Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini (2014). Uninzi kwiinkampani ze-oyile ezinkulu ehlabathini

Ishishini neoli icandelo ephambili amafutha kunye namandla kwishishini jikelele. Oku kuchaphazela kuphela ubudlelwane ngezizwe kwezoqoqosho, kodwa ebangela lweemfazwe zomkhosi. Eli nqaku inika nokurhafiswa Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini, nto leyo phambili kwimveliso ye-oyile.

nenqubo olusuka

Ekwenzeni simo ziingcali yeoli ziqikelela iinkampani inkulu ehlabathini kwindlela ezisisiseko ezifana:

• komthamo nezokukhupha izinto ekrwada;
• zolondolozo ezikhoyo;
• umthamo processing;
• indlela yokusebenza kwezimali kwiinkampani ze-oyile;
• Ukuthengiswa komthamo oyile kunye neemveliso esulungekisiweyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo onke amanqaku ezaziwayo zinokwahluka phakathi kwabo. Oku kungenxa yokusetyenziswa kweekhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo ngexesha uvandlakanyo. Umzekelo, umlinganiselo Energy Intelligence yakhiwe ngokusekelwe lwezibonisi ubuninzi yemveliso (amandla emveliso, oovimba, imithamo processing kunye neentengiso) kunye neempawu zemali azikho. Siza kujonga uluhlu lwe iinkampani best ioli, ngubani owenza Forbes.

Ezireyitha Anaki ioli, njengako Forbes

Forbes wabeka uluhlu lwakhe, nto leyo emele kwiinkampani ze-oyile ezinkulu ehlabathini ngo-2014. Olu luhlu luquka i iinkampani 25 avelisa le mali inkulu zamafutha ehlabathini. Makhe zihlale phezu Anaki zinamandla yale rating.

Saudi Aramco

Saudi Arabia uthathwa njengenkokeli ehlabathini kushishino oyile. Saudi Aramco Corporation yeyona corporation amandla enkulu yesizwe. Kuye uthungelwano ubuchule bokulungelelanisa, lilawula ukuthuthwa ioli. Saudi Aramco yeyona fleet kwelikhulu entsha supertankers, leyo ayifani nkqu Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini.

Ngokutsho rating, ombutho ngo-2014 ukuze ufumane ioli kwiimali ezinkulu - imiphanda ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 ngosuku. A isixa esikhulu zeoli eli lizwe uvelisa emazibukweni kwiPhondo laseMpuma. Le nkampani kwakhona inomngxuma kwi amanzi oLwandle oluBomvu kunye nePersian Gulf.

Namhlanje, i-ofisi enkulu inkampani ulawula 99% woovimba zegolide zegolide e Saudi Arabia, nto leyo ¼ ka loovimba yeoli ehlabathini lonke.

"Gazprom Neft" Inkampani

Le lweshishini yinkampani oyile enamandla eRashiya. Le nkampani izibandakanye iindawo wokuhlola zempahla ekrwada, imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa oyile negesi, kunye nemveliso petroleum kulo. inkampani amasebe kuzo zonke iingingqi oyile negesi kweli lizwe. Izityalo eziphambili zithengiswe ezikwiingingqi Yaroslavl, eOmsk kunye eMoscow. Ukongezelela, "ioli Gazprom" lifezekisa iiprojekthi lwemveliso oyile eVenezuela, Iraq kunye namanye amazwe ngempumelelo. Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini zinika izivumelwano ngentsebenziswano Russian kushishino oyile.

"Gazprom Neft" Eli qela liqulethe kweeyunithi kumaziko 80 kummandla eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa ipateni esekwe kakuhle yentengiso, inkampani ethengisa elininzi ioli phezu kurhwebo lwasemakhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Xa nokulahlwa "ioli Gazprom" kukho ngaphezu kwama 1,700 Ukugcinwa kwi kummandla Russia, ico naseYurophu.

Ngokutsho Forbes uqikelela, inkampani "Gazprom Neft" anazo indawo yesibini kwi simo "iinkampani inkulu ioli zehlabathi ngo-2014" kwaye inomthamo imiphanda yezigidi 9.7 ngosuku kwimveliso.

National Iranian Oil Company

kwimveliso ye-oyile e Iran kwaqala ngo-1908. Emva kweminyaka engama-40, i-Oil Ubulungiseleli Iranian kwasekwa i-National Iran Oil Company (NIOC), ogama iinjongo ayegqogqa naseolini nezinomtsalane kwenkunzi amazwe. Ngelo xesha, igolide emnyama uthathe indima ephambili kuphuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe, ngoko imveliso zegolide abamnyama wafumana iwonga le zezindlu zooyise kazwelonke bafudukela kolawulo ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente.

Ngoku le nkampani ibandakanyeka ke nezokukhupha igesi kunye neoli, yokuhamba kwamanye amazwe. Le nkampani kakhulu onikezela kwemveliso yezityalo kunye izicokisi kweli lizwe, yaye uthengisa surplus amazwe ngokungqinelana quota of "OPEC".

NIOC igqalwa enye kwiinkampani ze-oyile sikhulu ehlabathini. It has 1/10 loovimba yeoli yehlabathi. Le nkampani ungumnini oyile negesi ethwele kummandla Iran, Azerbaijan kunye Sea North. Imisebenzi NIOC i division olubanzi libandakanywe ukuhlola, ukubhola, imveliso, yokucokisa kunye nokuthuthwa resources. Ubume nkampani 21 Inkampani ezizalwa, ezimbini kuzo inkulu.

Xa rating "Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini 2014» NIOC ukho kwindawo yesithathu ngesalathisi yemveliso ngeoli imiphanda yezigidi 6.4 ngosuku. Iran yenye yeenkokheli yepetroleum ehlabathini, kodwa ngenxa kwanyanzeliswa kwezohlwayo nxamnye inkampani yakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wegolide emnyama.

ExxonMobil

inkampani ExxonMobil uqale umsebenzi wayo ngokusekelwe trust Standard Oli, yasungulwa Billionaire American John D. Rockefeller ngo-1882. Eyaziwa kule mihla Corporation lasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX ngenxa ngokudibana brand ezimbini Exxon kunye Mobil, phantsi apho oyile izithuthi ngoku zenziwe kunye izinto zokuthambisa.

I-American Petroleum Corporation ibandakanyeka kuphuhliso ezintsha amasimi ioli, imveliso yawo, uthutho kunye neentengiso. Kwakhona ExxonMobil uvelisa ioli: olefins, polyethylene, ezinepolypropylene kunye nencasa. Le nkampani libandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo kwezomnotho ngamazwe kwaye ancedisane namazwe 47.

Le nkampani oyile ExxonMobil yeyona corporation amandla enkulu ngamazwe. Yena uthathwa njengenkokeli kwi ukalisho yoshishino ngempumelelo yaye kuziindleko, equka iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini. Ixabiso lentengiso ExxonMobil ingaphezulu kwe-400 ezigidi US zeerandi. Ngokwemiqathango kobungakanani oyile (malunga nezigidi ezi-5 imiphanda ngosuku) Corporation ithatha indawo yesine simo ngamazwe.

PetroChina

Le nkampani PetroChina sesona ioli corporation eTshayina. Ngokwexabiso sezabelo kunye naye bakhuphisane Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini. PetroChina izibambiso bethengisa New York kunye Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Emva umba sabelana e Shanghai ixabiso lentengiso inkampani amafutha kathathu, efikelela oyintsobi yalowo ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi zeerandi.

Ukongeza nemigodi kunye nokuqhutywa oyile PetroChina ibandakanyeka efakwa lwezibonelelo zophando, ukucoca imichiza, imibhobho, imveliso kunye nokuthengisa. Ngokutsho Forbes, inkampani ahleli kwindawo yesihlanu simo bemibutho yeoli elimiweyo kwisalathiso imveliso imiphanda yezigidi 4.4 ngosuku.

Uqikelelo kwimveliso ye-oyile

Edreyi oyile World uceba ukunciphisa imisebenzi nokombiwa kwegolide omnyama ngenxa ekuweni ngokukhawuleza kwamaxabiso oyile ehlotyeni ka-2014. Ngenxa yale meko kwimarike nenzuzo yenkampani zehla kakhulu. Nangona ExxonMobil, Saudi Aramco, PetroChina kunye nezinye iinkampani neoli ezinkulu ehlabathini ukufumana ingeniso engakumbi, abanye kubo wagqiba ekubeni ayeke ukwandiswa umsebenzi kunye ukuvala iindawo ubuncinane inzuzo. Ngokutsho The Wall Street Journal inxulunyaniswa ixabiso ngonaphakade yokunyuka imveliso igesi kunye namafutha. Umzekelo, ExxonMobil inzuzo kunyaka-2014 26%, nto leyo 9% ngaphantsi kwe leminyaka eyadlulayo.

Iinguqu ezibalulekileyo orhwebo lwe-oyile yenze ingozi xa i-Gulf of Mexico, ngenxa leyo iphalale inani irekhodi ngegolide emnyama. Le nkampani yaseBritani British Petroleum, leyo belilelakhe imveliso kwanyanzeleka ukuba athengise uninzi impahla yayo.

Le ukuncitshiswa imisebenzi emsebenzini nje kuphela iinkampani oli enkulu. Amaxabiso e-oli aguqula ngayo kuye ngayo yonke le jikelele.

Nakuba lo mkhuba, iinkampani inkulu ehlabathini balindele utshintsho entle kushishino oyile kunye nezibonelelo zendalo ukukhula kwixa elizayo.