Iintshukumo Popular ngenkulungwane ye-17

iintshukumo Popular ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaba zesiganeko abaninzi eRashiya. Ixesha Ixesha Iingxaki yaphela. Zonke iinkalo zobomi kawonke zitshatyalalisiwe ngokupheleleyo: uqoqosho, ezopolitiko, nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, inkcubeko kunye nophuhliso ngokomoya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwafuneka ukubuyisela uqoqosho. Uninzi inguqu kunye amatsha buhlungu abantu ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yoko - iintshukumo zabantu. Siza kuzama ukuze uhlaziye iinkcukacha kule sihloko.

Umbandela 'imbali "(7 cl.):" Intshukumo Abantu bakaThixo "

Ixesha "buntashnogo Century" yinxalenye yesikolo yonyanzeliso ubuncinane. Ikhondo "History of Russia" (Grade 7, "Movement zabantu") kuchonga izinto zilandelayo ubundlobongela;

• Ukwanda irhafu ngenxa iingxabano rhoqo emkhosini.
• Imizamo amagunya ukunciphisa ukuzimela Cossack.
• Ukuqinisa tape mandative.
• Amakhoboka abalimi.
• nokuguqulwa Church, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni wanako phakathi abefundisi kunye labemi.

Izizathu ngasentla zibonisa ukuba iintshukumo ezithandwayo ngenkulungwane ye-17 zidityaniswa kuphela kunye nabalimi, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili, kodwa nabanye iyaxela kwezentlalo: abefundisi, Cossacks, yabatoli.

Oku kuthetha ukuba abasemagunyeni baqale ukwenza nxamnye imikhosi enamandla uyazi ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani ezingalweni. Cossacks kunye Bamfumana abatoli bakwazi ukuzuza ukulwa amava kwiimfazwe rhoqo. Ngoko ke, ukubandakanyeka kwabo yombhodamo kwisikali onokufaniswa iimfazwe zamakhaya.

Salt isiphithiphithi

Ndingathanda ukuba ukukhumbula umhlala namhlanje, abo ngokukhutheleyo belinde ukuba ityuwa amaxabiso kwiivenkile. Ukwanda elinye okanye amabini engange namhlanje sikhatshwa ezahlukeneyo izityholo nokugxeka ngabasemagunyeni. Noko ke, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ityuwa kwinkulungwane XVII kuye kwavusa isidubedube ngokwenene.

Julayi 1, 1648 aduma nokulatyuza esinamandla loqhankqalazo. Isizathu yaba umsebenzi ezongezelelweyo kwi ityuwa, ngenxa apho urhulumente ugqibe ukongeza le mali. Le meko kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abaqhankqalazi "abamba" Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich xa wayebuya imithandazo kwi incwadi yesicelo. Abantu bakhalaza i "ngukumkani olungileyo" ukuba "olubi" Boyar - intloko Order yePhondo L. S. Plescheeva. Emehlweni umntu eziqhelekileyo esitalatweni nguye kuphela ityala zonke iinkathazo karhulumente: bureaucracy mandative, izimali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuphela ityuwa kodwa ezinye iimveliso zokutya.

"Imbi" Boyar kwafuneka ukuba bahlabele. "Phantsi ezibiza ngokuba" kungekuphela nje ukumkani Wazisusa "Internet" Pleshcheeva, kodwa evela kumzala wakhe, boyar Boris Morozov, umkhapheli wakhe. Enyanisweni, waba "iimpawu efihlakeleyo" kweli lizwe kunye ukusombulula phantse yonke imiba yezolawulo. Noko ke, emva koko iintshukumo ezithandwayo kweli lizwe yaphela. Siyaguquka ngakumbi kwabanye.

Popular iintshukumo (Grade 7, imbali Russia): imvukelo ibhrasi

Imeko ne ityuwa akazange afundise urhulumente indlela balumke izitshintshe. Imali kweli lizwe naniswele. Kwaye ngoko, abasemagunyeni baye bachitha iinguqu ezininzi "ebulalayo" yezoqoqosho eyayinako eze kuphela - ukwehla imali ezinkozo.

Urhulumente, endaweni iingqekembe zesiliva, wasibeka ejikelezayo iingqekembe zobhedu ukuba 10-15 malini enganeno. Kakade ke, kwenzeka ukuza elenziwe ngamaplanga (ngokwengqiqo emitsha yelizwi) engange, kodwa abasemagunyeni wagqiba ekubeni kumlinga ukudalelwa njalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Abarhwebi wayeka ukuthengisa iimveliso yobhedu.

NgoJulayi 1662 massacre noqhankqalazo. Ngoku abantu abakholelwa kwi "ngukumkani olungileyo." KwamaJuda zaye phantsi ilifa phantse yonke layo kakumkani. Isihlwele wayefuna kakhulu "kaThixo othanjisiweyo 'ukuba yaphule nkqu yokuhlala kwidolophana Kolomna. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwafika amajoni, kwaye ukumkani waya ezingxoxweni.

Emva kwezi ziganeko, amagunya baphathwa ngenkohlakalo kubavukeli. Abantu abaninzi babulawa, babanjwa, ezinye ndiwanqumle izandla, iinyawo, iilwimi. Yezo zinethamsanqa, wathumela ekuthinjweni.

Ukuvukela Stepan Razin

Ukuba iintshukumo ezithandwayo yangaphambili ahlelwa labemi elinoxolo ukuhlangana, le mvukelo Stepana Razina inxaxheba axhobe ukulwa namava Cossacks. Kwaye yajika yaba yingxaki ngakumbi kakhulu ukuba urhulumente.

Zonke nandzu yaba ikhowudi Conciliar 1649. Olu xwebhu ngenqindi phantsi lusekiwe serfdom. Kakade ke, ekuqaleni kwalo ukwenza ukususela ngexesha Ivan III, ukuqaliswa koSuku eSt George kunye kuthinjwe abasebenzi yezikhulu ilizwe. Kodwa Conciliar I-Code liseke ubomi efuna abalimi sisibhadu babuyele abanini zabo zangaphambili. Lo mthetho waye ingahimbiselani amalungelo Cossack. Kwakukho eminyaka ubudala umthetho of "Akukho abekwa evela Don", oko kuquka ukukhuselwa wonk 'ubani ufumana khona.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-60s kwinkulungwane XVII kwi Don wafumana inani elikhulu abalimi esigama. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo zilandelayo:

• Ukudinwa le Cossacks, ilizwe olukhoyo nje akwanelanga. Ukongeza, bekukho iimfazwe, leyo ngokwesiqhelo kunciphisa inani labemi kunye Cossacks ke ngumthombo wobutyebi.
• Ukujolisa umkhosi omkhulu kakuhle kwindawo enye.

Konke oku, Kakade ke, ababa kodwa kungakhokelela ukuhamba ezithandwayo

"Eli phulo ngenxa ingubo yakhe"

Isigaba sokuqala kwimvukelo abalimi kunye Cossacks ikhokelwa Stepan Razin wehla embalini njenge "iphulo ngenxa ingubo yakhe," oko kukuthi amaxhoba (1667-1669 gg.). Injongo yalo mkhankaso ukuphangwa iinqanawa zabarhwebi kunye nendlwana ezithwele iimpahla eRussia kuya wasePersi. Enyanisweni, lo wona libutho Razin yaba lemigulukudu Pirate, leyo bavimba kwemithambo engundoqo ezorhwebo iVolga, wayithimba Yaitsky dolophu woyisa umkhosi wasePersi, waza wabuya ngo-1669 rich maziphangwe ukuya Don.

Eli phulo ngempumelelo kunye msulwa eziphefumlelweyo namanye Cossacks amaninzi kunye nabalimi abo ingakwazi kubuhlwempu. Bona kakhulu Wasolula yi S. Razin. Ngoku Ndim na obakhawuleyo ingcamango wenza revolution kweli lizwe. S. Razin wabhengeza hambo kwi eMoscow.

Inqanaba lesibini (1670 - 1671 gg.)

Enyanisweni, ukusebenza Stepan Razin ifuze imfazwe yamahlwempu elizayo ikhokelwa yi Pugachev. Ebanzi Ingxenye ekuhlaleni, kukho inani elikhulu nenxaxheba ungquzulwano zezizwe yobuhlanga wengingqi ethetha a full-scale imfazwe yamakhaya. Ngokubanzi, imbali yasekhaya (iintshukumo ezithandwayo ingakumbi) engazange ibonwe Uqhankqalazo ezinjalo abaninzi abantu bayo phambi kwelo xesha.

Ikhondo le mvukelo

ngoko nangoko abo bavukeli wawuthimba umzi Tsaritsyn. Bafika kwinqaba kakuhle ezinqatyisiweyo Astrakhan, leyo ke wanika ngaphandle umlo phezulu. Zonke nabalawuli kunye, namatshawe babulawa.

Impumelelo eye kwavusa shift enkulu kwicala Razin izixeko ezikhulu ezifana Samara, Saratov, Penza, ebonisa nengxaki yezopolitiko kakhulu kuluntu Russian. Ukongeza kwezo ndawo Russian, wamphakamisela kwizizwe zeli iVolga: Chuvash, Tatar, Mordovian, Mari kunye nabanye.

Oku kubangela inani elikhulu vukela

Inani elipheleleyo abavukeli sele ifikelele 200 lamawaka. Man. Izizathu zokuba Razin wasidiliza amawaka ngaphezulu: ezinye udinwe nobuhlwempu, iirhafu, ezinye waphakamisa ubume "Cossacks ezamahala", nabanye bonke mthetho. uluntu abaninzi kazwelonke babefuna ukuzimela nokuba uzimele emva ngoloyiso revolution.

Isiphelo kwako, ukubulawa kwabantu

Noko ke, iinjongo abo bavukeli zange kube njalo. Ngenxa yokungabi ubunye bombutho, iinjongo ezifanayo, yomkhosi wakhe esingaphathekiyo. NgoSeptemba 1670, wazama ukuba Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk mihla), kodwa akazange, waza waqalisa uqhawuke.

Amandla main eyayikhokelwa S. Razin ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya Don, abaninzi saa yi nezwe. Kwabaneenkani kwiphulo lwezohlwayo okhokelwa irhuluneli, Prince Yu Baryatinsky, nto leyo eneneni kuthetha ukusetyenziswa yonke imikhosi yamajoni ezikhoyo. Besoyika ukufa, aba bavukeli endininike intloko yakhe, oko ke quartered.

Ukuya ku-100 lamawaka. Abantu abaye babulawa kwaye wahlukunyezwa ngabasemagunyeni. Loo mass ingcinezelo Russia babengazi ngaphambili elo xesha.