Portland isamente - ntoni na? Brand, ukucaciswa

Enye yeyona ixhaphakileyo zesamente iintlobo ze kwimixube eziphathekayo - Portland. Leyo isetyenziswa njani, yintoni iimpawu kuye, khangela le mibuzo kunye nangaphezulu ngezantsi.

isakhiwo

Ukuba nasiphi na isixhobo sokwakha, kudinga wabeka phambili amacandelo nezithi zikhuphe Portland isamente. GOST 10178-85 "Portland isamente kunye zeBlack" ilawula ukwakhiwa kunye nomgangatho izithako olu hlobo Umatshini:

• Cement clinker nge iqhezu mass of lesilicon oxide ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-5%.
• Udaka njengako GOST 4013-82. Ubukho iikhompawundi iphosphate, boron kunye fluorine kwi imali ingaphikisani amaxwebhu eqhelekileyo.
• kunye neeminerali iipropati ezithile ezifunekayo ukuze nokudalwa umxube wezinto uhlobo olufunwayo.

Onke amacandelo ziqala kunye de egudileyo.

Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ePortland isamente inokusetyenziswa amacandelo ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ukubeka iimfuno zobugcisa ezithile ezimiselweyo umtyelele.

Kwizityalo apho imveliso yenziwa, onke amacandelo igqithe iimvavanyo efunekayo lothotyelo, emihle ngokucacileyo ngokudala imixube ezomileyo kunye nokusebenza.

Portland isamente ezenziwa yi-Standard kunye nolwabiwo yayo ibandakanya nokupakishwa kwi namaxwebhu akhaphayo. Ukuba akukho, ngoko ke imveliso yenziwa ngokwe TU, iimpawu zayo zingohluka kwezo eyamkelekileyo.

production

Ukuze uqonde, Portland - kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkqubo yemveliso yayo, equka izigaba ezininzi:

1. Yelimestone imigodi ezibuhlazarha, nokuba omthubi. Kuxhomekeke kubunzulu oziimitha ezili-10 maleko ziyasuswa ngenxa emhadini evulelekile emhlabeni kuphuhliso zejoloji.
2. Ukulungiselela. ezibonakalayo kuqala yathotyelwa kwimeko omiswe zaseprayimari yaye isila usebenzisa ezinye ongeziweyo ukuze ufumane umxube enokutsha. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi na ubukhulu iqhezu ubunzima ubumdaka iqulathe astringent, khangela nje kule zokuphawula: PC400 D20 ifaka i umthamo% improvers 20 PTS500 D0 ayinayo kubo bonke. Emva ngokugaya zokuqala umxube iye calcined kwi emlilweni ezikhethekileyo enamandla. Ekubeni clinker isamente ifunyenwe - ingxenye eziphambili ePortland lwesamente.
3. Nokuyifeza ngeninako. Kweli nqanaba, i clinker utshile ndalisila ibe iqhezu ukusebenza kunye lekalika kunye nezongezelelo ezizodwa uhlobo ngalunye ePortland lwesamente. Okulandelayo, umxube igcwele zibe iipasela 30, 40, 50 kg kwaye ithunyelwe warehouses site yokwakha, ezivenkileni.

features lemveliso

Zonke iintlobo ePortland isamente (PC) ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile eqhelekileyo kumntu wonke lo clinker lwesamente kuphela. Awona macandelo eseleyo yi ezahlukeneyo: ukuxhathisa ukufuma, isiqulatho bezimbiwa. Xa sijonge ezi zinto, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunyanga zonke iintlobo izinto ngendlela enye, ngoko kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuphumeza isigaba sesibini yemveliso:

• Indlela emanzi ibandakanya amacandelo nokutshixiza emanzini. Ngoko ke ukwenza kunye nezongezo ngodongwe kunye nentsimbi chalky. Kubo, kukho imigaqo ukufuma: udongwe - 20%, ngetshokhwe - 29%. Le emulsion ngenxa emva processing umntu isiqulatho sokufuma-50% yaye njengoko enjalo sithunyelwa eontini. Ngexesha amaso clinker unyango ubushushu kwakheka kamva ukusilwa kungena Umatshini ogqityiweyo.
• Inkqubo owomileyo akuthethi ukuba humidification izinto ezisetyenziswayo: akungeni iziko ukuba zome. Iindleko zesamente eveliswa ngale ndlela zithe kuba ifuna amandla okusula.
• indlela Ludityanisiwe idibanisa emanzi neyomileyo. Le oluludaka (umxube ekrwada) liyahlonyelwa ukusilwa emanzini. Ngaphezu koko, usebenzisa Ukulahla lokucoca ulwelo isixa-mali esikhudlwana ukufuma kwi eontini inikezelwa ukufuma umxube ukuya kwi-18%.

izakhiwo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, lo eziphathekayo kuthatha esemgangathweni ethile xa ingeza Portland lwesamente ethile. Izimilo ngamnye kubo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kukho luxhaphakile zonke iparameters:

• Ukuxinana Absolute kuluhlu 3050-3150 kg / m ^3, ubuninzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo HRC ziya kwahluka.
• Portland fineness isamente oya kumiselwa ngesihlungulo permeability №008 umgubo hayi ngaphantsi kwe-85%.
• Ubukhulu ezithile kumphezulu emva bengagqibanga 2500-3000 cm ² / g.
• Ukubeka ixesha: ekuqaleni - yimizuzu engama-45, isiphelo - 12:00. Walinganisa ngezinga Vita.

Iyahlala ilinganiswa iisampulu zovavanyo kunye dimensions 4h4h16 cm, ezenziwe umxube nesamente-sandy kwi umlinganiselo 1: 3 kunye umlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya yesamente ye 0.4, emva kweentsuku 28 lukhuni. bemilo Ukulungele ufakwa Ukugoba ucinezelo ngokuthi ekumiseni ixabiso labo kunye namanqaku afanelekileyo.

iintlobo

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo ePortland isamente kusetyenziswa ongeziweyo ukuze iintlobo ezininzi:

• amandla ekuqaleni;
• sulfate;
• hydrophobic;
• plasticized;
• a exotherm ngokulinganisela;
• SLAG;
• acid;
• alumina;
• omhlophe nombala;
• pozzolan.

uhlobo ngamnye unika ibloko eziphathekayo iipropati ezithile kuyimfuneko ukuze zisetyenziswe kwindawo ethile okanye indawo.

Amanqaku iqulethe eninzi iikhompawundi calcium kwaye iyakwazi ukwakha ngokukhawuleza namandla Ukuqinisa.

Sulfate Portland isamente ubunjwe ongeziweyo ezandisa luvukelo eziphathekayo imichiza ndlongondlongo.

Hydrophobic uhlobo Umatshini iqulethe ongeziweyo ezikhuthaza komphunga kade yamanzi eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokwenzeka kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu, apho kuyimfuneko ukuqaqadeka chu ilitye ngaphandle kuphelelwa ngamandla.

Plasticized umbono Umatshini inputted zaba sisintsokotho semixube eziphathekayo, kwandisa plasticity yayo workability.

Portland isamente kunye exotherm oluphakathi ngexesha ukuxovwa sokunikela imali elincinane ngokwentelekiso ubushushu.

SLAG ubunjwe iliza eziko SLAG, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zalo.

Acid HRC ubunjwe esulungekileyo isanti zwi kunye fluorosilicate isodiyam, ukumelana neemeko-bume yemichiza banqande;

Portland isamente, aluminous iqulethe xi eliphezulu-aluminiyam oxide, ikhuthaza lukhuni ngokukhawuleza.

PC yacebisa kwezithako kwezimbiwa pozzolanic mlilo kunye lentlenga (ukuya kwi-40% ye-ubunzima iyonke). Bona ukwandisa namandla amanzi kwaye ezingeyo efflorescence phezu komhlaba eziphathekayo ogqityiweyo.

Iintlobo White bebala of yokuhlanganisa ziquka iikhompawundi metal ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ziipeyintiwe ngombala ethile ngamatye.

Ukwahlukanisa ngamandla

On brand Portland bahlukana ngenxa kwisalathisi yalo msebenzi - amandla lokugqibela ngexesha ucinezelo iihafu iisampuli yezihlunu abaneminyaka iintsuku 28. Ngako oko, umahluko uphawu 400, 500, 550, 600.

Naluphi na uhlobo ePortland isamente grade 400 isetyenziselwa ukwenza i yoyilo ne loo nto baxinezeleke kakhulu.

amaxabiso aphezulu izitampu zibiza kakhulu ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kwawo sezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kunye namacandelo zabo.

isicelo

Portland isamente - ntoni na? Le yindlela oluphuculweyo Umatshini eziphathekayo. Ngako oko, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokufaka unalo ilitye okanye ezinye iimpawu eziphuculweyo. Umzekelo, Portland high-kwangoko ndaqina 500 no 600 has a izinga eliphezulu lukhuni, ngenxa yokuba idityaniswe kule ikhonkrithi kunye nemveliso kwezakhiwo ezinkulu uxanduva zombini komhlaba kunye nezakhiwo ngentla-komhlaba. Kwakhona, oko isoloko isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kukho imfuneko yokuba enganyangekiyo ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, ukuba agalele formwork lesiseko.

Avamise kakhulu Portland isamente 400. Kuyinto jikelele isicelo; ngokuba ekudaleni izinto monolithic kwaye precast kunye neemfuno amandla ephakamileyo, ngelixa iimpawu hayi kakhulu ngaphantsi PTS500, kodwa ngeendleko eziphantsi.

Sulfate umbono Umatshini esisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela kwimixube abandakanyeka ekudaleni izakhiwo kwamanzi. Bona sifo yeziphumo umonakalo yamanzi sulphate ndlongondlongo.

300-600 plasticized Portland isamente iphucula kakhulu iimpawu yeplastiki yesisombululo, iimpawu zayo amandla, ngaloo ndlela ukulondoloza 5.8% of Umatshini, xa kuthelekiswa isamente eqhelekileyo.

iintlobo ezikhethekileyo HRC ayifane asetyenziswe ekwakheni encinane nje izinto ekrwada unalo ixabiso elikhulu, yaye elowo endaweni yokubutha uyazi ngale fom ukwimo esebenzayo. Portland ukuqinisa ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa nemixube eziphathekayo ezisetyenziswa izinto ezinkulu kakhulu.

Xa akukho mfuneko isicelo

Portland isamente - icandelo esebenzayo leyo linika iipropati eziphathekayo ezizodwa. Kodwa akukho alabonakala kufuneka ingasetyenziswa ngendlela elibaleka ngamandla iibhedi komlambo, emanzini ityuwa, amanzi kunye nomxholo high ngezimbiwa. Sulfate ukujonga ezi meko azikwazi ukumelana nemisebenzi yayo, oko yenzelwe ukusebenza kumanzi ezimile ziingcathu. Kuba amadama izixhobo, amadama kunye nezakhiwo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, ezisetyenziswa uxinzelelo medium ekusetyenzisweni zolwelo iintlobo ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisa.

Indlela ukukhetha kuthenga

Xa thenga kufuneka iqondwe kuwe, Portland - ntoni na? Le Umatshini yokuqala ukudala eziphathekayo. Njengoko isamente eziqhelekileyo, wathengisa ngayo bokuzalisa iingxowa, iingxowa iphepha-50 kg, ngamanye amaxesha 30, 40.

Xa ukhetha imali ingqalelo nokumakisha ekwibhokisi. Kufuneka ube uhlobo elichaziweyo (Portland yesamente, zeBlack kunye ezifana. D.), Ukuhambelana GOST okanye W, ubungakanani kwezithako kwezimbiwa. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba banikele ingqalelo kumhla wokwenziwa: ayinzuzo entsha, ngcono ubulunga bayo.

Xa kwiindleko isamente ezizodwa nempembelelo zombini abenzi zithengise. Ithekhnoloji mveliso efanayo akuthethi umahluko omkhulu kwexabiso. Ngoko ke, khetha nesixhobo kwisityalo, leyo trust, leyo igama ilungileyo.

Yimalini Portland? Ixabiso kakhulu ethandwa P 400 50 kg ngengxowa iqala 200 engange PTS500 (50 kg.) - 230 engange. Kubonakala umahluko encinane, kodwa ukuba bayile ifuna isixa esikhulu umxube, olusekelwe phezu yokubopha. Ngenxa yempazamo kwi ukhetho akwazi kuxabisa idenariyo omkhulu.