Ukuzama on uLenin. Fanny Kaplan. imbali Secret

Ibali amaxesha ezingenakubalwa kubonisa ukuba inkokeli yezopolitiko, nto leyo isalityaziswa ixesha elide ngamandla, yaye ikhuthaza kuphazamiseka ezinkulu, ukuvukelwa utshintsho, kungekudala uba lixhoba lathatyathwa abachasi akuvumelani kangakanani nezi zifundo ekhethiweyo. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov - ihlabathi-edumileyo, inkokeli edume ye revolution, kwakungekho ngaphandle, njengokuba uHitler, Stalin, Pinochet kunye namanye amanani kwesigele zembali. On ubomi bakhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo umthetho abo bungayelelani ikhondo lezopolitiko ezikhethiweyo kunye nendlela esisetyenziswa ngayo.

Wodumo Kaplan?

Ukuzama on Lenin, esenzeka ngowe-1918, nangona oko akuzange kuncede, kodwa balibhengeza. Esi isiganeko ayichazwa kwiincwadi ezininzi imbali, yaye njengoko izinto eziphambili kukho bebonakalise uNks Kaplan ethile - ukuzibulala bomber oneminyaka engama-28 ubudala. Uye kufezwa kwiinzame akuphumelelanga kwi uLenin kukhokelele kwinto yokuba le ntwazana babanjwa baza babulawa emva kweentsuku ezi-3 emva kokuba isehlo. Kodwa ababhali-mbali abaninzi bathandabuze ukuba zonke Kaplan ungacinga kwaye bahlele. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwisangqa abo mhlawumbi ungabandakanyeka kwi kokugwintwa, oko uboniswa kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, nobuntu Fanny Kaplan umdla omkhulu zombini mbali zobungcali nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

ULenin: ibhayografi emfutshane

Umntu owaba inkokeli mbuso waza wenza imisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko inkxaso ezinamandla, sibonga ngalo ndaqonda revolution ka-1917 , eRashiya, wazalwa ngo 1870. Wazalelwa Simbirsk. umkhuluwa wakhe, Alexander, eyayingafuni ukuba urhulumente tsarist. Ngowe-1987 yena inxaxheba kokugwintwa ukuzama ayiphumelelanga Alexander III. Oku zinefuthe kakhulu indawo kwezopolitiko elizayo Vladimir.

Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo basekuhlaleni, Ulyanov-uLenin wagqiba ukubhalisa kwi-Faculty of Law kwiYunivesithi Kazan. Kulapho uqala umsebenzi wakhe wonke. Yena sixhasa ngamandla walapho "Narodnaya Volya", apho ngelo xesha wavalwa ngokomthetho ngabasemagunyeni. Nokuthatha inxaxheba nayiphi zoqhankqalazo umfundi kwakhona ekubeni umfundi Volodya Lenin. biography emfutshane ungqina izifundo zaseyunivesithi iphela naye ndigxothwe ngaphandle angqongqo efanayo efanelekileyo ngelo xesha ubume 'umntu ongathembekanga ".

Isigaba yophuhliso iingcamango zezopolitiko

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa eyunivesithi, wabuyela Kazan. Ngowe-1888, Ulyanov-Lenin uba lilungu elinye kwizangqa Marxist. Lakhe ukwazi yezopolitiko ekugqibeleni emva kokufunda imisebenzi Engels, Plekhanov kunye Marx.

It uphantsi kweempembelelo imisebenzi wahlola Lenin, i-revolution leyo kwabonakala ndlela kuphela ukuphelisa kolawulo Tsarist, ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintsha iimbono zabo zopolitiko. Of populist ngokucacileyo, zibe zentlalo-lwentando yesininzi.

Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov waqalisa ukuphuhlisa imodeli yayo zezopolitiko karhulumente, leyo ekugqibeleni uza kwaziwa noLenin. Malunga nelo xesha eqalisa ukulungiselela elibonakalayo ye revolution nokukhangela Odnodum kunye nabancedisi ekwenzeni yazibandakanya d'AFP. Kweli thuba ukususela kuma-1893 ukuya 1895. Yena ngenkuthalo ipapasha umsebenzi wayo uphando, nto leyo ichaza imfuneko, umyalelo omtsha yobusoshiyali.

itshantliziyo Young uphaka umsebenzi onamandla ngokuchasene lobuzwilakhe tsarist, apho 1897 wathumela ekuthinjweni kangangonyaka. Kuyo yonke nezithintelo kunye nezithintelo, ngoxa isigwebo sakhe, waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe. Ngoxa esekuthinjweni, Ulyanov imiqondiso ngokusemthethweni nomfazi wakhe yoluntu - Krupskaya.

period mbuso

Ngowe-1898 yazenzela nkongolo ebaluleke yokuqala Social Democratic Party. Le ntlanganiso ibibanjwe emfihlekweni. Oku kuphelela nguLenin, yaye, nangona inxaxheba kulo wathabatha abantu 9 kuphela, kukholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni utshintsho kweli lizwe. Nale nkongolo yokuqala kwiminyaka engama-20 bathatha indawo revolution ka-1917 eRashiya.

Kweli xesha ka 1905-1907., Xa kuthwalelwa phandle umntu ubunzima lilinge lokuqala aninakulitshitshisa etroneni yokumkani, Ulyanov yayimi eSwitzerland, kodwa kukho iye yasebenzisana nabavukeli Russian. Ukuze ixesha elifutshane wada wakwazi ukubuyela eSt Petersburg wakhokela mbuso. Ekupheleni kuka-1905, Vladimir Ilyich waba e Finland, apho wadibana ne Stalin.

Rise amandla

kwixesha elilandelayo, uLenin wabuyela eRashiya kuphela ezibulala 1917. Ngoko nangoko uba intloko kwimvukelo elandelayo isaqhuma. Emva mdibi ekwakukudala lilindelwe consummated, onke amandla olawulo ludlulele ezandleni Ulyanov wakhe yamaBolshevik Party.

Ekubeni ukumkani sisusiwe, eli lizwe kufuneka urhulumente omtsha. Baba Council of Commissars Abantu, nto leyo intloko nguLenin ngempumelelo. Kanye ngamandla, ngokwemvelo aqale ukwenza iinguqu, apho abanye baye buhlungu kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo - i nep, ukutshintshwa ubuKristu entsha, "ukholo" single - ubukomanisi. Wadala lo Red Army, leyo inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Civil de kube ngowe-1921.

Amanyathelo okuqala eli urhulumente omtsha sixabana ngqwabalala yaye ingcinezelo. Le mfazwe yamakhaya, leyo kusiliwa imvelaphi kuyo, phantse 1922. Kwakubuhlungu ngokwenene yaye wamagazi. Bamelene abaphikisana evela kolawulo yiSoviet, baqonde ukuba nje balahle kwinkokeli ezifana Vladimir Ilyich, wena awukwazi, waza waqalisa ukulungiselela imizamo uLenin.

Inani imizamo

Imizamo ukunciphisa Ulyanov kumandla ngenkani zenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-1918 ukusa ngo-1919 yaye kwiminyaka elandelayo, V. I. Lenina wazama ukubulala izihlandlo eziliqela. Lilinge lokuqala babona nje emva kokuba iiBolsheviks ukumbamba amandla, oko kukuthi, i-01.01.1918. Ngale mini, malunga ezidlulileyo ezisixhenxe sisiqingatha ngokuhlwa emotweni,, awazigqogqayo Ulyanov wazama ukudubula.

Xa ingozi, kule hambo, uLenin wayengekho yedwa. Yena wayehamba Maria Ulyanova, kwakunye njengommeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle Swiss Social Democrats - Fritz Platten. Eli lilinge kakhulu kwi uLenin akuphumelelanga, kuba emva kokuba shot yokuqala, Platten isandla waguqa intloko yakhe Vladimira Ilicha. Ngelo xesha yena walimala Fritz, kwaye inkokeli revolution eSoviet lo ngokupheleleyo ayiphazamiseki. Phezu kwayo nje ukucinga eside gculeli, abanqolobi imbi. Kuphela kwiminyaka emininzi kamva a GI Shakhovskoy wavuma ukuba wenza njengoko ngumququzeleli ukugwintwa. Ukuba ngelo xesha elubhacweni, yena waxhasa kuhlasela owabelwe ukulungiselela yayo phezu lokwaba ixesha - phantse kwesiqingatha sesigidi engange.

ubhedu ongafezekanga

Emva kokuba imvume kwamandla eSoviet zonke iqela, kwaye kwacaca ukuba lo rhulumente mtsha akuthethi eziwisa, kodwa yena uya kuhlala ideologue yakhe oyintloko - Lenin. Ukuzama ngo-1918, ezilungiselelwe yi-Union of Knights of St. George, ayiphumelelanga ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Ngenye imini ngoJanuwari e CPC wathetha Spiridonov usapho umntu, ngubani yaqalisa omnye Knights St George. Wathi ukuba intlangano yakhe ayabele kuyo umsebenzi okhethekileyo - ukuzingela phantsi bambulale Lenin. Ngokutsho sosha, kuba yi-20 amawaka. Wathenjiswa engange.

Emva kokuchitha kokundigocagoca Spiridonov, amagosa zokhuseleko wafumana indawo esembindini ngayo izindlu ze-Union Knights of St. George laza latyelela bakhe kwesigunyaziso search. Kukho revolvers afunyanwa iziqhushumbisi, yaye ngenxa oku inyaniso yamagama akukho Spiridonov kwamathandabuzo.

Ukuzama rob inkokeli

Ethetha amalinge amaninzi kwi ubomi Ulyanov, kufuneka ukhumbule isihlandlo luthintithayo kwenzeka Vladimirom Ilichom ngowe-1919. iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni ibali bagcinwa kwi Lubyanka ngo №240266, ndiyityhilele iinkcukacha zayo balelwa ngokungqongqo. Xa abantu, esi siganeko iye yaziwa ngokuba uLenin ukuphanga, yaye uninzi izibakala kulo Kusekho nto kakuhle. Kukho Iinguqulelo eziliqela oko kwenzekayo ngobo busuku. Winter 1919 uLenin kunye nodade wabo kunye umqhubi kwakuhamba e Sokolniki. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, apho, esibhedlele, waba ngumkakhe, unale isifo esinganyangekiyo ngelo xesha - an thyroiditis sokuhlasela. Kanye ngexesha ukuba kwisibhedlele uLenin saya kwi-19 Januwari.

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, waya Sokolniki emthini abantwana weKrismesi Siyavuyisana abantwana Eva Christmas. Kulo mzekelo, kusenokubonakala wasemzini ukuze ukuba ideologue oyintloko yobukomanisi Soviet, akekho waza wagqiba Siyavuyisana abantwana iKrismesi, nayo ngoJanuwari 19. Kodwa biographers ezininzi kule ukudideka kubalelwa ekubeni kunyaka odlulileyo, eRashiya wafudukela ikhalenda kaGregorian, yaye yonke imihla zaye kwatshintsha ukuya kwiintsuku eziyi-13. Ngoko ke, uLenin waya emthini kweKrismesi neze-19, kwaye inani 6, ngosuku olwandulela iKrismesi.

Emotweni kunye inkokeli waya Sokolniki yaye xa ngesiquphe bazama ukunqanda abantu axhobileyo ngokucacileyo inkangeleko thuggish, akukho namnye kwabo babekho kule moto kwakukho Akuthandabuzeki ukuba kukho omnye imizamo uLenin. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umqhubi - S. Gill - bazama ukuba ndiqale ungasabeli bobubi abaxhobileyo. Okuphoxayo kukuba, uLenin, ukuba ngexesha iza igunya lakhe nokuba izaphuli eziqhelekileyo iya nabuganga kwebala, ndakuqonda ukuba uLenin yena phambi kwabo, wayalela umqhubi ukuba ayeke.

Ilyich ngenkani amrholela ngaphandle elorini isithuthi, ukukho kuye pistols ezimbini, nabaphangi wathabatha isipaji sakhe, ID kunye Browning. Emva koko wayalela umqhubi ukuba ushiye imoto waziphosa imoto abagxotha. Ngaphandle kokuba uLenin wamthiya igama lakhe, ngenxa elikhulu yokusebenza isiBeki emotweni yakhe zange ukubamba ezihangeni. Babecinga ukuba nazo ezinye umthengisi Levin. Zindijikelezile abaphangi kuphela kwexesha, xa baqalisa ukunyanga amaxwebhu athatha.

Wabakhokela liqela ngozi amasela 'igunya uYakobi esipajini. Ngobo busuku, inkampani izicwangciso inkunzi indlu enkulu kunye igumbi Arbat. Ukwenza lemigulukudu ecwangcisiweyo kufuneka imoto, kwaye bagqiba ukuphuma nje, ukubamba ngowokuqala kumkhawulela imoto ebe nayo. Kwenzeka ukuba le yokuqala endleleni yabo, bahlangana imoto Vladimira Ilicha.

Kuphela emva kokuba ukuphanga, kokuba ufunde ngenyameko amaxwebhu ibiweyo, babona umntu iqhekeziwe, kwaye njengoko ixesha emva kokuba kwenzeka kancinane, bagqiba kwelokuba abuyele. Kukho kwinguqulo izipaji, eqonda ukuba uLenin waba phambi kwakhe, yena wafuna ukubuya bambulale. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, inkokeli nesabasilaleleyo efuna ukuthatha nabafo abazizibambiso, ukuba yanane urhwebo kuba ke amabanjwa kunye naye kweli entolongweni Butyrka. Kodwa ezo zicwangciso baya ziyeka. Ngexesha elifutshane, uLenin kunye umqhubi ukuhamba kwiBhunga yengingqi, waziswe ngesi siganeko le Cheka, yaye umbandela imizuzu kukhuseleko Vladimir Ilyich wakhululwa. Koshelkova hlasi June 21, 1919. Ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe, abatoli kunye umpu wafa kungekudala emva koko.

edume Kaplan

Umzamo kakhulu edumileyo Lenin, ukuba ukuwa umhla kwi 30.08.1918, kwakukho emva intetho yakhe isityalo Moscow Michelson. ezintathu shot efile senziwa, kwaye eli xesha iimbumbulu hit the uLenin. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, bebhekise ejoliswe wenza Fanny Kaplan, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "eserovkoy ukuzibulala". Lo mzamo kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni abantu abaninzi uphazamisekile ubomi uLenin, ekubeni ukulimala isiphumo babengabafundi ngokwenene. Imbali simkhumbula umgrogrisi Kaplan wadubula yinkokeli. Kodwa namhlanje, xa biography of Lenin kunye noogxa bakhe bafunda ngenyameko, iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga ngembali ukugwintwa ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga. Kukho umbuzo wokuba ingaba okanye hayi wadubula Kaplan.

Background Brief Historical

Le ntombazana wazalwa kwi Ukraine kwi kummandla Volyn ngo-1890. Uyise wakhe wasebenza njengomfundisi kwisikolo samaYuda, nentombi iminyaka ukuya ku-16 ubudala wanxiba igama lakhe - Roydman. Wayeyindoda kakhulu nenkolo sengqondo enyamezelayo kakhulu sengqondo ngegunya, awaba nako baye bacinga ukuba enye yeentombi zakhe ngonaphakade ukhetha umendo konya.

Abazali Kaplan emva kwexesha elithile bafudukela eMelika, waza walitshintsha igama lakhe, waza waqalisa ukusebenzisa iinombolo zepasipoti yomnye umntu. Zishiywe, ejoyina ye'Bolsheviks kwaye iqala inxaxheba kumzabalazo olululo. Amaninzi ukuthi ukwenza nokuthuthwa iincwadi zezifundo. Ukongeza, Kaplan oselula kwafuneka sithwale izinto ezininzi kakhulu, ezifana ukuqhushumba. Ngexesha lolu hambo, yena Wagcinwa unogada yobukumkani, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu Fanny i minor, endaweni ukudubula, waze wagwetywa ukuba yokuthutha ebomini.

Ukuqwalasela Kaplan njengoko umntu esiphambili imizamo Lenin, kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba intombazana waneengxaki umbono ezinkulu (ukuba amandla kamva abaphandi abaninzi uthandabuze ingaba ukwenza ibinzwe ngesandla echanileyo ibhinqa kakuhle isiqingatha-blind). Ngokutsho komnye iinguqulelo ezikhoyo, yena waqala ukuphelelwa ebusweni bakhe emva hit yi kukuqhushumba ukuqhushumba ekhaya, nto leyo yenziwa kunye nomyeni wayo iliso kwi kwigumbi komhlaba. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, Fanny waqalisa ukuya oyimfama ngenxa amanxeba kwintloko, nemali leyo efumaneka sele phambi kokubanjwa kwakhe. iingxaki Eye babengabafundi kangangokuba Kaplan ukukhonza nzima, wada wafuna ukuzibulala.

Emva ukuxolelwa okungalindelekanga 1917 yena ufumene inkululeko kudala-dala elindiwe kwaye waya kwenye iiholide ka eCrimea ukuphucula impilo yabo emva koko wahamba ngenxa utyando eKharkov. Emva koko, okuthiwa umbono wayo wabuyiselwa.

Ngoxa esekuthinjweni, Fanny waba obukhulu eserkami babevalelwe. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iimbono zakhe ziye zatshintsha kwi zentlalo-lwentando yesininzi. Iindaba ze-Oktobha Revolution, wavuma uthumo, nezenzo ngakumbi kwiBolsheviks sidaniswe yakhe. Endzhakunyana ubungqina bakhe phantsi kophando, Kaplan uthi ingcamango ukubulala uLenin njenge umngcatshi kwi Revolution watyelela wakhe emva eCrimea.

Emva e Moscow, wadibana kunye SRs uxoxe nabo ithuba zinzame lokubulawa.

umzamo engaqhelekanga

Usuku sibi-Agasti 30, 1918 eSt Petersburg wabulawa M. Uritsky - sihlalo Cheka. ULenin baziswe ngayo ngomnye lokuqala, wababongoza ukuba bashiye emiboniso kwizicwangciso kwisityalo Michelson. Kodwa ukungawuthobeli lo isilumkiso waza waya kusebenza kunye intetho ngaphandle naluphi na ukhuselo.

Emva kokugqitywa intetho yakhe, uLenin esiya emotweni, xa ngequbuliso isihlwele weva izithonga ezintathu. Ukuya ekuqaleni isiphithiphithi Wagcinwa Kaplan, njengoko omnye esihlweleni apho, yankqangaza ukuba agxothwe. Umfazi wabanjwa, waza wakhanyela uMthendeleko yakhe yokuqala isiganeko, uze emva koko, ngexesha ngemibuzo elandelayo kwi iKGB, ngesiquphe wavuma. Ngexesha uphando emfutshane oko ipasisiwe nayiphi na amahlakani kunokwenzeka kwaye kubangwe ukuba uhlaselo amalungiselelo ngokwakho.

wakrokrela kukuba ukongeza ukuqaphela kakhulu Fanny asiyo ngqina linye ababeza sibonile ukuba agxothwe. Ngelo xesha nokuvalelwa kwezixhobo xa nazo. Kuphela 5 iintsuku bazisa umpu kwi Cheka omnye abasebenzi izityalo, okuthiwa bamfumana eyadini. Iimbumbulu emzimbeni uLenin kaThixo isuswe ngoko nangoko, kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa. Kwaba ngoko watyhila ukuba ubukhulu ayikho ncam iyafana uhlobo umpu ethathwe njengobungqina. Ingqina iphambili kweli tyala, umqhubi Ilyich, ekuqaleni wathi wabona umfazi wakhe shot ngesandla, kodwa ubungqina bakhe ngexesha lophando walitshintsha malunga 5 amaxesha. Caplan yena wavuma ukuba wadubula malunga 20:00, kodwa iphephandaba "PRAVDA" apapasha inkcazelo ukuba imizamo inkokeli senziwa ngo 21:00. Lo mqhubi wathi kuhlasela malunga 23:00.

Ezi kunye nezinye iimpazamo ezininzi kuba namhlanje bacinga ukuba ngokwenene ukuhlasela edume iye wawungenakucetywa iiBolsheviks. Summer 1918 waphawulwa nentlekele okuphawulekayo kwaye urhulumente ezilahlekileyo igunya layo iyaxokozela. Olo imizamo inkokeli wenze kube lula Kunokusuka zolawulo ngokunxunguphala nxamnye Socialist-njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, eqala nephulo leMfazwe Civil.

Kaplan zigqitywe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, oko wadutyulwa ngoSeptemba 3, Lenin wahlala ngokonwaba de 1924.