Qinisa Aleksandra Nevskogo. Photo. Knights Order Aleksandra Nevskogo

Phakathi iimbasa karhulumente ezininzi eRashiya imbali kunye ezizodwa ngeendlela ezininzi kwindawo ekhethekileyo ke Order of Alexander Nevsky. Ibali olungaqhelekanga yakhe. Umyalelo wabonakala kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, ngowe-1917 uyekwa, uze emva koko-yaziswa ngokutsha ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War. Ngowe-1991, wayeka ukuya khona eSoviet Union, kodwa phezulu-umvuzo, wasinda yoBukhosi baseRashiya yaye eSoviet Union, phawula sokuthimba Amaqhawe Russia entsha. Ukuqhubeka kwalo yokomfuziselo kakhulu. Alimwi Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - abantu ukukhonza ilizwe, abantu hayi ulawulo kwezopolitiko. Kwezi wema, umi kwaye uya kuma ngokuqinileyo Russia oyiNgcwele.

Wayengubani Alexander Nevsky

Owazalwa ngo 1420, umthetheli sele eneminyaka engama-22, waba uloyiso odumileyo zaqaqamba phezu leTeutonic Knights. Ekubulaleni leTeutonic Knights wayengekho luck ejikelezayo. Ndisemncinane, Alexander wayebalasele ubulungisa kunye nokuzinikela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ukongeza italente ubunkokheli, inkosana kungekho iimpawu zobuqu kangako, phakathi kuzo ubukrelekrele eziphakamileyo, inkalipho kunye namazwe isipho ayinakuphikiswa. Cinga kuhlaselwa iRussia ke Kwathi emva Battle kwi-Ice, kodwa sezakhiwo iingalo, iingcamango qhinga kunye nezigqibo ezithile Wahlanganisa ukubetha kwisigqibo sivune izivumelwano angaphandle kweli lizwe kunye nobuhlobo namaqeala eyomeleza ubunzima Novgorod kwi imaphu yezopolitiko Eurasia.

Unqulo kunye ukuhlonelwa Alexander waqalisa phantse nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe yobulungisa ngo-1263. Nangoko, phambi kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuba umyalelo emishini wanikela umphefumlo wakhe kuYehova, enxibe igama emishini uAlexius.

Into yokuba lo mfo ungcwele baba luphawu lo nanobukroti koonyana Russia ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine Omkhulu, waza wahlala njalo de-1917, akukho nto ayimangalisi. Yintoni metamorphoses ngamaxesha kwabaneenkani, ibali kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Akukho umdla omncane bayahlelwa amabhaso kunye imihla yethu.

wayezelwe njani kwaye ngubani Order

Le mbono ukuseka Order of Alexander Nevsky wabonakala kuqala Russian uMlawuli Petra Velikogo, kodwa baqonde oko kwaba kumkani. Noko ke, ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe kuye kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba engqondweni ezithandwayo iye yaseka umfanekiso ngumsindisi yobuqhawe ezweni labo. Yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, inkosana waqhubeka ukukhusela feat nomkhosi wakhe Russian. Phambi kokuqala Battle of Kulikov (1380) Alexander zezinto incorrupt zasiwa abavikeli ilizwe lokuzalwa. Ngowe-1721, Tsar uPeter Omkhulu esigqibeni sokuba inkomfa ukusuka Vladimir ukuya kwikomkhulu elitsha. Le nkqubo noko ilibele, kwaye oko kwenzeka ngenxa ngezinga eliphezulu ukuhlonelwa Amanxiwa umkhululi prince. Izinto ezingcwele ezazikuyo Klin, yaseTver, Vyshny Volochyok, waza wavula indlela yakhe ecaleni elwandle Ilmen, izinziswe e Novgorod. IiPilgrims baba baninzi, kodwa, ngenxa ummiselo kaKesare, ngesiliva wathunyelwa Shlisselburg, apho wahlala de 1724. Ekugqibeleni, uBhishophu uTheodosius wafumana imiyalelo uPetros I ukuze alungiselele kokunikezelwa izinto ezingcwele St. Petersburg de kuye ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kulo nyaka, yaye oko kwenzekileyo. Umlawuli wafa ngaphambi kokuba basungule Order of Alexander Nevsky. Russia khumbula hero zabo.

Order of uCatherine I

UCatherine I, umhlolokazi soMhlekazi-wenguquko, aphathwe ngenyameko abaninzi izimvo zakhe kunye namaphulo. Andiqondi uzakuwushiya ungajongwangwa nenjongo yesahlulo entsha. Baba elisandula kusekwa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Uluhlu amabhaso wavula abantu elinesibhozo - zombini asemkhosini zokunxiba, kulo mba uKumkanikazi ngandlel wagqwetha jikelele kwengcingane yomyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo, ukholelwa ukuba namanenekazi kufuneka ibe kuphela abo baye isithsaba ngokwabo ke yobuqaqawuli. Lo msitho ke lixesha ukuze lingqamane kumtshato intombi uPetros kunye Anna Duke Karl-Friedrich (lomtshato kwenzeka ngo-1725), yaye oku kwaba ithuba ukuthwesa Order of Alexander Nevsky ezine bolunye uhlanga-Holstein, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ozakuzo. Ngelo efanayo ixesha ibunjiwe ummiselo phantsi apho kunako abenikwe abameli umyalelo wamajoni, ngokuqala jikelele ezinkulu. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo abasemagunyeni yangasese itafile kwezikhundla. Kulo efanayo 1725 uCatherine I wakufumanisa ukuba ibhaso lo myalelo kwaye ngokwayo. Ngokubanzi, uKumkanikazi ngenxa yesi sizathu sokuba. Ebukumkanini bakhe inani elipheleleyo Cavaliers yafikelela kubantu 64 (kuquka ngokwakhe).

Ukusuka Catherine ku Catherine

Phambi ekuqalekeni "Golden Age" of UCatherine II malunga namakhulu amathathu amanani abalaseleyo bukhosi lafumana iMbasa Alexander Nevsky. Phakathi kwazo kukho utatomkhulu A. S. Pushkina, Jikelele-in-oyintloko, ithawula (eyaziwa ngokuba arap kaPetros), V. Suvorov, uyise generalissimo kaThixo, academician CG Razumovsky, omlawuli sokuqala kwiYunivesithi Moscow, kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi abadumileyo. kwiikumkani amazwe (kubandakanywa uKumkani Prussia, uFrederick II, uKumkani iPoland Elector of Saxony, Agasti III, i-Georgian uKumkani Kartli neenkosana George kunye Balkar) njengento nembeko enkulu ukuba banxibe le imbasa. Kuye yanikezelwa kunye hetman Ukrainian.

Kunikezelwa phantsi uCatherine Omkhulu

Amabini, anamanci mahlanu bawongwa baba ebukumkanini uCatherine Omkhulu. Ixesha ngokwayo, ngeziganeko zaloo leyo ekhokelele ekukhuleni amandla Russian kunye nokukhula nommandla wayo, kwaye imfazwe noloyiso negalelo koku. AV Suvorov, MI Kutuzov, FF Ushakov - amagama eninzi intetho yonke intliziyo Russian. Wawelela izithethe esekwe yi uCatherine I, njengoko izazinzulu, ababhali-mbali kunye ababhali, naye, kwaba ifanelwe amabhaso ezifana Order of Alexander Nevsky. Russia ebesoloko zizityebi abantu abanetalente, yaye ngandlel 'ithile, impumelelo zabo negalelo uzuko yelizwe kungekho ngaphantsi kwe izenzo abaphathi kunye nenyama. Phakathi abamkeli nga ukhankanye uceba yangasese AI Musin-Pushkin, bafumana ababephila ngexesha nanzalo, "Lala." Yeha, phakathi Knights kwaye edume Moscow oyintloko yamapolisa Arkharov yatyatyamba yala mandla yabaphathi. Kaloku, iimpazamo zisenzeka.

Paul Order

UPawulos ndathatha utshintsho nasekumanyeni inkqubo zokunikwa ngokufaka umyalelo enye ngokuthi, bayashiyana "iiklasi", kodwa ezintsha akukho ngci. Kwenzeka ukuba umyalelo liphezulu yoBukhosi baseRashiya waba Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, emva kwakhe - St. Catherine, indawo yesithathu - .. St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Uphawu waba iribhoni umvuzo ezinxitywa phezu emagxeni. Umbala - elibomvu, kunye ukhozi kabini-intloko, i xifaniso xa tiko. Le Mbasa waba inkwenkwezi yesilivere isithsaba njengenkosana, igama Alexander njenge monogram, kwakunye setyhula Isaci "Kuba lezaBasebenzi kunye Lezwe." Cavalier wathembela yesinxibo ezizodwa isemzimbeni ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo ngexesha utyelelo enkundleni. Xa uPawulos wabonakala elinesibini ezisibhozo kuphela imbasa, ebonisa ubume eziphakamileyo ngokomyalelo.

isimo Order Special

Loo nto inika umdla inkqubo yokufumana uMyalelo yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwakuphelekwa yinkundla kunye namanenekazi nobudlelwane emali. Nokunikwa kwenziwa ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni intlawulo (200 uze 600 engange), kodwa waza wabanika ilungelo umhlalaphantsi okanye ingeniso yonyaka egqithileyo kulo mali. Le umyalelo igcinwe kude 1917, kwaye iinkqubo baya ukugcinwa kumakhaya abakhubazekileyo kunye neziganeko abenaso. Inkcitho ubulungisa Ulawulo olwenziwe yi abanikezwa indlela yebhunga ekhethekileyo, eyonyulwe kakhulu befanelekile.

Umyalelo waba degree omnye kuphela, kodwa umahluko kunjalo bekunokwenzeka. Iimbasa ezongezelelweyo ingqalelo amakrele, iimpawu diamond, kwaye nkqu amakrele nedayimani ezifakwa kunye inkwenkwezi enkulu. iwonga le umgca ochaziweyo, kunye nabanye amabhaso aya uhlobo iyunifom okanye yesinxibo kwakufanelekile ukuba enxibe Order of Alexander Nevsky,, yaye abanye.

Emva kokuba October Revolution, onke amabhaso bokumkani zipheliswe.

Stalin kaThixo "Alexander Nevsky"

1942. Le meko ngaphambili nto inzima, yaye kwinqanaba elithile kubalulekile ngokwenene. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo intsimi yaseYurophu eSoviet Union alingenele utshaba. Lixesha ukukhumbuza abantu mandulo obuzukileyo kunye anobukroti wooyise. EzinguMyalelo weNkundla kunye iimbasa yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, yamkelwa kule minyaka imfazwe yokuqala, ufuzisela ubuzwe memory zembali. Ezakhankanywa Ukusebenzisana kunye nabazalwana jikelele abasebenzi imisiwe kwaye esendimbaneni, xa newsreels kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa. sabasebenzi German phantsi kwebhanile lwamaNazi lowanyathela ilizwe lethu. Kufuneka zokoyisa ndiwagxothe, nalapho ke kuphela, mhlawumbi, ukuba ukuthetha malunga revolution yehlabathi.

I. V. Stalin wanika umyalelo ukuphuhlisa Zoba iimbasa, ogama emva kokuba iinjengele enkulu - Kutuzov, Suvorov kunye Aleksandra Nevskogo. Technical Committee Iinkonzo Logistics uyaqhubeka obalulekileyo umsebenzi karhulumente. inkalo Artistic le nto uyiphathisiweyo I. S. Telyatnikovu - ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu mculi (wezakhiwo).

Movie star kuMyalelo

Lo msebenzi sabelwa Telyatnikova, akayi lula, stylistically zonke zontathu-odolo kufuneka beme ngendlela efanayo, izakuthatwa yomfanekiso ngundoqo umlinganiswa emva lowo bhaso igama. Imifanekiso ka Suvorov kunye Kutuzov amagcisa anayo. ukuba wayeza kunikela iMbasa Alexander Nevsky ubuso kabani? I-USSR waba ngamandla amakhulu cinematic. Ngowe-1938, uSergey Eyzenshteyn wenza umboniso malunga Battle of the Ice. Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov wakufumanisa unako ukusebenzisa umfanekiso amanene Heraldry esekwe zolinganiso UNikolai urgant. Ababukeli owoyamaniswe kuyo ukuba Alexander Nevsky ukhangela ngaloo ndlela, nangona ukuvela ligorha intsomi alaziwa unanamhla ngenxa yokungabikho in vivo imifanekiso.

Umgangatho nobungakanani

Order kwaba ezintle. Ngomhla ngesiphakamiso ngabameli Mint phezu lula ubuchule yokuvelisa (ukuba kube lula ukuba tselnoshtampovannyh) Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov ngenkani waphendula ukuba ibhaso kufuneka zenziwe iindawo ezininzi ndawonye. I. V. Stalin, emva kokuva amacala, wathabatha indawo lombhali. Noko ke, kungekudala ngenxa ngokubonakala ubuqhawe kunobukhulu amasoldati oluBomvu Army, wavelelwa ukuya lula ubugcisa. izinto zokuvelisa Engundoqo - isilivere (925 eqatywe) kunye lwawo. Ngaphezu amane anesibini amawaka ezi mbasa ziye ezikhutshwe ngexesha lemfazwe. iimbasa ezininzi kunye neembasa WWII uvelisa iikopi ezimbalwa, kodwa ke ngamanye amaxesha ukulondoloza ngaphezulu. Eyona nto kukuba ufumana uzuko eliphezulu banxibe okhuselayo umfanekiso yelizwe Russian kuphela daredevils lithemba, saziswa uloyiso elizayo phezu ebomini bakho. abalinganiswa Ghibli umvuzo wabo, kungelula ukulondoloza ...

Ngubani le Knights Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo? Uluhlu wavula ngqwayi 42 anobukroti oluBomvu Army ngoNovemba, uCaptain SP Tsybulin kunye uLieutenant I. N. bam. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba umyalelo uya kuba ngokwenene ibhaso yabantu kwaye baya kufumana neerhuluneli zayo abasezantsi, kuquka abathetheli-regiments, kodwa kamva zandiswa kwisangqa ofanele ukubandakanya ngqwayi iyantlukwano kunye nezo njengele zokucima. Imfuneko ibalulekileyo kukuba izigqibo zabo wabonakala nobuchule, isibindi nokuzimisela, iimpawu Prince Alexander. Yamkhathaza kunye ukulingana kwamandla ngexesha ngenxa yesifo ngempumelelo. Ukuba utshaba ninzi ngaphezu indima yethu, wabalekiselwa uhlaselo, yaye ngaloo ndlela zatshatyalaliswa okanye wabaleka, yaye kwaba ithuba phambi ibhaso ukuya iqhawe. Emva koko, njengoko inkqubo umkhosi umgangatho balandela ePhakamileyo Council of Ndiwise umthetho. Akuvamile kwakukho iimeko xa wawongwa Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo bawongwa eli bhaso kwakhona (kancinane ngaphezu kwekhulu) zenjenjalo ityala ekhethekileyo, ukuba ezifubeni wazihombisa emithathu (eyaziwa kuzo zonke zontathu ezi amajoni akhaliphileyo).

Ngenxa yoko, umphathi inkampani umbayimbayi Ivan M. Grey kunye neyunithi ayinikwe ngoJuni 1944, ngesibindi wahlasela imikhosi ophezulu lotshaba, ngenkalipho waya izikhundla bakhe umlilo watshabalalisa malunga amahlanu amaNazi German. Iinqaba kuthinjwa amajoni angamakhulu eSoviet ivuthwe, alwa kude lokuhlaselwa ezintandathu. Ngosuku olulandelayo inkampani bawela umlambo waya ngasemva lotshaba, kunokuba ukuvumela indlela imikhosi eziyintloko phambili amabutho Soviet. Ngoko Company Commander Grey waba knight Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kodwa hero zange ayeke khona. Webutho, yaba phambili, kwaye ngoJulayi nenkampani IM Grey, ebonisa ubuqhawe nomkhosi wamelana amaNazi, uze ukrwele utshaba ibe isiphithiphithi. Eli bhaso yesibini umvuzo olulifaneleyo.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, kukho iimeko apho amaqela umthetho yi Awaxela namagosa ezincinane. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - ngumvuzo amagosa, kodwa kwezi meko yaye ukhonza abasebenzi bafakwe efanele oko. Kakhulu bakuqonda uqulukubhode kunye nabafazi abambalwa, ngubani babesilwela imiphambili. Amagosa butho "Normandie-Niemen" French Leon Kafo, uPierre Joseph Risso Pouyade kunye iimbasa elifumanekileyo ubuqhawe esibhakabhakeni.

Emva Ukoyisa Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, akukho namnye yanikezelwa. Ngexesha le mvukelo Hungarian ezimbalwa idindala Soviet, esebenza konke ngokungafihlisiyo, angaphumelela ngokukhokela amandla encinane. Awabasondezayo kunye eli bhaso.

Ngaphambi kuka-2005, baqhubeka le ntetho yamabhaso kwabo abo bangakwazanga ukufumana kwazo ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngamanye amaxesha abalinganiswa ngisho nokuwabona nemivuzo yabo.

Umyalelo entsha endala

Emva kokuba ngokuwa yamanqaku USSR yiSoviet yesahlulo emkhosini abangekho ahlala phantsi. Baye indawo iimbasa ezintsha kunye IMbasa Russian Federation, xa ngesebe yakhe zokuvakalisa ukuqhubeka uRhulumente Russian. Ukongeza i-Gold Star of Hero, bambalwa imivuzo egciniweyo igama layo. Imbonakalo zimpawu nayo iye yaguquka iisimboli karhulumente eSoviet wanika indlela entsha (okanye ezindala), ingubo lwesizwe, ukhozi kabini-intloko. Ngo-2010, Walizinzisa Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation, ukugcina ingqiqo eliphezulu langaphambili.

Ngokommiselo ibhaso izicaka zoluntu ofanelekileyo kunye nabanye abemi abathe umsebenzi wabo okanye anobukroti negalelo ukuchuma lizwe, amvelisele inkangeleko yayo. Akukhathaliseki nokuba kwenziwa imizamo entsimini kwemicimbi zomkhosi, inzululwazi, inkcubeko, impilo, imfundo okanye eminye imisebenzi. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation ukuze kunikwa kuphela manenekazi ezinye amabhaso phezulu ezweni labo. Yanikezelwa kuwo ukuze babe ngabemi angaphandle okanye izifundo, ukuba negalelo intsebenziswano echumayo ngamazwe. Ukongeza ngumqondiso ophambili ekhutshwe iziseko kunye neekopi elincinane leyo zinganxitywa kwi iyunifom okanye neempahla zokunxiba kwicala lasekhohlo apha esifubeni. Yena ke wakhumbula kwaye Isaci endala yobuqaqawuli "Kuba kuBasebenzi Homeland", nto leyo ngoku ebhaliweyo umva. Ukuba umntu yanikezelwa ngaphambili wawongwa Order of St. Catherine, iRibhoni ebonisa Order of St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, kumele ukuba zinxitywe asezantsi.

Order New Russian of Knights

Order waphila Russian Bukhosi umnqamlezo ngokwangaphandle ngeqanda, ayithethi ukuba umfanekiso umdlali urgant, kodwa medallion ngeenxa zonke, inxalenye usembindini ubume ekhoyo nani samahashe efaniswe umthetheli-igorha liye abe ngcwele.

Kancinci modified kwaye indlela apho wawongwa Order of Alexander Nevsky. Amafoto Knights yanika eendaba akusoloko sikhatshwe kokupapashwa komyalelo efanelekileyo, nangona inyaniso yokuba ewonga akukho mfihlelo is not about namnye kubo uyaziwa kwimithombo zoluntu. Kule minyaka mine idlulileyo iye yadlula asixhenxe. Phakathi imbeko eliphezulu ibhasari kunye nabadlali (V. S. Lanovoy kunye V. A. Etush), kunye nababingeleli Orthodox, kuquka nezo yaseRussia kunye Ukrainian Churches uyise uCyril noyise, Vladimir, kwaye engumfuziselo karhulumente, kunye nabameli kwezoshishino (umzekelo, . V. Deripaska). Order Russian Aleksandra Nevskogo apho Belarusian uMongameli Lukashenko. Hayi ulibele, nabo abo kwaqinisa imbeko yemisebenzi zemidlalo zelizwe lethu, phakathi kwabo Tatiana Pokrovskaya - Umqeqeshi weqela lokudada ilungelelaniswe. State Duma namasekela kunye Inqina Zyuganov uphinde wathola imbeko omkhulu enxibe esifubeni sakhe umfanekiso St. Alexander.

Kodwa ewonga kwenzeka oko kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Lo myalelo kufuneka anokuzuzwa umsebenzi onzima ukuze kuxhamle eRashiya iminyaka emininzi, yaye maxa wambi amashumi eminyaka.