Yokubiza lo mthetho weKomishoni uCatherine II, indima yalo kuphuhliso lomthetho Russian

UKumkanikazi uCatherine II waqalisa wobukumkani bakhe izimilo umoya umgaqo-nkqubo "absolutism bakhanyiselwa", ngokukhuthazwa umsebenzi iinkcuba ezininzi eYurophu. Njengoko usazi, i "absolutism bakhanyiselwa" kakhulu kucingelwa yokulingana bonke abantu kweli lizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba udidi lwabo, phambi komthetho omnye. Ngoko ke, ngo-1767 ukuba ibizwe lowiso Commission ka UCatherine 2, injongo apho ukusekwa kwisethi entsha imithetho ekhusela umdla zonke iiklasi zabemi. UKumkanikazi wayekholelwa ukuba kwanele ukuba ingcamango freestyle Russian ziya kuxhaswa yi abameli kwezikhundla ezininzi iiklasi, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukomeleza indawo yayo etroneni asebukhosini.

Ngenxa yoko, iKomishoni Code liqumrhu ehlangeneyo, amenywa ukuba alungiselele imithetho, oqale ukusebenza emva ngo-1649. Zonke imbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya enkantolo iikomiti ezinjalo ezisixhenxe. Kakhulu elikhulu-scale sele umhlalaphantsi nokukhweba Yowiso Commission uCatherine II, leyo wayehlukile ukumelwa odlulileyo ububanzi (ngoku amasekela yokukhethwa ukuba abemi - ummeli omnye umzi, izidwangube, abalimi kunye basemzini). Ilungelo ukuba kunyulwa ePalamente, ndayihluthwa abameli yamandla omoya kunye ngamakhoboka. Isisekelo Commission uCatherine II yayiquka amalungu-450, uninzi lwazo na nabameli abemi (36%) iindwalutho (33%) kunye balana (20%).

Namasekela yeKomishoni mthetho wanikwa amaninzi amalungelo. Ngoko ke, bafumana umvuzo owongezelelweyo, ayikwazanga phantsi ukohlwaya ngokubetha, ukungcungcuthekiswa, nokufa, imizi yabo asikwazanga kubanjwa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko (ngaphandle ebolekiweyo). Udelele ibamba ndamvelelayo Ukubekwa kwesohlwayo kakhulu.

Kokubizwa lo mthetho weKomishoni uCatherine II yabalasela enye ezinomdla kakhulu kubahlali ezintsha Russia. UKumkanikazi ngokobuqu ekuthiwa-"Imiyalelo" ukuze amasekela, ukuba Bakhokelwa xa besenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. In "Imiyalelo" bakhe UCatherine ebekwe izimvo zawo phezu mingeni iphambili zeKomishoni mthetho. Okubhaliweyo loxwebhu yayiquka izahluko ezimashumi mabini, yahlulwe amanqaku. Abanye babo zazibhalwe umoya imithetho sobulumko French Charles uMontesquieu, inxalenye - ngomoya iincwadi Italian C. Beccaria, "mthetho kunye Zokohlwaya".

UKumkanikazi wayeqinisekile ukuba uhlobo kunokwenzeka kuphela orhulumente kwilizwe omkhulu naseRussia yinto neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo. Ukukhusela bonke abemi ukususela unya kunye nalwazelelelo lo kumkani kunye neKhomishoni mthetho kufuneka kuzinza, nto leyo neerhuluneli banalo ilungelo lokuvakalisa irhuluneli yangoku inembono yokuba, umzekelo, ukwamkelwa ummiselo akwamkelekanga phantsi imeko yangoku, oko kuchasene ngokoluvo zeKomishoni lowiso, kwaye ngoko ke, mayingabi sakhululwa esidlangalaleni. Lamanqaku "Igunya" enikelwe kuphuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe, ulwakhiwo ezidolophini ezintsha, uphuhliso ushishino, ezolimo kunye norhwebo.

Kokubizwa iKomishoni lwezoMthetho ehlotyeni ka 1767. Umqala wamantla ayo yabalasela ezinkonzweni Kwingcingane Cathedral of the yesicelo kunye ubukho lobuqu uCatherine II. Onke amalungu phambi kwentlanganiso wathabatha isifungo. Ekwindla 1768 i imfazwe phakathi Russia kunye Ottoman, zifuna ukubakho zamasekela ezininzi lwezithuba yomkhosi empini. Yalelani A. Bibikov yabhengezwa ukupheliswa iintlanganiso zawo. Yokubiza lo mthetho weKomishoni uCatherine II kwintlanganiso yokugqibela yale hlobo abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo Russia. Ngaphandle koku, ukuzama ukwenza i iklasi-ezimele umzimba efanayo uKumkanikazi wamvusa emehlweni abantu, ukukhulisa inkangeleko yayo indalo zombini eRashiya kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo.