthelekiswa isikrweqe emboxo "uTiger" yaye "Panther" kunye engile ubengo lwembono, xa kusenziwa T-6 usenalo a iqela elinamandla ngakumbi kwamatanki Soviet nozimanya ngeendleko kwamathandabuzo ngakumbi kakuhle. E T-5 ezikhuselweyo kakuhle kakhulu ukuhla nokunyuka ngokungqalileyo, kodwa ibhodi kunye nokutya ezo beziza ebalelelwe lilanga.

Yintoni ngakumbi, nkqu amandla iinjini ezimbini akwanelanga ukuba imoto onzima kwi ezimbi zomhlaba. Kwimihlaba Amathafa nje Elm. AmaMelika baze baqala combat ezizodwa amacebo "amahlosi": benyanzelekile flip nomkhosi German enzima ukusuka kwenye edge isabelo kwenye, nto leyo isibini iiveki, isiqingatha T-6 (ubuncinane) wazibonakalisa zizakulungiswa.

Nangona zonke iziphene, itanki isiJamani "uTiger", nto leyo eye ifoto kweli nqaku yaba ngumatshini wokulwa inzima kakhulu. Mhlawumbi, uthathela ingqalelo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, kodwa ivakale ilumeza ezitshiphu; kodwa zidlula apho, kuquka yethu, ukuze ibaleke njengobuchule indebe ezihloliweyo le "kati" liphezulu kakhulu.