Pioneer - Oovulindlela eSoviet Union yi ...

Uyazi na intsingiselo yegama elithi 'ukuba nguvulindlela'? kwenzeka njani? Umntu ekuthiwa? Le mibuzo neminye siza kuphendula kweli nqaku. Ababizwa ngokuba ngoovulindlela abathe ngxi. Nakuba kunjalo ngokuba sithuba zomkhosi okanye kolandelayo imikhosi kwe- omkhosi yoBukhosi Russian kwiinkulungwane XVIII-XIX kwaye amanye amazwe mihla (umzekelo, Germany).

Ukubiza igama elithi "vulindlela", umntu usenokuba wayecinga ilanga okanye sapper ithi German, okanye ijoni isigxina zolwakhiwo ezayame, zokusingatha iibhulorho, ukumba emaquleni, iindlela lenxaki njalo njalo. Ukanti ke babiza amalungu intshukumo Pioneer - amaqela abantwana yobukomanisi i-USSR kunye namanye amazwe yobusoshiyali, okudalwe imilinganiselo imisebenzi ubuchule.

inani

Ngokutsho lakwaEfrayim, lo vulindlela - nguye kuqala wenza indlela yakhe eya kwindawo entsha, unexplored okanye lizwe, waza waqalisa ukufunda kuyo. Ngoko ke lowo wabeka iziseko into entsha entsimini kwenkcubeko, ezenzululwazi okanye omnye msebenzi. Efremov ikholelwa ukuba oovulindlela zombini amalungu ukuyilwa wamaKomanisi abantwana njengoko amajoni kunye neeyunithi sapper amabutho zobunjineli. Ushakov betshisa na intsingiselo efanayo yeli gama. Xa lithi dictionary yeminyanya ukuba ngaphambili waphila njengoovulindlela amahashe.

imvelaphi

Ngoko kuthetha ntoni ukuba 'ngoovulindlela'? Igama kubolekwe wothetha Russian-labemi ulwimi French ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII waza wasetyenziswa ukuba lithetha "njengegorha unyawo joni." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ukutyhilwa uhlile kwimbali, yaye igama elithi "vulindlela" baqala ukubiza oovulindlela - abantu beza kwiindlela ezintsha.

Xa bagqiba Oktobha 1917 revolution eRashiya waqala ukudala amaqela abantwana nguvulindlela kaThixo, amalungu wayefuna ukuba ngowokuqala ezintweni zonke. Bafuna imisebenzi yabo kwezentlalo ukuhlahlela 'indlela eya unyulu ngomso. "

Amabutho yokuqala

Oovulindlela ... Ungubani na ke? Bonke-gama-namhla oovulindlela ingqalelo May 19, 1922. Kwangaloo mini, ngexesha 2 All-Russian Congress of the Young Communist League, kwagqitywa ukudala amaqela ngoovulindlela kwilizwe liphela. Umbutho odumileyo ukususela 1924 ibizwa ngegama V. I. Lenina. Ngo-1925, urhulumente ngokusesikweni iphephandaba "Pioneer inyaniso", nto leyo edla ngothando ngokuba "Pioneer".

Iiyunithi zokuqala krasnogalstuchnikov wenza kwi kwiziseko imbala kwi mveliso, kwi-ofisi, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekucoceni, ukunceda ukuphelisa nokubhala, ukujongana namakhaya. Ukuqalisa evela 1920. Le mibutho kuhonjiswe ezikolweni. Isikolo ngasinye siye squad nguvulindlela, yaye eklasini - party. Ngaba abe nguvulindlela phantse wonke umntwana iminyaka 9-10. Kumsitho kunikezelwa abantwana wafunga, sabhambathisa ukuba 'uphile, ukulwa yaye bafunde, njengoko ukudlulisela i uLenin enkulu, njengoko esifundiswa Communist Party. "

Pioneer - kuba luphawu leSoviet. Yena enxibe tie ebomvu (njengophawu lwe revolution iflegi obomvu), i icon kunye Isaci "Soloko ukulungele!" Kwaye imifanekiso yoko ilangatye lomlilo, iprofayili uLenin kunye inkwenkwezi-sisinge ezintlanu. Indawo olukhulu kwimisebenzi zamatakane awuthimba krasnogalstuchnoy umsebenzi zokhuselo-mkhosi: abongikazi neekomityi ezisekelwe, Abatoli abaselula, unxibelelwano, baqhuba ezemidlalo kunye umdlalo emkhosini.

motion

Ngaba ubusazi ukuba nguvulindlela - oku umzekelo bonke? Ngexesha Second World War eSoviet Union kwakukho wombutho ka Timur, igama negama yebali hero i "Timur kunye neqela lakhe", eyabhalwa ngu A. P. Gaydar. Oovulindlela ngendlela efanayo njengoko imveliso abalinganiswa kwanceda amajoni iintsapho abakhubazekileyo, abadala. Kweli xesha kwemfazwe timurovtsi kufuneka ukusekelwa kwiBolsheviks ubudala, iphepha inkunkuma eqokelelweyo kunye ezilahliweyo metal ebusika, ehlotyeni - imifuno, wanceda amagqala emfazwe, umsebenzi lokuvuna.

Kweli lizwe kwakukho inkqubo kumabhotwe (izindlu) uvulindlela ngezangqa ezahlukeneyo (technical, ezemidlalo, ubugcisa), kunye iinkampu nguvulindlela, apho abantwana ngexesha leeholide zabo zasehlotyeni. Iimpawu olufunekayo ebomini lwezithuba yokugcina kweentlanti kunye iingoma, ngokuhlwa kunye kusasa kaloliwe (zokwakha nazo zonke iiyunithi), ukunyuka nokwehla weflegi, imirhumo krasnogalstuchnikov (iintlanganiso enikelwe imixholo ezahlukeneyo yobuzwe). I 'Eaglet "yaye" Artek "kwiinkampu Young Pioneer kakuhle ingqalelo, leyo zazimi phezu kuLwandle Black. Pioneer ubudala yagqitywa kwiminyaka eli-14, yaye abantwana abaninzi wajoyina Komsomol.

Ukunyamalala

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba nguvulindlela - iqabane ethembekileyo. Ngelishwa, emva ukuwa lombutho emangalisayo USSR sele luza kugqitywa umsebenzi wayo. In Russia namhlanje kukho amaqela nguvulindlela, kodwa bambalwa kwaye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana. Xa nenani-1990. Iziseko ezithile zentlalo bazama indawo wanyamalala Scout Movement umbutho ebisebenza pre-olululo eRashiya, kodwa zange azise nayiphi na iziphumo.

publicism

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi babuze ukuba nguvulindlela. Inkcazo eli lizwi emehlweni abaninzi. Noko ke, uninzi iingoma kunye neencwadi ziye zabhalwa krasnogalstuchnikah USSR, iyaqhutywa, uninzi lwazo kungekho ixabiso yokuluka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abaphulaphuli wayemthanda ngokwenene comedy kweminquba zasehlotyeni "Namkelekile, owasemzini okanye igalelo vospreschon!".

Kwintetho namhlanje, ingakumbi abantu abadala, uyakwazi maxa wambi usiva ibinzana elithi "enguvulindlela (Pioneer)," oko kukuthi, "ukwenza into ukuyalwa, abathobelayo." Ke ibinzana elithi "Soloko ukulungele!" Ithetha imvume kunye nokuzimisela ukwenza nantoni na. In Soviet ubuntatheli krasnogalstuchnikov ekuthiwa abatsha Leninists (abaxhasi V. I. Lenina).

tie

Ngokusebenzisa ukuyilwa kwamajoni ezintsha abantwana ezazakhiwe ngenxa lizwe eSoviet. Abanye abazali aqatha abantwana ukuba babe ngoovulindlela, kodwa noko wangena mbutho. Kwakufuneka ndizifihle kubantu umama kunye notata amaqhina. Kwi-USSR, phantse bonke abantwana babe ngoovulindlela. kid lokuqala ukuya esikolweni, waza wabalelwa kwi Octobrists, emva koko ngekratshi liphakama inkwenkwezi yakhe esifubeni umzobo olugobileyo-iinwele inkwenkwe.

Xa umntwana ujika eli-9 ubudala, candidacy sakhe samkelwe unit ibandla, waza ke lunikezelwa oovulindlela. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ekupheleni kwesifundo, njengoko i "Isigaba sokugqibela lokusekwa lomfundi ngamnye," yena wamnikela Komsomol ibheji.

Wonke kwakufuneka banxibe nguvulindlela tie Pioneer. Waba yenziwe na ilaphu, kodwa kusoloko ukuba bomvu. Abafundi bakwazile ukwenza itayi iqhina ekhethekileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufika esikolweni kunye rumpled, iqhina layo ungxamile okanye ngaphandle kwayo, LITHILE lihlazo. wayesoloko Pioneer ukuba ukucoceka, icocekile, Sisihombo ukunxiba iisimboli umbutho.

Yintoni na eziphelweni ezintathu iqhina? Nangona sebekhomba loo umanyano oluluqilima kwizizukulwana ezithathu: ndawonye, Oovulindlela kunye namalungu Komsomol. Kwamanye amazwe, i zentshukumo isikhafu ebomvu apho ngaphandle naluphi na utshintsho (Moldova, Venezuela, North Korea, China, Cuba, Vietnam).

heroes

Oovulindlela Soviet, ndiwufezile feat ngexesha lokusekwa elalisakuba yiSoviet, Second World War, ebizwa amaqhawe.

imifanekiso yabo zazisetyenziswa eSoviet Union njengomzekelo yokuziphatha eliphezulu. Ngowe-1954, uluhlu ezisemthethweni heroes-oovulindlela sadalwa, kwaye yabhalwa iMbeko Book of All-Union Young Pioneer Umbutho ogama emva V. I. Lenina, ukuba ezo iqhotyoshelweyo yoviwo luka-Book of Bekani leeyunithi krasnogalstuchnikov yasekuhlaleni.

sempi

Edume Oovulindlela-Amaqhawe kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic? Sele kwiintsuku zokuqala Kwidabi Brest Fortress wazibalula Klypa Petya oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala - oqeqeshwe webutho zomculo. Oovulindlela abaninzi balwa amaNazi kumaqela ngokunomkhethe, ezibe Scouts kunye saboteurs, kwaye baqhube imisebenzi efihlakeleyo.

Kwezi kuzinze abaselula elidume Dubinin Volodya, Kazei uMarat, Golikov Lenya, uZhora Antonenko, uValya Kotik. Bonke baye bafa ekulweni kodwa Dubinina Volodi, ladubula phezu kwam. Ngamnye kubo, ngaphandle ongaphezu kobudala Golikova Loni, ngexesha lokufa iminyaka 13-14.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abafundi walwa kwi iiyunithi yomkhosi (njalo-ebizwa ngokuba 'neentombi kunye noonyana regiments "- eyaziwa ibali Kataeva Valentina" Nyana webutho ").

Aba vulindlela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic abonisa iimpawu babo ekulweni. Ngoko ke, kunyaka-15 ubudala Chekmak Vilor iindleko ubomi bakhe esichengeni ukuze asindise ngamava ngokunomkhethe of Sevastopol. Lo mfana imeko intliziyo, yena umntwana, kodwa ngowe-1941, ngo-Agasti, waya ehlathini kunye kuzinze. Waye ekuthiwa ngoNovemba 10, ngoko ke kuqala ukubona asondelayo kwecala sazela. Vilor ivolovolo walumkisa malunga bahlaselwa luqalile, omnye wathabatha ukulwa fascists. Xa ziphelelwe emthethweni yena, wayewulindele iintshaba ziya kusondela ngakumbi kuye, bevuthela ngezigodlo yena kunye a amaNazi ephoswa. Vilor wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kumagqala elalini Dergachi, kufuphi Sevastopol.

Okukhona benza oovulindlela enkulu? Ke iinqanawa amakhwenkwe beenqanawa wakhonza ngasemva yiSoviet usebenza kwi mveliso, ngokubuyisela abadala baya ngaphambili, wathabatha inxaxheba wokhuselo yoluntu.

Kwisikhululo Obol (kummandla Vitebsk) umbutho Komsomol komhlaba "abaphindezeli Young" zadalwa. Lwaphumelela phayona Portnova Zina, wajoyina ezintlwini Komsomol phantsi komhlaba, babulawa ngamaNazi kunye Hero eSoviet Union kokufa imbasa isihloko.

Amashumi amawaka abantu abaselula Ikhutshelwa merit umkhosi:

• Order of the Red Banner bawongwa - Yuliy Kantemirov, Dubinin Volodya, Makarikhin Andrey, uKonstantin Kravchuk Kamanin Arkady ;
• Order of Lenin - Vitya Korobkov, Shumov Tolya, Kaznacheev Volodya, Lenya Golikov Chekalin uAleksandr;
• Order of the Red Star - Samoruha Volodya Efremov Alex, Andrianov Vanya, Ankinovich Lenya, Kovalenko Vitya, Kamanin Arkady (kabini);
• Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree - potter Valery, Klypa linguPete, Kovalov Sasa.

amakhulu oovulindlela zanikwa imbasa 'ngokunomkhethe IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ", ngaphezulu kwama-15 000 - imbasa" ndimiselwe ukuziphendulela iLeningrad ", kwama-20 000 mbasa" ukuziphendulela eMoscow ".

Hero eSoviet Union ziye zanikwa oovulindlela ezintlanu: Golikov Lenya, uValya Kotik, Kazei uMarat, Portnova Zina, Chekalin Alexander. Uninzi ekuliwa abaselula wabulala edabini okanye babulawa amaJamani. Isethi amagama abantwana ezihluphekayo zabandakanywa kwi-"Book of Imbeko ye-All-Union Young Pioneer Umbutho ogama emva V. I. Lenina", waziphakamisa ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla "Oovulindlela-Amaqhawe".