I-Civil War: kwenkcazelo yembali

Abaninzi baqhelene elithi "imfazwe yamakhaya", inkcazelo kwezi ziganeko abakwaziyo ukunika ngembali nje kuphela, kodwa amangqina. iziganeko igazi abanjalo ekonakaleni, chaos. Kulo mzekelo, awuthobe amakhulu amawaka abahlali bendawo ethile.

amalungu zicinywe

War Civil - i inkcazo yongquzulwano lwangaphakathi axhobileyo, leyo inxaxheba:

• amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu benza umgudu iingcamango ethile;
• isizwe, elimele ilizwe multi-yobuhlanga.

Amaninzi, ngamnye amaqela alwayo lizibophelele kwimeko mnye, ukuphembelela umgaqo-nkqubo izangqa alawula elinye - ukutshintsha abasemagunyeni esembindini okanye lommandla. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho umsantsa zaloo mmandla.

Amava abonisa ukuba le mfazwe yamakhaya eRashiya ibhekisela (inkcazelo leyo ndinike ulowo mbali) ukuya kwenye ntlobo enobujorha ukungqubana axhobileyo. wenza nje kuphela ukoyikeka kwamalungu amaqela, kodwa eyona - ezafa.

Izinto ingqondo impi yombango

Iingcali World Bank-kuthiwa imodeli-Hofflera Collier wayilwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane entsha. Isifundo uphando xesha yembali seminyaka emihlanu ngexesha 1960-1999 biennium. iimfazwe zamakhaya. Ke abachasene xesha linye, kodwa ngaphandle zonke iintlobo iingxabano. Injongo ye-manani yayikukufumanisa indlela ubudlelwane phakathi yeemeko ezahlukeneyo bandiqumbisayo nempi:

• Lokuziphatha kufuneka izibonelelo ezaneleyo zemali. Ngokufuthi umthombo wengeniso zabo namanye amazwe.
• Inani namabutho ikakhulu agcwaliswa abantu abatsha abafunde kakubi. Ingcaciso imfazwe yamakhaya kule meko okhethekileyo. Kuxhomekeka inani labathathi-nxaxheba.
• Ubukhulu uhlanga kwabanye kwandisa umngcipheko. Apho amaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo abakwazi ukufumana enivumelana, koko, kukho into yonqulo, imfazwe yamakhaya akunakwenzeka.
• ukuxhomekeka ngqo kwi isiqabu kunye neendawo ingafikeleleki - kwiindawo weentaba okanye bumane amathuba ophezulu imfazwe yamakhaya.

Iimpawu ze-War Civil

Nawuphi na imfazwe yamakhaya - it (inkcazo incwadi yembali: enkulu-impi ngezixhobo phakathi kwamaqela zilungelelaniswe ngaphakathi karhulumente) iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka:

• ngalinye amaqela abandakanyekayo zizinto ezingundoqo imo kolawulo lomkhosi ezopolitiko;
• ukuze uqalise okube yomkhosi yalibaziseka iminyaka;
• ukuthatha inxaxheba phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kunye iintlanga ezahlukeneyo lizwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha amadangatye ummandla imfazwe yamakhaya, sibambe le meko, amanye amazwe angenise amabutho zabo. Amaqela kwaqala ezisemva imigca yotshaba. Isibakala sokuba inxalenye urhulumente umelwe njengesinye belligerents, asikuko ingummiselo mandatory, njengoko kusitshiwo yi Ann vonaka. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukubamba umzuzu xa abemi ukuxhaphaza etshintsha abe imfazwe yamakhaya yokwenene.

Ababhali-mbali bathi

Izimvo zezazinzulu yezopolitiko kwenkcazo ingqiqo ka "imfazwe yamakhaya" yahlulwe. Ukuba uqala kubantu abaninzi kangakanani na babulawa ngexesha le mfazwe, kwezinye iimeko, inani layo lidlula iwaka, kwezinye - ilahleko kufika amakhulu abantu abalwa nganye amaqela alwayo.

Ukususela 1816 ukuya 1997, oko kubhalwe 213 facts ukuqhambuka imfazwe yamakhaya, ngelo xesha omnye kuphela unyaka ngasekhohlo ngabantu amawaka ophilileyo. Phantse isiqingatha sabo kule minyaka 1944-1997. Ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II de-2007 kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele amaxesha 90 kwakukho babhukuqwa ngemvelo ezahlukeneyo. I-Civil War (kwenkcazelo yembali) - yayiyazi uqwalaselo umzabalazo loluntu namandla lwangaphakathi.

Iinqobo ungquzulwano

Ngaphandle koku manani ebuhlungu, naphi na iingqungquthela Geneva akazange ahlangabezane ingcaciso elo elithetha "imfazwe yamakhaya". Endaweni yoko, indlela ecetywayo eziphawula kungquzulwano ngezixhobo, esingaba ndimlahlele ngamazwe. Kukho kuphela ezine:

• iindawo umda Ukulawula, ie athimba amaqela alwayo kumaxesha nokutshintshwa kwexesha.
• Enyanisweni, ugunyaziwe yinxalenye yoluntu kufuneka ingafikelela kwiindawo ezithile zeli lizwe.
• Amaqela Anti-urhulumente ngokuyinxenye ithathwa njengokuba izilwi.
• Umkhosi karhulumente kufuneka ukuba balwe kunye nabavukeli, abo zicwangciswe kakuhle.

Izisa eninzi iintlungu, nayiphi na imfazwe yamakhaya. Inkcazo abantu zabo, isalatha kulaa yokungasebenzi igunya.

Imfazwe idumileyo yamakhaya ukususela Sparta de 1867

Imbali yemfazwe yamakhaya, njengoko isitsho njalo intetho endulo zizimvi:

1. Ngokomzekelo, udidi uphakamo amakhoboka ezaziwayo-kakuhle nabahlelelekileyo phantsi Gladiator nguSpartacus phakathi komhla we-71 no-73 kwiminyaka th BC. Yaba esikhulu-scale imfazwe yamakhaya. Ukumiselwa ngexesha iziganeko abanjalo nkqu kunikwa.
2. Emva kokufa IsiNgesi kumkani Henry phantse esithoba iminyaka, ukususela ngo-1135, ukulwa yathatha Anglo-Norman imo alwayo ezahlukeneyo kwetrone ezingenabantu.
3. Kweli lizwekazi North American kunyaka 1861-1865 phakathi kwamazwe nezi ndawo Southern imfazwe yamakhaya imfazwe, aphelise le nkqubo khoboka lihlazo.
4. iminyaka 1863-1867 eJapan wasuka okutyekisayo samurai zamaKristu kunye nabalimi bangakwazanga ukunyamezela le meko zoqoqosho ezinzima ngakumbi bentshontsho ngenxa yonqulo.

I-October Revolution kunye nezinye nokulwa

Imfazwe yamakhaya ka-1918-1922., Yiyiphi kwakugquba kuBukhosi enkulu enkulu Russian emva Oktobha Revolution of 1917, ngonaphakade eyayikrolwe embalini. Kwaye kwafika abasebenzi abatsha kunye nabalimi 'urhulumente kwafuneka lilwe nje kuphela abelungu, kodwa kwakhona abahlaseli okukruqulayo - amajoni Entente kunye Imperial Japan kwiMpuma Ekude. War Civil - i (inkcazelo emfutshane: nokulwa phakathi kwiiklasi) isiphithiphithi kuyo yonke indawo eneenkani.

Kwiminyaka 1936-1939 iye ekulweni kakhulu phakathi Republican kunye abaxhasi Jikelele Franco Spanish. Eyokuqala kuzo ngokungekho eyanceda eSoviet Union, kwaye eyesibini axhasayo Germany kaHitler.

Akukho nzima ukubona ukuba zonke iimfazwe ngentla nembambano iinkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela ziye lweminyaka 3-4.

War Civil e Russia

Kwakhona simele sinikele ingqalelo imfazwe yamakhaya, eyaqala ngo-1918, kungekudala emva kokuba ngokubhukuqwa Provisional kaRhulumente eRashiya. Iziganeko kwexesha ka-1917-1922 ngokupheleleyo kuphela ngokupheleleyo batshintsha ubuso karhulumente ngamazwe, kodwa ifuthe elizayo kwikhosi yembali yehlabathi.

I-February Revolution of 1917 , akakwazanga ukusombulula iingxaki etyalwayo kuphikisana amanqwanqwa zopolitiko nezentlalo, kwakunye nemiba esesikweni kazwelonke. Ekulweni igazi beza ndawonye iintshukumo ezimbini ideologically saa: i abavikeli lizwe oselula eSoviet - i-Red Army (okanye "red") kunye nabaxhasi olawulo endala - abamhlophe (okanye "white").

IiBolsheviks akwazi ukubambelela amandla ngoncedo kwintsebenziswano yabo ngeenxa zonke iinkokeli kunye umbutho iqela. Kodwa ke uloyiso phezu utshaba bekuya kuba nzima ngaphandle kwenkxaso iingcamango yobukomanisi iindimbane. Loshushiso enamandla yenzondelelo abasebenzi kunye nabalimi negalelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezisiweyo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Stalin ilifa umnotho amanxuwa. Enyanisweni ukuba kuqalwe ekuqaleni. Kodwa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe ivele kwimephu yelizwe sabasebenzi yatshintsha ngaphaya ingqalelo.

Kwakufuneka ndenziwe ingcinezelo nendlala strike ka 1932-1933, ukuba kunikelwe izigidi bahlali ubomi ngcono izizukulwana ezizayo. Kodwa ke, njengoko bathi, lelinye ibali, nto leyo endinga isifundo ngokucokisekileyo nanini ithe. Enoba kunjalo, yenza one- imfazwe yamakhaya. Ukuzimisela kulo mba unokuba koomofu - usizi neentlungu!