Geneva Convention: imigaqo zemfazwe elingcono

I-Geneva Convention yiseti ukungbaikho komthetho ngawo onke amazwe, ezijolise ukhuselo lomthetho kumaxhoba iimfazwe ezinkulu iingxaki zasekuhlaleni (zombini isikali ngamazwe, kunye nohlobo zasekhaya). Olu xwebhu yomthetho kwakhona iseti becala eliqingqiweyo iindlela neendlela imfazwe, ngokusekelwe kwizithuba zobuntu kunye nobuntu. I-Geneva Convention ubukhulu becala utshintshe ngesebe ngokungenalusini yemfazwe, iyenza oluphucukileyo ngakumbi ukuze kuncedakale abantu.

Imbali lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu ngokubanzi, singakwazi ukufunda imbali inani elikhulu labantu yeemfazwe namaqondo zogonyamelo gazi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukufumana leminyaka ubuncinane enye, ukuze phelisa amagunya nenkcaso abaxhobileyo kunye nezizwe. Yi Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, xa impi ukuzuza ibonwe, ubunzima nangogonyamelo, xa inzululwazi ngokuncedisana inkqubela zobugcisa baba sele kwimeko ukunika ubuqaba zomkhosi izixhobo intshabalalo abaninzi, kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo ukuseka ngumqulwana obaluleke yomthetho njengoko Convention Geneva. Kuye lilungelelanise ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela iingxabano ezilandelayo kwaye inciphise inani ezafa.

Geneva Convention ngo-1864, yaba uxwebhu lokuqala ezifana kwimbali, waba ixabiso ebalaseleyo ibuthumileyo yokuba wayemi isivumelwano ashishina vula eqale ngokuzithandela onke amazwe. Olu xwebhu encinane eyenziwa amanqaku ezilishumi kuphela eqalwe lonke umthetho contract imfazwe, kwaye lonke ulawulo wokunceda nomthetho kwingcaciso yazo mihla.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva kwaqhutywa Geneva Convention yokuqala, ukuba ndithe ndithi ke, ubhaptizo umlilo okanye umhlobo Austria-Prussia War. Prussia, leyo yenye ngowokuqala kuqinise esi sivumelwano, mayilandelwe amalungiselelo ayo. I-Prussia Army waba kwizibhedlele kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kwaye iRed Cross wayesoloko kukho apho kuyimfuneko uncedo lwakhe. Omnye imeko kwinkampu ephikisayo. Austria akukho watyikitya ndibano, nje baphosa ababuleweyo zabo phezu edabini.

Injongo yale iintlelo ezilandelayo lwale mvumelwano ngamazwe, esekelwe kumava kwiimfazwe elidlulileyo, waye ukhuselo nje kwamalungelo amabanjwa emfazwe, kodwa abantu abananxaxheba ngqo neemeko (abahlali kunye namagosa zonqulo, abasebenzi zonyango), kwakunye yinqanawa, abagulayo, ababuleweyo, kungakhathaliseki apho amaqela alwayo bengabakho. izinto ezithile, ezifana izibhedlele, ambulensi arhente yoluntu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, akhuselwe amanqaku achaphazelekayo Convention Geneva kwaye ayikwazi kuhlaselwa okanye enkundleni idabi.

Olu xwebhu olumisiweyo ngamazwe ikwacacisa iindlela ezithintelweyo imfazwe. Ngokukodwa, oko akuvumelekanga ukusetyenziswa abahlali ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi, kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa yebhayoloji kunye nezixhobo imichiza, imigodi anti-abasebenzi. nentsingiselo enzulu weNkomfa Geneva kukuzama ukuqinisekisa uzinzo olufanelekileyo phakathi imfuneko zomkhosi Committe kwelinye icala nobuntu phezu kwezinye. Ngenxa utshintsho kubunjani of reference kunye nomda imfazwe kukho imfuneko kuhlelo olutsha i-Convention Geneva. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho-manani zenkulungwane lokugqibela, kuzo zonke amaxhoba nekhulu lemfazwe asibhozo anesihlanu empini. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza kwimfazwe kwegazi kwimbali - beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa phantse zonke State, ukuba nenxaxheba kulo, hayi nje waphula amagatya weNkomfa Geneva, kodwa nayo yonke imigaqo iintlobo yokuziphatha jikelele.

I-Geneva Iindibano ezine ka-1949, iiprotokoli ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ka-1977, ezi enkulu kunye namaxwebhu multipage abantu jikelele. Kukusayina amazwe 188 zehlabathi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindibano amagama ziyabophelela kuzo zonke amazwe, kwesa non-nxaxheba.