Ezama RSDLP. Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Party, nokubeka umsebenzi yokukhulula kwesigaba ekonakalisweni kwiiklasi olwaye lwamfimfitha, ngokwesiko ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yayibizwa Democratic Social. Ngaphezu koko, isiseko ezizinzululwazi Marxism babeke nemibutho iphiko olululo. Ziqonde "RSDLP" iquka indlela sotsdekovskuyu, kodwa kwixesha ekuqaleni sophuhliso yalo kwiqonga iqela elingafaniyo yemveli Marxism kakhulu ngakumbi. Kuvumelekile ukwenza kuluhlu olubanzi iifom ezisemthethweni kunye esemthethweni emzabalazweni abanqolobi. Kulo kwakukho iintsilelo, kunye nokuvuzwa a Russian Party oselula of Democrats Social.

RSDLP ukudala

Ekupheleni kuka-1895, oko wadalwa "Union of ngumzabalazo wenkululeko sabasebenzi", nto leyo ezitshatileyo kumaqela abangabaxhasi bakaMarx ukuze kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi wabo. kweminyaka kuphela emva emithathu ngenxa yalo mbutho akwazi ukusebenza inkqubo olufanayo iqela kwaye sivakalise ukwenzeka elinye iqela. Wabaseki RSDLP waqala Union iindwendwe ezisithoba 'uMzabalazo "evela St. Petersburg, eMoscow, Kiev kunye nabameli bund (Labour yamaYuda Union). Kwathi ekuqaleni isiganeko Minsk ngoMatshi 1898.

Ngelo xesha, yaye kwakukho igama. Ziqonde "RSDLP", iileta ezintlanu, sithetha ngokucacileyo malunga nohlobo olululo intlangano, Social-Democrats kwi slang ye abapolitiki belisoloko lihamba kunye olukhulu Marxism.

"Iskra" kwaye ukwahlulwa lokuqala wavuleka

Kwathatha eminye iminyaka emibini, kwaye iqela kweny izibhengezo kwisenzo. Ekupheleni kuka 1900 wapapasha uhlelo lokuqala iphephandaba "Iskra", ihlelwe nguLenin (Ulyanovym V. I.), encediswa Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod kunye Potresov. Ebudeni beli organ wazityhila kuphikisana kakhulu indlela eya iindlela umzabalazo ezayo. Kakuhle eli ungquzulwano waba ngokunxulumene kumzabalazo zomthetho kunye nokubonelela lowo ukuya kwinkqubo yayo, kwakunye uqeqesho. Maqabane bephikisana, ngamanye amaxesha icule, ukuba zifana ababa nako ukufikelela, ukwahlulwa lixubayele, kunye umqalisi baso Vladimir Ulyanov, ngoxa ngumfana (iminyaka engamashumi amathathu) umntu iindevu inqabe namehlo avuthayo. Wanyanzelisa phezu okukhawulezayo, ukubhukuqwa revolution iziseko "ihlabathi elidala" kwaye ngengqiqo yathi indoda Plekhanov endala, ubhishophu Russian Marxism.

Yahlula ukubonakalisa Bolshevism

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party iminyaka esixhenxe apho, ethwele ngokwayo uhlobo ekuqaleni ezimbini, Plekhanov, uLenin. Kodwa akukho nto ihlala ngonaphakade. Iingxoxo kunye neengxoxo nzulu kuphela impixano, ngokuzenza zibe bamchasa uYesu, yaye II Congress of umbuzo wabeka ungaguquki: ngubani oza kwenza revolution, abameli bongxowankulu okanye sabasebenzi? Ngubani na oya kuba emva iklasi nokuyigutyula?

ULenin nabaxhasi bakhe ivotele lozwilakhe zabokudidi oluphangelayo, waba kunye sisininzi. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbutho iqela yahlukana, uphuphu, ukususa RSDLP iye yahlala injalo, kodwa kuxhomekeke ubulungu omnye alwayo mabini yongezwe bukovkoy shunqulelo "b" okanye "m" kwi kwizibiyeli ngeenxa zonke. Abo kwi Congress II wavota ngokuthanda kubungangamsha yesigaba, baba iiBolsheviks kunye nabaxhasi Plekhanov kaThixo - phezu koko, lo Mensheviks.

inkqubo Ubuncinane kunye nenkqubo ubuninzi - iinxalenye ezimbini Marxism Russian

Le miba lombutho akazange ayeke ukuba le nkqubo iyonke, ezibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini (minimum kunye maximum). Noko ke, phezu ngokuvuma sotsdeki Russian, ukutshabalala komyalelo monarchist-ndawo, i-revolution yongxowankulu, ukwabiwa komhlaba abalimi (free of charge) kunye nokubonelelwa kokusebenza imini ukusebenza iiyure ezisibhozo-. Kwaye kwixesha elizayo lwase inguqu elikhulu ngexesha apho yesigaba bekumele ukuba uZwilakhe. Lilo elo liphezulu, leyo ibalwa kwiBolsheviks. Further inkqubela ye loluntu into wayengekho kwizicwangciso zazo.

Seventh Congress - Rubicon

Kugqityiwe kwahlukana phakathi iiBolsheviks kwaye Mensheviks wesithathu, iindibano RSDRP yesine yesihlanu. KwiBolsheviks Mensheviks wagxothwa ngokupheleleyo ukusuka ubunkokheli beqela ngo-1907. Kweli nqanaba, baba olucwangcisiweyo, ezinamatheleneyo, kunye squad esebenzayo kakhulu, ukuba, ngokukodwa, kwaye iphiko lomkhosi, bakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi komhlaba kwaye ungumnikazi iindlela ubuxoki. I Mensheviks ezinjalo asethi ayikwazi ikum; ngokuba apho kamva ihlawulwe.

Sotsdeki nempi

Party RSDLP wasinda olunye ungquzulwano yangaphakathi ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngeli xesha, i "umgca ngaphambili" ukuxhomekeka kwakunzima, abize kwiBolsheviks zibe ngamaqela amathathu ezinkulu: Internationalist, imfazwe kunye amathanda sizwe. Ukuxhasa ngokoyiswa kwilizwe labo, yaye eneneni, ube umngcatshi, kufuneka ube neempawu ezizodwa, akukho bonke. Apha Plekhanov ukuwela umgca ayiphumelelanga. ULenin got it.

lo gama i-Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party ayikwazanga kubizwa kuphela qho indawo. YamaBolshevik abaphembeleli benza umgudu omkhulu ukubonisa amajoni ukuba musa ukulwela ilizwe labo, kunye nobudlelwane utshaba kuyimfuneko, ngokubulala abathetheli babo. Izimanga kuphela ukuthamba okuboniswa "ulawulo anegazi tsarist" ngayo ngabangcatshi ukubanjwa. Enyanisweni, ziyahlelwa ilizwe Lenin kunye noogxa bakhe baba nomdla ngokwaneleyo, ukuba uthetha malunga revolution ehlabathini, nto leyo kwabonakala ukuba kufutshane, kodwa enyanisweni zange yenzeke.

Kutheni RCP (B) yaba VKP (b)

Emva ekuthatheni amandla ngo-1917, lo iiBolsheviks waba ukungavisisani ezinkulu kunye nentshukumo zentlalo-wedemokhrasi, ogama abameli izimvo ngaphantsi ezinkulu eyayibanjwe kumazwe amaninzi, ebonisa "precariousness". Le imeko isiJamane, isiFrentshi, nezinye yaseYurophu Social Democrats baye bavakalisa umnqweno ukusebenzisa iindlela zomthetho, kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo, edibanisa nabo emsebenzini ngokufihlakeleyo, uze ufune ukuhlula ukukhuthazwa abameli babo imizimba yamandla unyulo. Le ndlela abanelisekanga Leninists, Azi ke ukuba kwimeko abantu ithuba lokuzikhethela, babeza kuba amathuba ukuza namandla, ngenxa yokuba wenza kombuso, belubhukuqa Government Provisional (kanye ubunyani unikezelo kwalo eyinqaba, kuba wadalwa ngexesha phambi konyulo).

Ezama RSDLP wayeka ukuthetha kakuhle eli qela, kwaye ukuba akukho mazingabhidaniswa neminye imibutho, ngowe-1918, ukuthiya ngokutsha kaloku kwathi CPSU (i-All-Union Communist Party) kunye bukovkoy edlalwa (b) ekupheleni ukuba akukho amathandabuzo enye utyiwa. Nezishunqulelo yokuqala Ileta de 1925 lithetha "Bonke-Russian", yaye emva zokusekwa kwe-USSR All-Union party yaba. Loo nto wahlala de-1952, nto leyo kwaphawula ukuqala kwabagqibeleleyo socialism kaStalin. Kulo nyaka ebebambe XIX Congress, apho i CPSU (b) igama elithi Communist Party, sele ngaphandle oonobumba ezincinane kwizibiyeli. Yaba igama yokugqibela Leninist party.