Ummandla waseLeninabad, eTajikistan: izithili kunye nezixeko

Esi sifundeni samanje saseSughd saseTajikistan, isikhungo sokulawula esisixeko saseKhujand, de kube ngu-1991 ebizwa ngokuba ngummandla waseLeninabad waseTajikistan, indawo yendawo yesithili yayibizwa ngokuba nguLeninabad.

Indawo yeendawo

Le meko, ukusuka kwimbono yezopolitiko zezopolitiko, ehlala kwindawo yaseLeninabad (iTajikistan), iqikelelwa njengenzuzo, nangona ukuba ummandla akanakho ukufikelela olwandle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuchuma kweKhujand kwaqhutyelwa indawo yayo. Nguye kuphela umzi olele e-bhanini yomlambo omkhulu kwi-Asia Ephakathi -Syr Darya - kwaye wayekusempambanweni yeNdlela eNkulu yeSilk. Oku kwafaka isandla ekuphuhliseni ubudlelwane bezorhwebo namazwe athuthukileyo aseMpuma naseNtshona kwiintsuku zakudala.

Ummandla waseLeninabad (Sughd) ujikelezwe ziintaba zeTien Shan kunye neGissar-Altai. Ukusuka ngasentla kuluhlu lweKuramin kunye neentaba zaseMogoltau, ezantsi-intlabathi yeTurkestan kunye neentaba zeZeravshan. Imida ye-Kyrgyzstan ne-Uzbekistan. Phakathi kweKuramin kunye neel Turkestan kummandla wentshona ye-Ferghana Valley, apho indawo leyo ikhona khona.

Kwintsimi yayo imilambo emibini. Eyona nto enkulu kunazo zonke iSyr Darya kunye neZeravshan kwi-Asia ephakathi, ephuma kwi-glacier yamagquma enegama elifanayo. Bobabini iZeravshan kunye neentlobo zaso zokutya zifumana ukutya okulungileyo ukususela kwi-glaciers, iindawo ezinkulu zokugcina amanzi. Zasetyenziselwa ukunkcenkcesha amathafa.

Imbali yeKhujand

Khudzhand iminyaka eyiwaka yayiyiziko lempucuko e- Central Asia. Indawo yeso sixeko igalelo ekuphuhliseni kwayo ngokukhawuleza nokuchuma. I-Ancestor yeedolophu ezindala, ezifana ne-Samarkand, iKhiva, Bukhara, wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwalo mmandla wase-Asia Ephakathi.

Kuye kwadlula i-Great Silk Road. Abathengisi baseKhuand, bebuya emazweni akude, bezingenise iimpahla zaphesheya, kodwa nolwazi. Isixeko sakhula, ulimo kunye nemfuyo yimiba ephambili yabemi beendawo ezikufutshane. Imveliso eyenziwa kuye. Urhwebo lithathe indawo ekhethekileyo.

Isixeko esityebi sasempumalanga, uye wahlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabahlaseli, abaphupha ngokuwunqoba nokuphanga. Kodwa iimbali zigcinwe ubungqina bokunqoba kwiphondo ngemikhosi ka-Aleksandro Omkhulu, owalondoloza umzi waza wancedisa ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Wamkela igama elitsha i-Alexandria Eshata (Extreme).

Ukuhlasela kweMongol-Tatars kwamsusa ngokupheleleyo ebusweni bomhlaba. Kodwa isixeko savuselelwa kwakhona. Oku kwaqhutyelwa yindawo yakhe efanelekileyo.

Njengenxalenye yolawulo lwaseRussia

Kwagqitywa amakhulu eminyaka, loo mzi wancipha ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhlisweni waza waqala ukudlala indima engabalulekanga, yephondo kwimpilo ye-Asia ephakathi. Isikhundla esiphambili sasihlala eSamarkand, Bukhara, Kokand. Abemi basebenze kwezolimo, kwaye kuphela inxalenye encinci yokuthengiswa kwezobugcisa, ngokukodwa ukugqoka iimpahla zesilika.

Ngowe-1866 uKhujand wanqotshwa ngumkhosi waseRashiya waza wahlanganiswa kwiRhulumente waseRussia. Ukwakhiwa kaloliwe kuye kwaphefumlela ubomi obutsha. Yaba liziko leendlela zokudibanisa iFergana, iZeravshan kunye neTashkent oasis.

Abasebenzi bomsebenzi woololiwe, iinjineli zokwakhiwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezitishi zezithuthi zathunyelwa kwisixeko. Nabadokotela kunye nootitshala beza kunye nabo. Isikolo kunye nesibhedlele savuleka. Amashishini amashishini amancinci abonakalayo. Oku kwaqhutyiswa yimithombo yendalo, ngokukodwa i-oyile, isinyithi esingenamarha.

E-USSR

Nangona uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lweso sixeko, lwahlala umda weRussia waseRussia kunye namashishini amancinci amancinci, ikakhulukazi ukugcoba. Ummandla ogqwesileyo omkhulu weLeninabad ufikelele kwi-USSR. Amashishini amasha ayakhiwa, abadala bavuselelwa kwakhona. Abasebenzi abafanelekile beza kummandla: iinjineli, abasebenzi, oogqirha, ootitshala, izazinzulu ezazifunda izixhobo zendalo. Izikolo, izibhedlele, izikolo zezifundo zavulwa, zaqeqesha abasebenzi abatsha, kubandakanywa nalabo basekuhlaleni.

Isixeko saseKhujn saqanjwa ngokuthi uLeninabad. Yaba yikhungo solawulo, isithili sinezixeko ezi-8 ezineziseko eziphuhlisiweyo kunye noshishino. Kwintsimi yommandla waqala ukuhlamba amalahle, ioli, i-zinc, i-lead, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-antimony kunye ne-mercury. Amaziko amashishini amakhulu kunye nokucubungula awakhiwe. ELeninabad kwakhiwe udidi olukhulu lweempahla zelinen.

Ingaphezulu kweyesithathu yesiphumo soshishino seRiphablikhi yanikezwa ngummandla waseLeninabad. I-Tajik SSR kumntu wayo ithola inkokeli yezoshishino kunye nezoqoqosho.

Amadolophu aseLeninabad (iSuphu)

Siyabulela kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikuloo ndawo, izikhundla eziphambili kwezoqoqosho lwaseTajikistan zihlala kwindawo yaseLeninabad. Iidolophu ezibandakanya ukubunjwa kwazo zinamashishini amakhulu shishini, ezinye zazo zazihlukile.

Ingqikithi, ummandla wawunezixeko ezi-8, kuquka uLeninabad. Abaninzi babo banembali yamandulo kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ininzi yezixeko yayiyi-backbone yecandelo le-Leninabad:

• Istaravshan (Ura-Tube). Itholakala kumanqumla e-Turkestan Range kwiikhilomitha ezili-78 ukusuka kwiziko lesithili. Uhlala kuwo abantu abangamawaka angama-63.
• Isixeko sase-Isfara, sisezintabeni zeTurkestan kwiMlambo i-Isfara. Kukho abantu abangamawaka abangama-43.
• I-Kayrakum (iKhojent). Itholakala kwintsimi ye-Karakum. Kukho abantu abangamawaka abangama-43.
• Umzi wePenjikent useMlambo waseZarafshan, kwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezili-900 ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle. Ubemi bangama-36.5 abantu.

Khujand

ULeninabad, i-Khujand yanamhlanje, enye yezona zixeko ezihle kakhulu e-Ferghana Valley. Ehamba ngeentaba zentaba, zikhukhula ilanga, zidilika kwiindidi kunye neentyantyambo, yinto eyoqobo ye-oasis. I-Syr Darya kunye nekhefu leKarakum lenza imozulu ibe yincinci, kwaye ukufudumala okusemzantsi kuhanjiswa kalula. Iintaba zikhusela kwiindawo zasentlango ezitshisayo ehlobo nasebusweni obusika.

Isixeko saseLeninabad kunye neLeninabad sasihlala esinye sezikhundla eziphambili kwezoqoqosho lweTajik SSR, eyabangela ukuba baphumelele. Izibonelelo zedolophu zaphuhliswa. Iindawo zokuhlala ezitsha, izikolo, izibhedlele, ootitshala bezilwane, iinkundla zeendlovu zenkcubeko, izakhiwo zezemidlalo zakhiwe. Isixeko sasivula isikolo sootitshala, izikolo ezininzi zeekhokhnoloji kunye neekholeji. Ukuphucula ukuthunyelwa kwezothutho, iilayini ze-trolleybus zafakwa.

Ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa kwizikhumbuzo zakhiwo, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa. Kwakuqhutywe ukucwanwa kwezinto zakudala zedolophu. Iimyuziyam zeMbali kunye neNgingqi yaseLore, i-comedy of comedy comedy yavulwa. I-Garden Botanical Garden ye-Academy ye-Tajik SSR yasungulwa.

ULeninabad waba liziko loshishino lwe-Asia ephakathi. Inani elikhulu lamashishini amakhulu asebenzayo: ukuhlanganiswa kweempahla zelinen, i-grenade, i-cotton gin, isitya seglasi, isityalo se-electrotechnical, i-milk and canning plants, nokunye okuninzi.

Idolophu yaseThaboshar

Kwintsimi yommandla yidolophana encinci eThaboshar. Ummandla waseLeninabad (iTajikistan) unamadolophu amaninzi kunye nemizana, enexabiso elibalulekileyo le-USSR. Eceleni kweTaboshar kukho iiponsi ezizityebi ze-polymetallic ores eziqukethe i-zinc kunye nekhokelo, kunye nesilivere, igolide, ubhedu, ibismuth kunye nezinye iinsimbi zathathwa kuzo.

Ekufuphi kukho "ukulahla" - ukungcwatywa kwezinto zokucocwa kwezinto ezikhoyo. Apha, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, i-uranium ekhishwe, eyayiqhutyelwa kwiKoklovsk. Kwisixeko ukususela ngo-1968 isityalo "Inkwenkwezi yeMpuma" sisebenza, apho bavelisa khona iinjongo kunye neenjini ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngoku baxhambile, ekubeni ukuwa kwe-USSR ininzi yabemi befudukela eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Esi sixeko sahlala ngabemi abafuduka bevela e-Western Ukraine, eBaltic naseVolga Germans.

Idolophu namhlanje inabantu abangama-13.5 kuphela, abaninzi abangasebenzi. Xa kwakuyindawo ephithiweyo, epholileyo kunye nehleko eneebhola ze-blackberry, iintyatyambo kwizididi zangaphambili, kwaye entwasahlobo umzi wangcwatyelwa kwintambo yeebhilikri eziqhakazileyo, phezu kwazo iifubrifane kunye neentlanzi ezijikelezayo.

Chkalovsk

I-Leninabad iMining and Combine Combine, eyakhiwe ngo-1946, yazala isixeko esibizwa ngeChikvskvsk. Ummandla waseLeninabad ufumene esinye isixeko ngokubunjwa kwayo. Namhlanje zihlala malunga nabantu abayi-21 amawaka. Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, malunga ne-80% yabemi basekuqaleni bashiya ukuhlala.

Esi sityalo sanikezeli nje kuphela kwisixeko, kodwa nakwi-reactor yokuqala ye-athomu kunye ne-bhomu yokuqala ye-athomu ye-Soviet, eyayiqhutywe nge -uranium ephuculweyo kwisityalo. Izinto zokurhweba zivela kuzo zonke iipompositi zase-Asia Ephakathi kunye ne-Valley of Fergana, ezazininzi.

Kwisayithi yeso sixeko kwakhiwa idolophana elungileyo, apho abakhi kunye nabasebenzi bezityalo behlala khona. Ngentuthuko yayo, ukuhlaliswa kwenyuka, kwanikwa isimo salo mzi ngo-1956. E-Chkalovsk kwakukho izikolo eziphambili, i-kindergartens, i-polyclinics, i-cinemas kunye neehotele ezimbini.

Ukutyhala kwiindawo eziqhotyoshelweyo kunye neentyantyambo, kunye nezibonelelo eziphuhlisiweyo - esi sixeko sawakhunjulwa ngabemi bayo, abashiye. Umbuso weBuston wangoku, igama alifumene ngexesha lethu, lishiya into enqwenelekayo. Xa amaqumrhu anamandla engasebenzi, izindlu azihlali zihlala zimanzi, zivame ukucima umbane, obangela ukuba abahlali abasele bahambe kwindawo yabo yokuhlala.

Izithili zaseLeninabad

Indawo yokuhlala kwendawo yaseLeninabad, imilambo yaseSy Darya kunye neZarafshan, iqula leKarakum lenze iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokulima. Kuyo yonke intsimi yendawo kukho igadi kunye namasimi, apho ininzi imifuno ikhulile. Kwaye kwimihla yaseSoviet izityalo zokuvelisa iziqhamo kunye nemveliso yemifuno zakhiwe apha. Kukho izithili ezi-14 zezolimo kule ndawo. Ngezantsi uluhlu lweendawo kunye nenani labahlali (amawaka abantu):

• Aininsky - 76.9;
• Asht - 151.6;
• Bobo-Gafurovsky - 347.4;
• Devastich - 154.3;
• Gorno-Matchinsky-22.8;
• Jabbar-Rasulovsky - 125.0;
• Zafarabad - 67.4;
• Istaravshan - 185.6;
• Isfara - 204,5;
• Kanibadamsky - 146.3;
• Matchinsky - 113.4;
• Penjikent - 231.2;
• Spitamensky - 128.7;
• Shahristansky - 38,5.

Isikhundla esiphambili ekusebenziseni imveliso yezilwanyana kwiRiphablikhi yayigcinwe yi-Oblast yaseLeninabad, imimandla yayo eyayibandakanyeke ekuveliseni ubisi, inyama-oku kukukhokelo oluphambili lwemfuyo. Eentabeni, bahlakulela iibhokhwe neenkunzi zeegusha. Ingqalelo eninzi ihlawulwa ekuhlaleni ikotoni.

Sithili se Khojent

Ukuqamba kabusha akuzange kudlulele kunye kunye nenkulu, kwisithili seKhojent. Ummandla waseLeninabad waba ngummandla we-Sughd, isixeko saseLeninabad sithiwa iKhujand, isithili saseKhojent saqanjwa ngokuthi nguBobo-Gafurovsky. Isiko salo solawulo yiGafurov yokuhlala.

Ummandla useMgodini weFergana kwaye yiyona ndawo ephakamileyo kunye nezolimo kwiLeninabad (esifundeni saseSughd). Ngasenyakatho, umda wayo udlulela kwingingqi yaseTashkent, eningizimu - kunye neKyrgyzstan. Kwintsimi kukho isityalo esikhulu kunye neenkampani zokutya ezincinci.

Ummandla udibanisa kwiziko lezithili, ngoko ke lijoliswe kwimveliso yezolimo. Unika abantu baseKhujand imifuno neziqhamo, ezikhulu kummandla, kunye nobisi kunye nenyama.