Mackintosh mboniso kwi yesicelo: "Le imanifesto isimbo esitsha"

Mackintosh ngokoqobo ubonakalisa yonke ungubani British usebenzo ubugcisa nouveau bokwakha. Scot ngokuzalwa, wamtshabalalisa ubomi bakhe bonke ekwenzeni vutshila byo ilizwe labo edumileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mboniso kwi Moscow yesicelo wabeka kuphela obukhulu kakhulu ebonakalayo. Isebenza abaculi, cishe abakroli kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, elaziwa emhlabeni.

Umboniso ongaqhelekanga, photo

Amagumbi Intsika-One Chamber of kwamadoda Palace wabonakala izitulo oqingqiweyo ka eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo nezimbo. Ezindongeni eziwileyo imizobo kunye nezifundo ezingaqhelekanga.

Ngakubo landscapes ngendlela ngendlela esengqiqweni.

Umahluko phakathi modernity kunye nokufunxwa ngaphandle kwexesha kunokubonwa nganye inkosi Scottish.

Ngenxa zithiwe yokuqala ekusondeleni mboniso, lo mboniso wagcinwa kwelinye kule lesikhumbuzo zokwakha, apho le miboniso kakuhle kwi yesicelo. Omnye-Intsika Chamber, alondolozwe ukususela ngenkulungwane XVII, akhethe kuba kwiholo yombhiyozo. Umoya kweziko mboniso likwancedisa umsebenzi Mackintosh.

Art British eRussia

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, umboniso ogama yavulwa eMoscow - an nani ebalaseleyo nokuba baqhele zonke izinto ezingaqhelekanga British. The Gallery of Modern Art Tate Modern ikhulu ambalwa lwemizobo ngokungaqhelekanga, imifanekiso nezinto zokuhombisa. Yaye abahlali Russia ngokufuthi bencoma ubuchule zoqobo, isimbo sengqiqweni nobudala. Akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kukuba mboniso Macintosh kwi yesicelo waba yakhawuleza kubalandeli zobugcisa kunye bokwakha.

UCharles wazalwa kude 1868, waza wafa ngo-1928. Ngoxa yakhe yakwazi ukubona kunye nezomhlaba, imfazwe kunye kwamanye amazwe. Ezinye iinkalo zobomi akhe abonakala imisebenzi lombhali.

Ummeli we-Arts School, leyo kungokunje kwisixeko sezoshishino Glasgow, Scotland McIntosh bamdumisa iminyaka ezayo. Nouveau ngokoqobo uyaphila phantsi izixhobo zakhe zokuzoba. Waba entsha waza waqalisa ukuba badlale kunye nentsingiselo entsha.

Wayephila ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye wasebenza de kuhlangana iindidi ezininzi zobugcisa.

Modern ngokutsha

Mackintosh wanikela modernity umoya yesibini, leyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini waqalisa eside ngokwayo. Artist ngu ubizo, Wahlanganisa ngempumelelo yafaka zibukeke.

Ukwenza zefanitshala uyilo okanye elikhokeleyo ibrashi phezu ngelaphu, McIntosh, ogama bonisa ithandwa kangaka, ayizange ndinxunguphale ngeendlela ezintsha, edibanisa imibala. Kunye nezinto azithiye indalo mtsha, esenza ke elowo emsebenzini wakhe wahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Saba iphefumlelwe eziphambili iimilo zejiyometri.

Phambi Mackintosh art owayephila ngelo xesha kwakukho uhlobo olwahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuba ethandwayo ngelo xesha, umakhi isimbo iyathandwa unanamhla. Esi ngokuncedisana esikolweni mihla yamandulo, ukulinga namasiko ayikwazanga zimelwe ngcono kunye umboniso incwadi yesicelo.

Ngubani na lo Mac?

EScotland, uyise modernity ekuthiwa uCharles Rennie Mackintosh. italente Artistic baqaphela nokuba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, apho kudityaniswe izifundo ngokuhlwa kwi-School of Art Glasgow. Ngamakhono zakhe ezibalaseleyo, uCharles wafumana imali eyongezelelweyo, nto leyo eyamnceda ukuze aye Italy kunye neFransi. Kula mazwe, oko kuchaziwe obukhulu izakhiwo, ezikhumbuzo kunye nemizobo. Xa wabuyela lweenkobe eSkotlani wakhe, Mackintosh uye wagqiba into ayifunayo ebomini, baqala ukubathwala ngaphandle iphupha.

Akazange alibazise ukusebenza nje efana draftsman eqinile bokwakha zasekuhlaleni, apho kamva waba umnikazi. Sele 1893 kwakukho iprojekthi emangalisayo yokuqala Charles Tower "Glasgow Herald". UCharles watshata ofunda evela kwiSikolo Art and wahlala naye ubomi onwabile.

Nangona ukuba iYurophu uthathe umsebenzi wakhe ngodlamko, inkalipho kwi wezakhiwo endala British abazange bayiqonde.

Genius yaba lilungu le qela lamagcisa ngokuba "abacula." Le kwasekwa iqela ngexesha leminyaka umfundi, Charles. Kuye yabhalwa umhlobo wakhe Gerbert Makneyr, kunye noodade ababini, uFrances kunye uMargaret Macdonald. "Glasgow Style" Sisonke, bakha ngesimbo entsha ngokupheleleyo kuyilo ebizwa.

Ke kaloku lo mboniso uCharles Rennie Mackintosh - oku kuyinto brand kwaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Makintoshizm

UCharles Mackintosh wazama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakhe. Lowo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwafika isimbo ukuba nzima ukuba kuthiwe umntu. Okokuqala, abahlalutyi ukusebenza indlela ebizwa ngokuba 'ngaphakathi phandle "uze baqamba" Makintoshizmom ".

Zonke izakhiwo ezilungiselelwe Charles kufuneka ibe khona ngokuvisisana nohombisoa langaphakathi, ifanitshala. Indlu ngokwayo kunye izinto kulo ekubeni umzimba mnye.

umsebenzi wakhe esebenza kakhulu, akukho-ububhanxa, ezintle kunye nemilo ezintle. Ukuba Charlz Makintosh, lowo mboniso nayo iyafumaneka ngoku Russian, elikhokelwa ngendlela entsha eyakhayo Art Nouveau, kunye imigca ngqongqo ngokwezibalo ngqo kunye nokwakha engaqhelekanga.

umsebenzi wezakhiwo

Iprojekthi Glasgow Mackintosh wakha izakhiwo ezininzi. umsebenzi wakhe lula ukuluqonda. Ukongeza, ukuba ukongeza iintlobo bendawo ngempumelelo.

Izakhiwo idumileyo Macintosh:

• ukwakha ikhaya labucala Hill House;
• Native Macintosh School of Art;
• isikolo yendawo e Glasgow;
• amagumbi tea willow;
• Church of Queens Cross.

Ezi zakhiwo ngandlel efanayo sivala. UCharles swi kanye ngqo kule modeli ukugxininisa nakubugcisa ukubayinxalenye izithethe Scotland.

Mackintosh wayengoyiki okuxuba kwizakhiwo zentsimbi zabo, iglasi, eziphathekayo.

Nefanitshala ezivela mqambi

ukuyila olukhulu womzobi kunye artist, akavumelekanga ukuba ayeke khona.

Yena waqala ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zobugcisa. Emva izisombululo ngempumelelo bokwakha, izakhiwo zasezidolophini Mackintosh wayithabatha up ifanitshala. Mac mboniso kwi yesicelo bokubonisa abaphulaphuli Russian iisampulu umsebenzi wakhe.

iqhekeza ngalinye ifenitshala, eyenziwe umyili, wahlukile. I enjalo yesibini ayikho. UCharles wazihombisa izitulo zabo kunye neetafile zesilivere, yenziwe nabo ngesinyithi, Bathiwe wambu lwawo okanye ifakwe kuzo anemibala.

Design buchopho

Ukongeza izindlu ifanitshala kunye noyilo, wadala nomzobo imizobo, impahla elukiweyo, ngeefestile, iifestile zeglasi emnyango, maziko kunye iiyure. Ukuhombisa iindonga emakhayeni abo, weza kunye ngomshini, yaye yaba uphawu yakhe. Ikakhulu I bahombise zonke roses, leyo bafuzisela umbhali.

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba uCharles Mackintosh beqabe iibhodi phandle kunye neepowusta. Wayesebenza ngokuyilwa ngenxa amatikiti, ntengiso njalo njalo.

UMyili weza kunye ifonti yakhe utyikityo. unobumba ngamnye, sajika kubo, ngoko ke kuthathwa umsebenzi wobugcisa.

imizobo

McIntosh akazange eze womzobo njengesiqhelo. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, waba nomdla ngakumbi ezinokwakheka kuka-ntathu ukuba akwazi ukwakha.

Xa ebudaleni ngexesha lokuqala indawo lusiba umzobo kwi ibrashi. Kwiminyaka yakhe enkenenkene, ngokubonakalayo Charles epeyintwe komhlaba, kusekho lifes. Konke oku kwenziwa watercolors, e, isimbo lakhe lula ukuluqonda.

mizobo umyili ezibaluleke ngakumbi, kuba zadalwa abaninzi kangaka, yaye ngamnye ngemizobo yakhe ingqalelo impahla karhulumente eSkotlani kunye UK liphela.

Yintoni ukubona kwi komboniso?

Le myuziyam e Glasgow ayikwazanga not translate obukhulu bobugcisa Macintosh kwaye kuphela ukuba imisebenzi ezincinane, kodwa akukho ngaphantsi yebhongo.

Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa njengoko avuleke eziphambili lo mboniso:

• Macintosh picture zipeyintwe umhlaba lemifanekiso of Scotland;
• Ifanitshala unique, njengoko izitulo neetafile;
• izibuko;
• Esampuli ngaphakathi;
• kokuwanika ngamagama umbhali odumileyo kaThixo;
• izibane.

Eyona nto iyimbalasane kule minikelo kwaziswa imiba ngaphakathi, nto leyo yenza McIntosh lokwenza ii-odolo ngabantu Glasgow kunye emizini ejikelezileyo. Kule gumbi kukho itafile, isitulo okanye esipilini, eziveliswe kuyilo yayo. Bonke kunye kudala sisincoko njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wakho umbhali. Kwakhona eRashiya babuyiselwa kwaye ezinye iindidi impahla evela salon iti kwi indlela Chinese.

Ngaphandle ngokulandelelana eyenzelwe ifanitshala ezinzileyo engqongqo ilahlekelwa lixabiso layo ubugcisa njengento into art. Ngoko ke, xa mboniso wadalwa Macintosh kwi yesicelo, abafika bevela iindwendwe eSkotlani yacebisa ngokucokisekileyo oogxa Russian.

Ngelishwa, ezinye izinto ezazifanele ukuba abe phezu show, iye ubunzima ngexesha emlilweni. E Glasgow, ilunyekwa ekudalweni Macintosh, i-School of Arts. Sakhe mater Alma. Abameli School ebekumele ukuba adlulisele ezinye iikopi zeencwadi Charlza Renni Mackintosh ukuba mboniso kwi yesicelo Museum, kodwa ayaba nako ngenxa ntlekele.

Bakuva oko, abameli mboniso e Moscow baye nabonakalisa uvelwano zabo kwaye siyathemba ukuba isikolo liya kuba nako kwakhona ngokukhawuleza siqhubeke ukusebenza abarhwebi zabo kwixa elizayo.

Palace solusapho, okanye mandithi Ntsika yayo Chamber, nto leyo iye yasingatha wayetyelele mboniso, ukholose impumelelo yayo. Le show sele inkqubo lonke uthotho imiboniso ukuba ubanjwe neemyuziyam ze-yesicelo eMoscow. Abaququzeleli kumboniso kuqhubeka ukwenza icebo lakhe. Bafuna ukwazisa Muscovites kunye neendwendwe esixeko kunye nabameli ubalaseleyo kunye ezibalaseleyo yehlabathi yobugcisa namhlanje kunye kwinkulungwane edluleyo.

Intsika-One Chamber, emva iinzame ezininzi, ekugqibeleni kwakhona ngo-2005. Ngelo xesha linye yona kwixesha lokuqala yagqiba ukuba le holo ukuze kwimiboniso. Kuphela umboniso ilungileyo eMoscow afike apho.

Imbumba - ilitye lesikhumbuzo lokwenyaniso izakhiwo yoluntu, nto leyo eza kuthi iintshaba zakho ezinzulwini ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Ngexesha ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo 200th lwe ubukho lwembali yesicelo kule sakhiwo kwaku umboniso grand imbeko uMlawuli Russian kunye Izikrweqe.

Abaqeshwa Russian Museum bavuya kakhulu ithuba lokuba abeke kwindawo yayo isebenza Mackintosh. Mackintosh mboniso kwi yesicelo waqalisa umsebenzi wayo.