Ukuvukela Stepan Razin

kwinkulungwane ye-17 lelona xesha engenakulibaleka. Ababephila umchaza njengoko kwiNkulungwane "buntashny" wokomelela yeklasi bungwanyalala kwenzeka ngelo xesha. umcimbi omkhulu kwinkulungwane yaba kwimvukelo Stepana Razina.

Ubangelwa iintetho ezininzi kwa- axinekileyo, leyo abasebenzi iphambili yeli lizwe - abalimi. Abafumana kucinezelwa komntu ngebhaxa, imfuneko, ayedla ulambile.

Ngokubonakalayo intsimi uphuphume waba Don. Imeko yale ndawo ayegqatse disaffected ukuba bamanyane. Amavolontiya waqala coalesce ngeenxa zonke Cossack mkhosi Stepan Razin. Ukuseka imikhosi abangazanelisanga ukumelana evela kumadoda amakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ungonwabi ngandlela zonke wancedisa xa kusekwe amaqela Cossack. Noko ke, xa squad waya kuLwandle Azov, imiqobo ethile ziye zidalwe ngokwemiyalelo lwabadala Cossacks. "Ukonga" Ndiyaqonda ukuba eli phulo ukuze acaphuke neentlobano zokwazana eTurkey, kubangela iingxaki okanye ikhefu epheleleyo eMoscow. Ngokuqinisekileyo Wayengekho izicwangciso abadala.

Xa kwecala efanayo Razin bungenazintshaba ngo-1667, ekuqaleni May, bahlala kufutshane nedolophu Panshin phakathi Ilovlya kunye cwaka. Cossack umphathi ngoko ndawonye phantsi kolawulo lwakhe abantu abangaphezu kwama amathandathu, anamakhulu. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba zizityebi razintsy wasekuhlaleni kwabangela kakhulu umonakalo-Donets, kitted ngaphandle ukunyuka intaba kunye nokutya izinto, izixhobo, impahla, yepeyinti wompu, yonke into wathathwa "homing 'amandla.

iqembu bungenazintshaba Razin yaye endleleni eya iVolga. Cossack elite ekhokelwa yi induna ekulandeleni iinjongo zabo. ukubala ngqo kwaba nokuba ukuthumela kude ezweni Cossacks ukuxakeka. Ukongeza, i "ukonga" silindele ukuba kwecala uya kubuyela imveliso, isiqingatha eya kunikelwa kubo uncedo emthethweni, ngemipu, iinqanawa.

Ngowe-1667, ekupheleni kukaMeyi, iqela Cossack wahamba riverboats phezu komlambo Kamyshenko iVolga. Razin qhankqalazo waqala iphulo eqhelekileyo "ngenxa ingubo yakhe." Umahluko waba kwenani labantu. Yemvukelo Stepan Razin kwaqala 150-200 abantu nesiqingatha amawaka.

Imikhosi yaseMntla abavukeli wayithimba Tsaritsyn urhwebo Struga uBhishophu Nikon, Vasiliya Shorina, nabanye abarhwebi, ukumkani ngokwakhe.

Ngowe-1668, Matshi 23, Razin waqalisa uhambo lwakhe edume ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian. Inkokeli bavukeli kunye kohambo wasePersi ababeke amathemba ukufumana umhlaba simahla. Noko ke, Shah iye awabelwa i Cossacks ikoloni ntsimi. Ngexesha iphulo wasePersi Razin iphumelele uloyiso ezininzi.

Emva kokubuyela lokuzalwa kwakhe Don uncediswa amanani amakhulu abantu kwecala Razin. Ngomhla yinkokeli bavukeli yabhalwa amavo, yena ingqalelo abagunye abantu. Inani looding Razin landa ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1670 abo bavukeli malunga namawaka amane.

Emva kwexesha elithile, i amabutho abavukeli kwakhona waya phesheya eRashiya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba urhulumente livelana amaphulo anjalo. imisebenzi King ukhululeke ngakumbi Razin ngaphandle elizweni kunokuba ngaphakathi kuyo. Noko ke, Razin abonise ukuba ingaba yinto inkosi kunye iVolga Lower, kangangokuba eMoscow uya kukwazi ukumelana nayo.

Stepan Razin qhankqalazo kwakhokelela kwisahlulo lizwe ukuba zibe inxalenye yaseYurophu ye imimandla emibini. Ngesinye amandla ukugcina bavukeli, yaye abanye abaphathi wayeselapho ezandleni urhulumente tsarist. Okhomba imida ecacileyo wejografi yale mimandla kuyingxaki, ngenxa yokuba le meko itshintshe rhoqo kakhulu. Ukusuka ukutshintsha zokuhlala izandla, phantse yonke okwilizwe kungaba phantsi kwegunya laloo mvukelo, yaye iziko layo kunye nenani zixeko urhulumente.

Rhoqo kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo nakwiilali ukunganeliseki isidumo. Emva kokuba kwezithandani le mvukelo kwindawo enye waqala kwenye. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni kuka-1670 i inzuzo phezu ecaleni imikhosi karhulumente tsarist.

Ngo-1671, Aprili 14, le mvukelo Stepana Razina ekugqibeleni livunyelwe. abantu "ukonga" Don wahlasela Kagalnitsky dolophu, apho kwakukho amaqela ezininzi ekhokelwa yinkokeli bavukeli. Stepan Razin kunye umzalwana wakhe Frol wayithimba athathiweyo ngemixokelelwane eMoscow. Ngowe-1671, Juni 6, wathabatha indawo isohlwayo kwi-Red Square. Stepan Razin kokuba quartered.