Iinqwelo zihambelana namathangi anamhlanje: amandla, i-ricochetability

Iinqwelo zixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezibonakaliswa ukuchasana okuphezulu kunye nokuchasene nezinto zangaphandle, ezisongela ukukhutshwa nokuphulwa kwengqibelelo yayo. Akukhathazeki ukuba luhlobo luni lokukhusela: nokuba ngaba yinqwelo ye-chivalry okanye ikhava enzima yeenqwelo zokulwa zanamhlanje, injongo iyahlala enye-ukukhusela kumonakalo kwaye uthathe i-brunt.

. Iinqwelo ezihambelana nomzimba - ukhuselo olufanayo olukhuselekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo, olwandise amandla kwaye lunokwenziwa kweekhemikhali olufanayo kwinqanaba eliphambeneyo kunye neepropati ezifanayo . Kulolu hlobo lokhuseleko oluya kuxoxwa ngalo kwinqaku.

Imbali

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kweemfazwe kufumaneka kwimithombo yamandulo, ngumbuzo weentonga kunye neengweletshetshe zamajoni. Injongo yabo ephambili yayikukhusela izitho zomzimba kwiinkemba, i-sabers, i-axis, imicu, iintolo nezinye izixhobo.

Ngokufika kwemibhobho, kwafuneka ukuba uyeke ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezicothayo ekuveliseni izixhobo zokuzikhusela nokufudukela kwisigxina kwaye esomeleleyo kungekhona nje kuphela ukutshatyalaliswa, kodwa nakwiimeko zokusingqongileyo zama-alloys.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imihlobiso esetyenziswe kwiinqwelo kunye neentonga, ezibonakalisa isimo kunye nodumo lwabahloniphekileyo, zaqala ukuhamba ngexesha elidlulileyo. Ubume be-lat kunye neenkophe zaqala ukulula, ukunika indlela yokusebenza.

Njengoko kunjalo, yonke inkqubela phambili yehlabathi iye yanciphisa ukukhawuleza kwintambo yokuveliswa kweentlobo ezintsha zesikhali kunye nokukhuselwa kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukulula kohlobo lwesibambiso kuye kwabangela ukwehla kweendleko (ngenxa yokungabi nasibizo), kodwa kwandisa ukwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, iinqwelo zifikeleleke ngakumbi.

Intsimbi kunye nesimbi zathola isicelo ngakumbi, xa umgangatho kunye nobukhulu beentonga zaso zikhangele phambili. Lo mcimbi ufumene impendulo ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi kunye nokwakhiwa komatshini, kwakunye nokuqiniswa kwezakhiwo zomhlaba kunye neeyunithi ezingasebenziyo ezifana ne-catapult kunye ne-ballista.

Iintlobo zezixhobo

Ngokuphuhliswa kobugcisa kwiplani yesiganeko, ukuphuculwa kobunzima bee-shells kubonwa, okwangoku kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweemfazwe zemihla yamhlanje (itanki, iinqanawa, i-aircraft, njl.).

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, uhlanga lweengalo alupheli ngomzuzu, olukhokelela ekuveleni kweendlela ezintsha zokukhusela njengeendlela zokuphikisa iintlobo zezixhobo ezikhoyo.

Ngokusekelwe kumpawu zokuyila, ezi ntlobo zezixhobo ezilandelayo ziyaziwa:

• Ohambelana;
• Ukuqiniswa;
• Hinged;
• Ukwahlukana.

Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokwenza isicelo:

• IQumrhu - naluphi na izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ukukhusela umzimba, kwaye akunandaba nokuba yintoni - iinqwelo zeqhawe eliphakathi okanye isigqithiso se-bullet yesosha langoku;
• Izithuthi - ii-alloys zetsimbi ngendlela yamacwecwe, kunye neglasi ye-bullet-proof, injongo yokukhusela abasebenzi kunye nabagibeli bezixhobo;
• Isixhobo sokukhusela iinqwelo zokukhusela iinqanawa (phantsi kwamanzi kunye nendawo yomhlaba);
• Ukwakha - uhlobo olusetyenziselwa ukukhusela amachashaza, ama-dugouts kunye ne-derevoemlyanyh amaphulo okudubula (bunkers);
• Isikhundla - zonke iintlobo zezikrini ezichasayo kunye nezibuko ukukhusela izitishi zendawo ezivela kwimfucuza yomzimba kunye nemiphumo eyingozi yelanga elisezantsi;
• Ikhefu-eyenzelwe ukukhusela iintambo zamanzi ezinokonakaliso kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kwindawo engqongileyo.

Iinqwelo zihamba ngokufanayo kwaye zichanekile

Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokulwa zibonisa ukuphuhliswa kobunjineli obunobunjineli boonjiniyela. Ukufumaneka kwamaminerali afana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum okanye i-tungsten ivumela ukuphuhliswa kweesampuli ezinamandla; Ukungabikho kwelo hlobo kudala isidingo sokuphuhlisa amaziko athile. Ngokomzekelo, iiplati zezixhobo, eziza kulungelelaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kumlinganiselo wexabiso kunye nomgangatho.

Xa kuqeshwe, iinqwelo zikwahlula kwi-bulletproof, anti-ballistic kunye nezakhiwo. Iinqwelo zihamba ngokufanayo (ukusuka kwimbali enye kwi-cross-sectional area) okanye i-heterogeneous (eyahlukileyo ekubunjweni) isetyenziselwa ukwenza iingubo zokulwa kunye ne-anti-ballistic. Kodwa akukho konke.

Isalathisi esinobudlelwane esifanayo sinomlinganiselo ofanayo weekhemikhali kuwo wonke ummandla weqendu, kunye neepropati ezifanayo zeekhemikhali kunye nezixhobo. I-Heterogeneous ingaba neepropati ezahlukeneyo (ubunzima bensimbi kwicala elinye, umzekelo).

I-Katana Homogeneous Armor

Ngendlela yokwenza izixhobo (nokuba iinqwelo zezixhobo okanye i-heterogeneous) iingubo zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Katanas. Olu luhlobo lwesibambiso sokurhoxisa, esiye saqhutyelwa kumatshini wokuqhawula. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo kwi-press, i-molecule ihamba kunye, kwaye impahla iya kuba yimbi. Olu hlobo lwesibambiso esinzima esinalo lukhuni olulodwa: alukwazi ukulahlwa. Isetyenziswe kwiitanki, kodwa kuphela kwiiflethi ezicwengekileyo. Kwi-tank turret, umzekelo, udinga umjikelezo omnye.
• Cast. Ngako oko, unamandla kakhulu kwipesenti kuneenguqulelo zangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, loo ngubo ingasetyenziselwa kwinqaba yamathangi. Ukukhupha iinqwelo ezifanayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziya kuba namandla kunezixhobo zokulwa. Kodwa, njengoko bethetha, i-spoon efanelekileyo ilungele ukudla.

Injongo

Ukuba sibheka ukukhuselwa kwe-bullet kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokubhoboza izixhobo, kunye nempembelelo yamabhobho amancinci kunye neengqungquthela zegobolondo, loo nto ingabonakaliswa kwiinguqulelo ezimbini: zilungele iinqwelo ezihambelana nezixhobo eziphezulu okanye zixhaswe ngamandla amakhulu emibini nangaphambili.

I-anti-ballistic (ikhusela kwimpembelelo enkulu yamagobolondo), iingubo zimelelwe ngamanani amaninzi. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zezi zilungiswe kwaye zenze iinqwelo ezihambelana nezigaba zamandla amaninzi: aphezulu, aphakathi kwaye aphantsi.

Olunye uhlobo - katana oluqingqiweyo. Ingubo yokumisa ngokuqineka kwelinye icala, amandla ayo ancipha "ekujuleni."

Ubungakanani besikrweqe ngokumalunga nobunzima kulo mzekelo ngu-25:15:60 (ngaphandle, ngaphakathi, ngaphakathi, ngokulandelanayo).

Isicelo

Amathangi aseRussia, njengemikhumbi, okwangoku ihlanganiswe ne-nickel ye-chrome okanye isiteliti esenziwe nge-nickel. Kwaye ukuba ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kusetyenziswa ibhanti yensimbi eneensimbi ezinzima, iitangi zihlanganiswe ngegobolondo elikhuselekileyo, elinamaqela athile eencwadi.

Umzekelo, izixhobo eziphambili zeplanethi yokulwa nendawo "i-Armata" imelwe ngqongquthela olubumbeneyo, olungenakunceda ukuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zamanqatha ezinamhlanje ezinama-150 mm kunye neentloko zecalaber of caliber ukuya kwi-120 mm.

Kwaye kukho izikrini ezichasene nazo. Kunzima ukuthetha ukuba ngaba le nto yinqwelo engcono okanye ayikho. Iitanki zaseRashiya ziphuculwe, kwaye ukhuseleko luya kuphucula nabo.

Iqhawe vs Shell

Ngokuqinisekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba amalungu e-tank calculation ahlale ekhumbula iingcamango ezicacileyo kunye nezobugcisa zesithuthi sokulwa, okubonisa ubungakanani bendawo yokukhusela kunye naluphi uhlobo lwe-projectile oluya kubamba kwiimitha-mitha, kunye nokuba iinqwelo zezixhobo zokulwa ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenzisiweyo okanye cha.

Iipropati zezixhobo zanamhlanje azikwazi ukuchazwa kuphela ngcamango "yobukhulu". Ngenxa yesizathu esilula ukuba isongelo kwiigobolondo zanamhlanje, ngokubhekiselele kuyo, eqinisweni, igobolondo elinjalo likhuselweyo, livela kwi-kinetic kunye neekhemikhali yamandla eigobolondo.

Amandla oKinetic

Ngamandla omzimba (okungcono ukuthi "ingozi yokukhenkcela") ithetha ukuba amandla e-projectile aqhutywe ukugqithisa izixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, i-projectile eyenziwe nge -uranium ecaleni okanye i- tungsten carbide iya kubetha. Iinqwelo zentsimbi ehambelana nxamnye nokubetha. Akukho migaqo enokuthi ingaboniswa ukuba 200 mm efana ne-1300 mm i-heterogeneous.

Imfihlelo yokuchasana ne-projectile ikhona kwindawo yesikrweqe, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintengiso yempembelelo ye-projectile ekubunjeni kwengubo.

Isiphumo esicwangcisiweyo

Ubungozi beekhemikhali luboniswa ngolo hlobo lweeplectile njenge-antitank-piercing-piercing and explosion-up (ngokubhekiselele kwisibhengezo samazwe ngamazwe lukhethwe njenge-HESH) kunye ne-HEAT).

I-projectile eyongeziweyo (ngokuchasene nembono echongiweyo kunye nempembelelo yomdlalo wehlabathi weTanki) ayinaso ukuzaliswa okutsha. Isenzo saso sisekelwe ekugxininiseni umbane wamandla kwinqwelo elincinci, leyo, ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye kungabi liqondo lokushisa, liphule kwisiseko sokukhusela.

Ukukhuselwa kulo hlobo lwamaqobbondo yindlela yokwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezikhohlakeleyo, ezithatha amandla empembelelo. Umzekelo obulula kakhulu ukuqiniswa kwamathangi nge-grid-rabitsa ukusuka kwimibhede endala ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili ngamasosha aseSoviet.

AmaSirayeli ayawavikela amathambo kaMerkava ngokubamba iibhola zensimbi ezixhomekeke emakhonkcweni.

Enye inketho kukudala iinqonga ezinamandla. Xa i-jet ejoliswe kuyo ixabisa i-projectile eyimfuneko kunye negobolondo elikhuselayo, ukukhutshwa kwekhava ekhuselekile. Ukuqhutyelwa, okubhekiselele kokuphambene nejet ekhulayo, kubangela ukusabalala kwale mihla.

Fugas

Inyathelo yegobolondo ephakamileyo yokubhoboza iinqwelo zinciphisa ukujikeleza malunga nomzimba wesikrweba ngexesha lokudibana kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-pulse enkulu yokutshitshiswa ngokucwangciswa kwesinyithi. Ukongezelela, njengemigqomo kwisigodlo, iziqendu zeempahla ziqhubisana, ezikhokelela ekuphuculeni. Ngaloo ndlela, iiplate ezithintekayo zichithwa. Kwaye kwinqanaba leenqwelo zokulwa, lichitha, lidale ukulimala kwabasebenzi.

Ukukhuselwa kwiikhablokhwe eziphambili ziyafana nokucutha.

Isiphelo

Elinye lamatyala okubhalwa kwimbali yokusetyenziswa kwemichiza engavumelekanga yamachiza ukukhuselwa kwetanki yindlela yokuqala yaseJamani ukujonga ubugcisa kunye ne-zimmerite. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukukhusela iigumbi "Tigers" kunye ne "Panther" kwimigodi yamagnetic.

Ukubunjwa kweMimmerite kwakuquka izinto ezifana ne- barium sulfate, i- zinc sulphide, i-sawdust ye-wood, i-pigment ocher kunye ne-binder esekelwe kwi-polyvinyl acetate.

Ukusetyenziswa komxube kwaqala ngowe-1943 kwaye kwaphela ngo-1944, ngenxa yokuba ukomisa kwakudinga iintsuku eziliqela, kwaye iJamani ngelo xesha yayisele kwindawo yokulahlekelwa.

Kwixesha elizayo, umkhwa wokusebenzisa umxube onjalo awukho ndawo ifumene impendulo ngenxa yokulahla ukususela ekusebenziseni ulwabantwana ngamanxiwa e-anti-tank magnetic kunye nokubonakala kwezixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi-i-anti-tank grenade launchers.