Oothixo baseYiputa, ukususela zisabonakala ukuya isifundo

Ithuba yembali yaseYiputa Ekuveleni zeminyaka yesithathu neyesine phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu. Kwesiko zenkcubeko yamandulo, iviswa kwempembelelo abahlaseli kuphazamiseka zangaphakathi, wabakho ngaphambi kokwamkelwa ubuKristu AD ngenkulungwane yesine. Kuba phantse emithathu iwaka enesiqingatha, kwaye uluhlu lweempawu oothixo baseYiputa owayefumene utshintsho olubalulekileyo. oothixo baseYiputa ezifunyenwe iimpawu kunye namagama ethile abamelwane - baseAsiriya, amaHeti, Hyksos, amaGrike.

Emva kokuba ubunye eYiputa phantsi kolawulo umlawuli olunye koothixo imimandla abaninzi ngabanye kunye nezizwe zelizwe wangena kela eqhelekileyo, kodwa inkoliso yabo baqubuda kuphela kwimeko apho kwakukho imvelaphi yokholo lwabo. Ezinye oothixo kancane kancane ixabiso obscheegipetskoe. Kwanetempile yothixokazi Bastet, enento entloko ikati yakhe, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ikhule ukusuka ihlelo lonqulo iikati njengabagcini zolondolozo okuziinkozo iimpuku. Ulimo Egypt idlale indima enkulu ngokwahlukileyo, umzekelo, ukususela Greece ababesukele becala ngenxa urhwebo ukoyisa emkhosini. oothixo Anthropomorphic baseYiputa badla inkululeko enhlokweni yezilwanyana ngokwesiseko ezivele ukunqulwa lehlelo. Ngokomzekelo, uthixo Anathoti obeyintloko Inkonde, uthixokazi Sekhmet (Sekhmet) - intloko wengonyama, Anubis - intloko yenja.

Kamsinya nje rose okanye komnye ummandla weli lizwe, kwabakho utshintsho amakhosi okanye "kwenye" kwengqukuva kwindawo entsha, ukutshintsha kunye oothixo baseYiputa "ezintlu kuqala." Into enika umdla konqulo yamandulo somYiputa lowo ubukho kukho inani elikhulu yeentsomi khozimologi.Sonke (okt Iinguqulelo ngemvelaphi ihlabathi), yaye kwingingqi nganye indima ephambili kulo mbandela ubuncwane ziyalelwe ukuba isithixo yasekuhlaleni.

oothixo baseYiputa kwamanani elikhulu enjalo, waba isiseko separatism local ngokuqinisekileyo akazange mfuneko kwilizwe elinye. Ukongeza, emahlelweni ezininzi ifuna bachitha isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda kuthetha ukuba inzuzo engcono kakhulu ukuba ichithwe phezu izifakelelo embindini welizwe, emkhosini njalo-njalo. Kwaye ubutyebi nempembelelo enkulu yezizwana zababingeleli zisengozini ngqo ngamandla kuphela likaFaro.

Zonke izinto ingqalelo, uFaro Amenhotep IV, wathabatha igama Akhenaten, wazisa ihlelo ezingephi isithixo lommandla Aton (i-solar disc izithixo) njengoko obscheegipetskoy unqulo. Kodwa inertia yesithethe womelela kakhulu, kwaye Akhenaten wafa, yaye ngaphambi kokuba afike kwiminyaka engamashumi amane. Ngokutsho uguqulelo akuqinisekisa, yena kunetyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, ku xanisiwa ka le ntsapho na ebimchukumisile, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe (yayingeyiyo uNefertiti) wahlala iminyaka uyaphila emininzi emva kokufa komyeni wakhe.

Emva kokuba Persian, lamaGrike yaye kamva nomsebenzi yelizwe oothixo baseYiputa nezithixokazi ngcembe aqala ukulahlekelwa impembelelo yayo, ziyancipha. Bona coalesce kunye noothixo bahlaseli. Umzekelo, uAleksandr Makedonsky waqubuda eYiputa njengoko unyana kaZeyus-Amon, a syncretic oothixo baseYiputa-zamaGrike.

Xa oothixo baseYiputa, amagama abo bobabini zasekuhlaleni kunye imvelaphi engumxube, waqala ukunika indlela unqulo entsha - ngokuthe ngcembe ubuKristu baqalisa kunye zisabonakala yokubhala yamandulo zaseYiputa. Xa loMlawuli uConstantine wafa isithethi yokugqibela isithethe zonqulo umYiputa, ngoko kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi amagama oothixo baseYiputa yamandulo ayesaziwa kuphela kwiincwadi lesiGrike kunye mbali bamaRoma. Kodwa abo nabanye badibana inkcubeko umYiputa ngexesha xa sele sekuqengqeleke, kwaye ngenkankulu abazinikeleyo ababingeleli bangaphandle (rhoqo ndlongo) kungena iimfihlelo unqulo lwabo.

Iinzame ukuwuqonda yakhona bamandulo wenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko abaphengululi umArabhi, baseYurophu, kodwa watsho phantsi. Kwaba kuphela benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, isazi ngeelwimi okuqaqambileyo Fransua Shampolon ikwazile ukufumana isitshixo yonke ezama izicatshulwa zaseYiputa. Ukususela ngoko kwaqalisa ixesha mihla le ukufunda imbali kunye nenkcubeko waseYiputa yamandulo.