Culture of Egypt yaMandulo: Isishwankathelo izakhiwo kunye neencwadi

IYiputa, mhlawumbi, eli lizwe phambili kwixesha ephucuke yokuqala. Uninzi bachuma isiko yamandulo laseYiputa. Ngokufutshane angenise loku kakhulu kunzima, ukususela kwixesha lamandulo leminyaka 2000-emnqakathi, yahlulahlulwe izikumkani ezintathu (yaMandulo, ezisembindini, New), uphuhliso ngamnye zazo iimpawu zalo.

Culture of Egypt yaMandulo: ngokufutshane malunga ubukumkani yamandulo

Eli xesha ke ixesha waseYiputa le ukuchuma - iminyaka segolide nokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko. Lufikelela kakhulu yayo ukwakhiwa yophuhliso, nto leyo luphawulwa iimpawu monumentalism. Uninzi izakhiwo ezinxulumene ihlelo yomngcwabo. AmaYiputa amandulo wakhanyela ukufa. Ayekholelwa ukuba umphefumlo womntu wayeza kubuyela kulo. Ngoko ke, saseka engcwabeni, wemka - zidumbu. Kunye zibukeke ebukumkanini yamandulo bavela imikrolo. Waye luphawulwa iindlela ezithile ezizodwa "isimbo baseYiputa", oko kukuthi, iimpawu eziphambili lwenkcubeko waseYiputa yamandulo. Ngoko ke, ngokwenene ezi eqingqiweyo kukuba kudalwe tile, atyikitya macala omabini abathwaxwe imifanekiso yabantu. Kulo mzekelo, ubuso kunye namagxa bachazwa ukusuka ngaphambili, kunye neentungo zayo nentloko kwiprofayili. Famous uFaro Narmer Plate. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 64. Phezu kwayo, ukongeza ukukhululeka imifanekiso, kukho imibhalo obhalwe ezithetha nobuntu lowo umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kwi nembasa. Ngendlela, xa Ixesha Old yoBukumkani ekugqibeleni ulwimi olubhaliweyo kwasekwa kokusungulwa sheet njengompapiri akhawunti nkqubo sadalwa. Ukubhala eYiputa baye baqeqeshwa ikakhulu wafikelwa ngababingeleli abakhulu nababhali, ngubani amanqaku kuqoqosho, kunye abakroli. Enye into ke wolingano ogqibeleleyo lwamanani kubonisiwe.

The Middle umbuso

Culture of Egypt Intshabalalo yaMandulo ngokufutshane malunga kuMbindi soBukumkani sixelele elandelayo. Kweli xesha iqala yokwakha iitempile kuba oothixo baseYiputa bachazwa nokuba abantu okanye isiqingatha-isilwanyana, engabantu. Iitempile nje kuphela bakhonza iinjongo zonqulo, kodwa ingqalelo-arhente zolawulo, leyo bakwazi ukufikelela kuphela ngabefundisi - ababingeleli. Kucingwa uthixo ephakamileyo Ra - uthixo ilanga, kunye uFaro kwakujongwa unyana ka kwelanga. Ukuba kule kakhulu kwakhiwa izakhiwo lengcwaba kuMbindi zoBukumkani kunye nabo wadala iitempile ezingcwele ezihonjiswe enezintlu ezi ngxilimbela, iiobelisk, lokubhalela chic. Emangalisa kakhulu yaba itempile Amenemhat III, owayebizwa kamva ngamaGrike Maze. Ngu sesakhiwo eli xesha ziquka edume nePiramidi Cheops, i SPHINX, kunye nabanye. Le ubugcisa nenkcubeko waseYiputa yamandulo kweli xesha wavela kwezinye izalathiso. Umzekelo, kukho nokugqama uncwadi. Kubhaliwe kwathiwa, mhlawumbi inoveli yehlabathi yokuqala - "The History of Sinuhe," yaye inoveli "Incoko waphoxwa umphefumlo wakhe" - ama yokwenene bulumko kwi okubi, ukuphoxeka kunye nokholo. Ukuba enjalo inkcubeko endimangazayo emangalisayo eYiputa yamandulo.

Ngokufutshane ngoBukumkani New

Ngeli xesha, egqibelele ubugcisa isiqabu. Phezu kweendonga yeetempile, yonke imbali yaseYiputa uvezwa ngoncedo le ndlela. Ngaphambi wasinda Temple of Hatshepsut, ibekwe Deir El-Bahri. imifanekiso Uncedo ukuze ayivathise ezindongeni zendlu, engokoqobo ukuze engathandi kuza singene kwixesha elidlulileyo. iisampulu sculpture eyona ezixabisekileyo eli xesha bahlile beza kuthi, zithathwa ukuba umsebenzi nomkroli Tuthmosis - eni likaFaro Akhenaten kunye nomfazi wakhe uNefertiti kaHomer. Njengoko uncwadi, uBukumkani New luba multi-uhlobo. "Book of Abafileyo", lalo kweli xesha, uthathwa intyilalwazi zonqulo elo xesha. Phakathi "obukhulu" iincwadi yehlabathi kubizwa ngokuba nentsomi "malunga ezimbini abazalwana", kwakunye nemisebenzi enxulumene uthando lyrics - ". Iingoma ukuba uyakholiswa entliziyo '