Foods ezingaqhelekanga - Nceda The Farmer

Nokwanda kwezilwanyana ngakumbi kwiindawo umda, ngokufuthi unyaka-ngeenxa nokuhlala kwabo ngaphakathi kunye nezinye iinkqubo badla ukonakala impilo yezilwanyana, ukuba buthathaka-siseko, ukuphazamiseka ezibalulekileyo pathways, kwaye ngenxa yoko yokwehla imveliso. Ngoko ke, umgangatho ngesondlo kunye nokusebenza kwalo kufuneka anikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo. Ukutya equlethe zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuze isilwanyana kunye nempahla eziphilayo esebenzayo, unoxanduva hayi kuphela ukukhula eyiyo kunye nemveliso yezilwanyana, kodwa ubuncinane ireyithi ukuhamba feed iyunithi yemveliso nganye. Ngelishwa, kwindalo akukho ifidi uthetha ikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zesondlo lezinto ezizitho zine, ndayihluthwa ithuba lokuzikhethela kwaye ukutya kwimeko bohlukaniswe ebalulekileyo ukusuka okusingqongileyo kwaye ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ezidla kuvunwa yi ndoda. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izixhobo kunye nobuchule ukuba sicebisa ezityiwa izondlo ezingekhoyo. Imalunga abalimi abaninzi ekhoyo, babizwa ngokuba feedstuffs non-yemveli, apho ngelo xesha linye kwenza kube lula ukonga kwi feed. Lo mmandla wolondolozo, leyo angasebenzisa bonke abalimi, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwemiqathango ukunqongophala wefula.

Non-eqhelekileyo feed, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa eziphuhliswe kakhulu. Makhe sihlolisise ezimbalwa kubo, ukusetyenziswa lwazo amalungiselelo phantse nayiphi na imiqathango ifama sihlolisise.

La maqela alandelayo feedstuffs zinako ukuqatshelwa.

• kwezithako ulwelo (pomace, incindi kunye infusions, lithi ligxininise khona, intlama, ulele kwiseli enye);
• ukutya fresh futhi limnandi kunye nezongezo (iinaliti nompleyini entsha kunye amagqabi, isetyana ukutya, ehlathini, silage, ezidla evela awile, umi izityalo zasendle kunye izityalo ezilinyiweyo, ukudla uhlaza hydroponic);
• feed owomileyo (umthi ingca, eyenziwe kwaneendiza ezaneleyo, vitamin isidlo feed);
• izongezo bakwezolimo (iimbewu zengca kunye nezityalo enemithi, lugxile vitamin, biomass owomileyo kunye iimpethu mikrovodosley, zefula igwele, kunye like).

Owona mthombo olufikelelekayo wefula emahlathini. Iindidi lwenkunkuma kwamahlathi, ukufumaneka kwayo, ukusetyenziswa unyaka wonke ukuvumela ukuba siqwalasele kubo njengomnye loovimba kakhulu lula.

Yalusa imithombo ehlathini:

kwezithako ulwelo. lwemvelo kunye infusions zomthi green vitamin olusebenzayo besitya. inzuzo yabo ukuba zingenziwa kwindawo yokusebenzisa, ukunqongophala ubomi ezikhabhathini elincinane - up iintsuku 5-7. incindi yemvelo amaxesha 10-15 ongeziweyo kanzulu xaxa kuthelekiswa infusions kwaye zifuna emgangathweni. Nokuhlanganiswa inaliti wejunipha eqhelekileyo, umsipres nompleyini zilungele yi utsalo kunye aluhlaza ashushu (70-90ºS) okanye amanzi abandayo. Xa 100 cm3 iinaliti ukumnika nespruce eziqulathwe 26.4 mg ivithamin C, nompleyini - 35.2, konwele - 28.1 mg. Fresh unyawo eluthulini sapling abekwe igubu kunye ashushu amanzi waligalela izinga enye inxalenye amanzi iinaliti iinxalenye 3-4 (ngokobunzima). Kwagcinwa zingaguquka kwaye kusala 3h ukuya kwiiyure 8 ngokusebenzisa amanzi abandayo - usuku. Ukunciphisa ilahleko kwezondlo nokuphucula ubumandi izicatshulwa pine nga ijike. Ukususela ngowoku-1 kg kwamabala ngomthi entsha angafumana 3-4 kg kunye nokubandakanywa kwezondlo physiologically esebenzayo. izicatshulwa zolwelo of coniferous ilifa umsebenzi antibacterial, nto leyo iluncedo ukuba prophylaxis nxamnye staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa kunye icesina iqela iintsholongwane ama.

Izithako Fresh futhi limnandi kunye feed. Isetyana ukutya. ibithuthwa (umthi hay) imithi ubunzima ukukhiwa okanye ngaqwayitiweyo kunye namatyholo buyisela ukuya kwi-20-30% of ukutya isintlakantlakiso in ruminants kwaye umthombo kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo.

, Ukugawulwa ukutya isetyana amatsha ngaphambi uphucula Ubumandi kunye digestibility, leyo kunciphisa ilahleko.

Nezompleyini, oki, uHazel, dogwood, konwele, nespruce kunye willow ixolo ngaphantsi ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa isiqulatho eliphezulu kwezinto extractive ezinciphisa ukwanela ukusetyenziswa kwazo.

Ixabiso ukutya ukutya lokukhangela kuxhomekeke iintlobo iinkuni, ixesha lokuvuna, kwaye ubukhulu yamasebe kunye kwamahlamvu kuyahlukana kwi-avareji ukususela 3762 ukuya 5852 kJ amandla metabolizable ngamnye 1 kg into owomileyo. Le digestibility kwexesha Lemvelo 35,2-49,4%. Ukwandisa ixabiso lokukhangela ezidla sihlahla luphawulwa billet yayo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sexesha lokukhula, kunye coniferous - ebusika. ukutya isetyana okunesondlo kungandisa kolwandle kunye yemichiza unyango zokufunda okanye saccharification.

iimbaxa Coniferous, ngokungafaniyo imithi hardwood, kungcono ukuba uqale lokuvuna ukondla izilwanyana ukuwa kade - ebusika, xa umxholo extractives ubuncinane ngokusungula kuwo ukutya kancinci. Introduction to the iinaliti yokudla yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nokuthintela izifo imibala, iintlobo zezifo amathumbu kunye zemiphunga kwisiqalo intsilelo lilonke wefula. Iinaliti ngumthombo zitshiphu of carotene ngaphezu hay, iminqathe, ioli intlanzi okanye ukutya ingca.

Silage namagqabi senazhirovanie, iinaliti pine, amasebe ezincinane yenye ubuchule ngokolondolozo kunye kwinkqubo ensiling ezidla lithi libe iipropati ezintsha organoleptic ukuba ukwandisa Ubumandi yayo. Iziphumo ezincumisayo ibonisa ukondla wesisele evela izityalo enemithi kunye silage elingumxube kwiintsalela ehlathini kunye nohlaza herbaceous (ingca, imifuno inkunkuma kunye izityalo zasendle) usebenzisa ukutya iswekile hydrolytic kunye urea ukubuyekeza ngokuswela iswekile legkosbrazhivaemyh. Kwezinye iintlobo imithi yehlathi wesisele (ukusuka amagqabi iinkuni inkunkuma) ngenxa yokuba akukho zimpawu ensiling (lactic, acids acetic), kodwa ubunzima igcinwe kakuhle kwaye likufutshane umbala yoqobo kunye ivumba elithozamisayo (amagqabi zishwabene, ekwindla, Uqhume).

Feed evela amagqabi awileyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umthi naye unalo ixabiso ezithile zokutya. Amagqabi atyheli nshita oluhlaza iqulathe protein, phantse musa carotene, ivithamin C, iswekile, kodwa kufuneka izixa aphezulu amafutha, ifayibha, uthuthu. Ixabiso mxhesho awile Lower 25-35%. Nakhandiweyo, zaparivayut, kusetyenziswa silage zokuthintela njl

ukutya pet Dry. Wood hay - eyomileyo aphe ngeenjongo zokufunda amehlo. Besusa owomileyo amasebe kakuhle enamagqabi, ezincinane, ebizwa amasetyana, amagqabi eyomileyo - "enemithi" hay. omile inemithana enemithi owomileyo anexabiso eliphezulu lesondlo, anemifanekiso emininzi kwezimbiwa.

Vitamin komanzi umthi umgubo yenziwa ukususela 7.2 ukuya 16.6% kunye protein kwezondlo ezininzi ivelise nomgubo of ilusini. Ayisafani ekuvelisweni Ikhasi engumxube, yaye njengoko isongezo kwi ukutya kwemfuyo kunye neentaka. umgubo sapling - vitamin feed olufunyenwe iinaliti nompleyini ezomisiweyo kunye nespruce okanye nompleyini amasebe kunye kahle eliphezulu ukusetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa, ukususela kwi-1 kg zenkqunto owomileyo ngamagqabi ezinde, Aspen kunye alder ingafunyanwa 125-200 carotene mg, ukususela iinaliti pine, nespruce, konwele, msipres, nomsedare, kwaye 60-100 mg; Vitamin C evela 1kg of iinaliti ompayina kunye nespruce 3000-3200 4000 IU, ngaphezu orenji kunye lemons. Xa iimeko nomgubo vitamin kwamafama ukusuka amagqabi kuthengwa yi shrinkage obazalayo nokutshixiza elandelayo.

Kwimbuphu yesarha esetyenziswa uhlobo entsha okanye eyenziwayo. Iinkuni ukusilwa idityaniswe feed wamandla xa isixa-mali ka-25-50% zokulawula Ubumandi yabo xa enika intabalala. Xa ukudla ruminant elawulwa uthuli enkulu (15-25% yokudla) bunjani umsebenzi kupensi ukunciphisa okugula parakeratosis. Ngokukodwa, chips Aspen yendalo baneempawu eliphezulu-grade isintlakantlakiso. ixabiso lokondla kwimbuphu yesarha kunokwandisa ngeendlela ezilula: processing gidrobarotermicheskoy, agqithisile iinkqubo kwealkali abandayo okanye ashushu, amanzi ammonia, njl

Feed ngephepha inkunkuma. nephepha elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo inkunkuma iphepha iqulethe ukuya kwi 90% ye kwincindi. Ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa kwephepha kwenkunkuma ifidi kuxhomekeke kudidi kwephepha. digestibility emisiweyo nto owomileyo; iphepha elimdaka lokusongela 90,8% olukhazimlisiweyo - 41,0-46,5, Newsprint - 26,5-33,2%. Xa 10-20% Newsprint ene- ngokupheleleyo umcimbi owomileyo digestibility kunyuka ukusuka 77,9 ukuya 80,1-81,8%.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukulungiselela iphepha inkunkuma wokubona, xa lokugaya kwaye alpha kunye nembeleko kwi umlinganiselo ka 25:75, kulandele iyoma kwi t 85º C de amaqhuma njl Emva koko kubandakanya ukutya kuqamba.

Iya kuthakazelelwa into yokuba ukutya ezifana ithetha nephepha inkunkuma, kwimbuphu yesarha, nezinto ezinjengezo, kuquka iindiza kunye nobuchwepheshe yokulungiselela echazwe-ngezantsi, equlethe isixa esikhulu kwincindi, kusebenza kuphela poligastrichnym (ruminant) isilwanyana.

Eminye imithombo wefula.

kwezithako ulwelo. ulwelwe kwiseli enye. Ulwelwe zingalinywa amachibi kunye nezityalo neyenziweyo kwimimandla ukuba ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe ezolimo; inkcubeko lwabo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu, nokulima ngeenjongo isekutyeni kunokwenzeka phantsi kweemeko na kuqoqosho. Izinto eziluncedo ze feedstuffs kunganxulunyaniswa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngolunya. Ngosuku 6 kulinywe, xa isixa iivithamini kwixesha eliphakathi, ubuninzi, ukunqunyanyiswa iseli izilwanyana solder, ngaphandle kokuthotywa iivithamini kwi koneshologu, kunye nezinye izinto bioactive - antibiotics, iienzymes, sterols, isityalo hormone, njl

Xa zifakwe kwi-1 itoni okuziinkozo 5-7 kg ubunzima owomileyo Chlorella okuziinkozo bioavailability zanda 1.5 esibayeni. Phakathi strains lisiza esetyenziswa wonke umhlaba ukuze ukutya ukutya nezongezelelo, iintlobo-3 eziqhelekileyo - Spirulina, Chlorella kunye Dyunaliella.

Kulinywa kweentlobo sodidi Spirulina uvelisa 128 t / ha leeprothini ngonyaka ngamnye. Dyunaliella - into ubunzima inkcubeko mveliso. Le abanjwa kwiimpawu wayo ngaphezu kwabanye isiqulatho aphezulu amafutha (ukuya kwi-28%), kunye neevithamini, acid iseti epheleleyo umxholo kananjalo isiqulatho ash ephantsi, uye digestibility elungileyo. Chlorella - umxholo iivithamini mkhulu zonke izityalo yemifuno kunye ukudla, kuquka nagwele. Chlorella uvelisa kunye B12, nto leyo ndikho igwele, okanye izityalo ngaphezulu. Ukuba fish oil iqulethe iivithamini 6, i Chlorella kuzo ezili-13 no-vitamin A kuyo ngokuphindwe 7-10 ngaphezulu endle wavuka okanye Iapilkosi womile. Chlorella - producing esebenzayo iiprothini, isitatshi, lipids, iivithamini kunye umlinganiselo ngokulula ziyatshintsheka ezi zinto. Inkcubeko efanayo yokutshintsha ekhula iimeko biomass zingafumaneka ezinomthamo kweziyi of ukususela ngomhla we 9 ukuya ku-88%, ekudleni - ukususela nge-6 ukuya 37%, kunye namanqatha - 4 ukuya kowe-85%. Izondli 1 kg ngolunya ngu 4-5 kg ye kwiproteni ye-soy kulingana iproteni yobisi ezomileyo okanye nenyama. Chlorella abagulayo izilwanyana ezivela avitaminoses kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo zesisu.

Xa usebenzisa ukubuya abalimi ziinyanga 1-2. technology Various ukulima ukuvumela ukuba usebenzise njengoko inkcubeko medium ulwelo umgquba, processing inkunkuma iimveliso zezolimo kunye neegesi ulwelo ibe ngumthombo carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimeko ezifanayo. In evaliweyo Ufakelo automated chlorella imveliso 100-40 g wenkqu owomileyo nganye-1 m ² ngosuku, engqamana 360-500 m / ngehektare nganye. I-avareji imveliso esekuhleni-uhlobo izityalo phantsi ukukhanya kwendalo ku ezahlukene 14-35 g / m² ngosuku. Xa amanzi zendalo chlorella siqhube ukuvuselelwa yebhayoloji kwamanzi amdaka namachibi ezingcolisekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubuyisela eziphilayo ezi amadama kumanqanaba zendalo.

Isityalo eqhelekileyo zokulinywa chlorella kwifama okanye imfuyo ezimbaxa ngokubanzi uhlobo kwigumbi gases kwaye ibandakanya culturing lokuvelisa kwilebhu nokulungiselela sisombululo sokudla. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa yohlaza ukutya kufuna uthwele ukusetyenziswa kuwo ifomu kanzulu ukuze kwehlisa umgangatho lwemveliso yezilwanyana.

Izithako Fresh futhi limnandi kunye feed. Lisiza. Xa amanzi zethu kukho iintlobo ezimbini duckweed - trilobal amancinci. Le angehli oluncinane kakhulu, eyayizalwa izityalo, antywiliselwe ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Ngokukha ekhuthazwa, kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu ixesha ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu umi ngamanzi. Yitya izinto okunesondlo unyityilikiswa emanzini, ukuthatha nabo ubuso bawo. Winter, esiwa kunye kuqala ubusika emazantsi okugcina amanzi. Duckweed iqulethe iiprothini, iivithamini, iityuwa kwezimbiwa. Kuye kudala yasetyenziswa ekondleni zeenkukhu neehagu. Ngelo lixa eninzi duckweed eluhlaza kancinane ugalele bran (bran) kunye nomgubo. Akukho Izimo zokusetyenziswa xa kusondliwa kwezinye izilwanyana isongezo, ukuba ifidi esisiseko.

Kukho izityalo zasendle ezifanelekileyo wokubona, kuquka merit iintlobo enamandla ezifana zasendle ezifana quinoa onabileyo, willow-imifuno, umba, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Atriplex patula ukusebenzisa elikhethekileyo nokumelana ophezulu abandayo kunye nemveliso ubuninzi ifotosinthesisi, ufanelwe isifundo kukho umthombo feed olongezelelweyo. Kwinxalenye eluhlaza zesityalo iqulethe ascorbic acid (150 mg%), carotene (10 mg%), iiprotheni (ukususela-10 ukuya kuma-30%), amafutha (ukususela 0.4 ukuya 2.2%), ifayibha (9.3 ukuya 39 , 2%), betaine (1.22%).

Ixabiso mxhesho umba kukuba kunye izinto ezifanayo yokukhula liqhuba nemveliso amaxesha 1.5-2.0 ngaphezulu izityalo zomthonyama, isivuno sivuthiwe ubunzima eluhlaza ngeentsuku 20-25 ulahlo kuqala, ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngayo kwinkqubo yokuthutha eluhlaza. Njengoko-high isivuno eliphezulu-grade Feed inkcubeko yayo bukhulileyo kumazwe amaninzi. Ngasinye zitofwe qho kwiminyaka 8-10 ngehektare ukukhwela 800-1000 c. / Ha, kwi ukunkcenkceshela ubunzima ngakumbi eluhlaza. Ixabiso okunesondlo ye umba ayikho izityalo selwyn ngaphantsi. Ziya kumila into isetyenziswa ngohlobo infusions, decoctions, ifula, haylage kwaye kongezwa zazisebenza. It kwandisa imveliso yobisi kunye ukutyeba iinkomo neentaka kwandisa imveliso iqanda. IMofi kufuneka zongezwe isondlo iihagu, ingakumbi esibelekweni abakhulelweyo. Kodwa ke, khumbula ukuba ukondla umba esidala, emva kweeyure 6-12 yokugcina kungakhokelela eziyityhefu ngenxa beqokelela nitrate.

Amaranth iminyaka 8000 iye yaba yenye izityalo eziphambili eMzantsi Melika kunye Mexico, kunye neembotyi kunye nengqolowa. Amaranth -. Ingaba isityalo herbaceous ngonyaka, ebude unako ukufikelela 2.5-4 m panicle ngexesha lokuvuthwa abe ubude-30 cm kunye ububanzi 15 cm panicle odiyo ifikelela 1 kg .. imbewu Amaranth mancinane kakhulu, ezifana engenakubalwa enjengentlabathi, ukuya ku-500 lamawaka. A panicle elinye. Noko Grain amaranth kuvelisa imbewu, iimpawu kunye neempawu ezifana okuziinkozo, kuba akakulandeli usapho okuziinkozo, ibizwa ngokuba psevdozlakom. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha iiproteni amaranth ziquka albumins kunye globulin nge elungeleleneyo acid acid kuqamba. imbewu Amaranth ziqulathe kwi-avareji 15-17% protein, 5-8% oyile kunye 3,7-5,7% of ifayibha, ingaphezulu ukuba cereal (umxholo iiprothini umbona 10-12,6% ngamanqatha - 4,6-6,7, Iprothini ingqolowa - 9-14, amafutha - 1,1-3,4%). Ngenxa isiqulatho ebalulekileyo lysine acid acid, nto leyo nezo amaranth kabini ephezulu ngaphezu koko zengqolowa, yaye izihlandlo ezithathu obungaphezu umbona amazimba, kwaye nokuba ufana kwimali zesoya ubisi lwenkomo, umgangatho nezo amaranth ithathwa ngokuba phezulu kakhulu . Ukuba ogqibeleleyo Uqikelelo protein (efana iqanda) na amanqaku 100, ubisi Iprothini casein kuya kufuneka amanqaku 72, soy - 68, ingqolowa - 58 Imboni - 44, kwaye amaranth - 75 amanqaku. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa iimpawu zazo ngokobugcisa amaranth umdla ngaphezu okhuphisana ekufutshane - iimbotyi, kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso protini ukusuka amaranth ezinokuba ibiza ngaphantsi soy. Inzuzo wokhuphiswano eziphambili imixutywa protein amaranth abantu bayancokola labo kunye elungeleleneyo acid acid kuqamba.

Transom amaranth nje ubunzima oluhlaza okanye ingqolowa kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa silage, ekuvelisweni kweti i-vitamin A kunye nomgubo granules. mass uhlaza kakuhle kudla zonke izilwanyana. Intshayelelo yokudla amaranth kuphucula ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho iimveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko yayo. Izivuno amaranth yi 35-60 t / ha okuziinkozo kunye ubuninzi ukuya ku-2000 kg / ha ngolunya. Amaranth ithathwa ifidi kuyabiza kakhulu eliphezulu-protein, kokubini, nomgubo fresh kunye silage namakhambi okanye granules. Silage bangondliwa unyaka wonke. Green mass ukususela kuJulayi kude kuneqabaka kuqala. Lo mxube yamabele silage kunye amaranth in a 1: protein 1, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ingqolowa silage kwandisa izihlandlo 1.32, kakhulu kwandisa ubungakanani kwezinye izinto ezifunekayo izilwanyana: lysine, calcium phosphorus.

Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuba uqhekeko kufuna 0.5-1 kuphela kg iimbewu ha 1 nganye. Kuba ekuhlwayeleni ingqolowa kufuneka umlinganiselo 200 kg, nemali yengqolowa - 50 1 kg yengqolowa ngehektare nganye. mbi kakhulu kwaye ukungafuni ukuya inkcubeko amanyathelo agro-technical. Icandelo esihle yokuthutha oluhlaza, kunye nokudlwengulwa.

Udlwengulo - isityalo cruciferous (ikhaphetshu). Le oilseed kunye neprothini yezityalo unokutya enkulu kunye nexabiso feed. Kwiinkalo ezininzi, njengabongamileyo kwezinye izityalo ezininzi udlwengulo. imbewu yaso 40-48% otyebileyo 25-30% protein. Nangona kunjalo, i rape iqokobhe ukumelana enzyme kwaye zemvelo xa usebenzisa iimazi yonke ukutya okuziinkozo engekalungiswa ku% nokuhamba 30 ngokusebenzisa iphecana zesisu.

Udlwengulo - isityalo wefula jikelele. Oko ulinywe phantse yonke imimandla zemozulu kweli lizwe ngempumelelo.

Ukusebenzisa imithetho ezimbalwa ezilula unako ukuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka yokwetyisa. Ziqulethe kule yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunika eluhlaza mass udlwengulo ukudla, emva kwemvula okanye umbethe. Kufuneka ube ngokuthe bakuqhelile ukutya udlwengulo iinkomo zelenki ngqo amazinga abekelwe lweehagu, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo izilwanyana kunye ubudala yayo. Green mass kokudlwengulwa ukondla ukwindla kubalulekile, nangabo bonke yokuthutha eluhlaza kakhulu pre-ebusika. Green mass rape anganika zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana, kwaye idosi yemihla ngemihla iimazi zobisi ngokusekelwe nemveliso yazo ukwandisa kwi 20-25 kg. Udlwengulo kuzisa amaqondo phantsi - degrees-7, uze ukhonze uYehova ngokuthembeka. Kuphela ngenxa ekuweni ukondla ubunzima udlwengulo eluhlaza ebudeni bale mihla ekwindla 60-70 kungandisa isivuno iilitha 100-150 imazi nganye. Ingakumbi ukubaluleka rape kakhulu kwiminyaka nembalela, xa ihlawula ngokulahleka yengqolowa, ukutya, yaye wabulala izityalo ityalwa kwezi nyanga ka July. Kunye nomzekelo i "Collective Grain yefama" ummandla kwifama ezidityanelweyo laseKirov ukuba aphuthume ne rape elima emva kokuvuna ngenxa oli, inika osisityebi wako.

Kuba izilwanyana lokondla neentaka zingasetyenziswa ingca, iimbewu, isidlo, iikeyiki zoo kunye namasi. Green ingca mass ukudlwengula kunye nezinye izityalo cruciferous: colza, isithombo, Tiphon, ezisetyenziswa xa kusondliwa iinkomo neehagu ngempumelelo. Ingca cruciferous iqulethe kwinqanaba eliphezulu protein neembotyi, kodwa-10% ngaphantsi ezityebileyo (15% vs 25%). Eyona nto enomtsalane crucifers zabo ukukwazi ukuvelisa isivuno ngokupheleleyo mass eluhlaza entwasahlobo ekuqaleni (phambi rye) kunye pozdneosenny (de iqabaka -8S0) ixesha, elisuke kakhulu ithuba swa eluhlaza. Kubalulekile ke phawu elandelayo. Umlinganiselo calcium ukuba phosphorus kwisondlo izilwanyana kufuneka ibe 1.2-2 ukuya 1. Nangona kunjalo, xa iintlobo umxhesho esisiseko kunye ingqolowa ngu-iimveliso yokujongwa yabo; phezu koko, amanqanaba phosphorus amaxesha 3-8 ngaphezu kwenqanaba calcium. Oku imikhosi yaphathwa umxhesho itshokhwe, iqokobhe okanye ezinye izinto ikhalsiyam-equlethe. Noko ke, itshokhwe, ukuya kungena esiswini kweehagu kunye neenkukhu, apho lehle neutralizes iasidi, ezehlisa ukwetyisa kwezondlo kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kwisiqwenga zesisu. Iimveliso zefula udlwengulo efanayo umlinganiselo calcium phosphorus ka-0.9: 1, unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka umxhesho alawulwa ngayo ngetshokhwe okanye lekalika.

Phakathi izityalo ukutya non-yemveli, apho isivuno eliphezulu phantsi imimandla agro-zemozulu ezahlukileyo usebenza artichoke. artichoke iYerusalem ekhaya North America. ERashiya, le nkcubeko bafika ngenkulungwane XVII ngeendlela ezimbini: ukusuka eYurophu kunye neTshayina. Oku sisityalo ongatshiyo ezinabileyo lentsapho Jongilanga uhlobo kanti elithi. artichoke iYerusalem ibonisa kwemveliso phezulu emlenzeni ezintlanu zokuqala emva kokutyala amatswele. artichoke eYerusalem inika ubunzima eluhlaza kakhulu luninzi kokwindla, xa izityalo ukwakheka vegetatiruyuschih ngezityalo eliphantsi kakhulu. Ngaphezu izivuno avareji amatswele 40-50 t / ha, ihamba - 30 t / ha. Le amatswele yesivuno yasekwindla kakubi kakhulu igcinwe. IYerusalem artichokes asoloko wemba phezulu njengoko kuyimfuneko, njengoko emhlabeni uyenzile le ilungileyo, kodwa xa ikhephu ebusika kuye leki kunye kuneqabaka kwi -40C. mass Green zikhiwa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba okanye ekuqaleni Oktobha ukudla ukutya okanye mowari kunye pick-up. Xa kusetyenziswa kwiminyaka 2-3 kuphela artichoke njengento enobunzima eliluhlaza, kuba imveliso hay, silage okanye nomgubo, ezi zinti, banqunyulwe kabini - okokuqala nomphakamo isityalo 80-100 cm 6-10 cm ngaphezu isibini emazantsi amagqabi, leyo ezikhula axils ze kwezikhondo kwakhona kwaye yesibini - ukususela ekupheleni Septemba de iqabaka.

Ngokutsho acid acid nokwakhiwa ubunzima eluhlaza kunye tuber kwe artichoke iYerusalem ukutya eziphilayo ezixabisekileyo. amatswele okunesondlo 0,23-0,29 korm.ed. Isiqulatho protein yi-avareji 3.2% kwi into elomileyo eziquka 16 asidi acid, apho 9 - kubalulekile. Esi sityalo a anikezela ngezakhi kunye ngezimbiwa kuqamba elungileyo. Ngokuzithandela udle artichoke phantse zonke izilwanyana wokufama efama okanye umlimi - iinkomo, amahashe, iibhokhwe, iigusha, iihagu, yaye ngokuzithandela ngokulinganayo baya kudla, iziciko kunye neengcambu. indawo yayo kweli lizwe kunye neefama - abangabancedani izityalo xa umxhesho ngexabiso eliphantsi (Zombini emali kunye "labour"). Unikela, okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo komhlaba eziseludinini, kumathambeka alale. Okwesibini, luphe into kwelo xesha kuthethwa ngalo artichoke eYerusalem iinyanga ezimbini ekwindla, intwasahlobo kunye iinyanga ezintathu - iinyanga ezintlanu, hayi kangako, ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba iinyanga ntoni!

isiqulatho Low eYerusalem artichoke izinto eziyityhefu luphawu ebalulekileyo inkcubeko elinikiweyo.

Cow parsnip Sosnowski - Isoutbos ixesha elide yaye-high isivuno. Isivuno mass umboniso wesiqhelo eluhlaza iphezulu ngaphezu koko zengqolowa, yenza kwakufa biomass ukuya ku-2000 kg / ha. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukusetyenziswa ingaphelelwayo kumasimi umboniso wesiqhelo kunye cheapness kulinywe yayo (akukho agropriomov iminyaka ngeminyaka emininzi imali). A ubutyebi umboniso wesiqhelo biomass protein, iivithamini, iiminerali, iswekile (leyo eqinisekisa silage elungileyo), yenza inkcubeko nomtsalane kwiifama ezininzi.

Oosonzululwazi amaziko amaninzi ngezityalo kwi-60 bathabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo elikhulu-isikali kunye nonyaka multi-ukwazisa yinkomo parsnip Sosnowski kwizenzo zokulima isityalo wefula. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba, emva kokuba ukufakwa yayo pheko feed, inyama kwizilwanyana Ndizuze livumba bokuhlala kunye nobisi kukrakra, ukuba akafanelekanga ukutyiwa ngabantu. Kukholelwa ukuba ifuthe inkomo parsnip kwi ukungachumi weemazi.

Ingxelo IweMpathombi wabonakala isityalo silwe, xa kuqaliswa emasimini wafumana ngokwabo ngaphandle inkathalo efanelekileyo, waqalisa ukusasaza athabathe yonke indawo. Ngoku inkomo parsnip sele zibe usongo wokwenene kusongela ukuzinza kwemvelo inkqubo, hayi kuphela eRashiya kodwa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Zonke iingxaki ezinxulumene ne umboniso wesiqhelo ikakhulu nokuna eziphilayo kuphela omnye, "mhlaseli 'roadsides kunye namasimi abangakhathalelwanga - Sosnowski cow parsnip (Heracleum sosnowskiy). Ngexesha lokukhula kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zezityalo umboniso wesiqhelo baziqwebele umsebenzi Photodynamic le furokumariny. kwabo kunye neziphumo yesikhumba dermatitis enzulu, ukutsha idlula uhlobo. olwenzeka ngokugqithisileyo coumarin ebantwini kukhokelela nesifo ekuthiwa vitiligo.

Zesondlo izilwanyana ukusuka cowparsnip phantsi ukutya kakhulu intsilelo inokusetyenziswa zombini njengoko hay okanye umgubo imixube ngohlobo silage. Kokuba kukhethwe practice yesiqhelo njengento isityalo wefula eyongezelelweyo ngokuzityebisa ngokusekelwe ngaphambi kwexesha evela ukutya phambi ekubulaweni. Cow parsnip ziindiza Ukuchetywa phambi kweentyatyambo. Ukusebenzisa ubunzima yomsebenzisi kwi isidlo ingca luthe lwancothulwa njengoko kuyimfuneko neFula nabavuni. Xa uhlamba umboniso wesiqhelo kufuneka asebenzise amanyathelo, anxibe iimpahla zokuzikhusela. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba angabekwa ngesandla ubunzima yomsebenzisi ye umboniso wesiqhelo kule nkqubo kulayishwa.

Green mass okune iswekile. isiqulatho iswekile idlula ubuncinane efunekayo ye silage ngokuphindwe 2-2.5, ngokunxulumene nale parsnip cow nga uSilo noko trudnosilosuyuschimisya nangona izityalo ezininzi kunye umququ ukusika, emva zengca ingaphelelwayo et al., apho dibanisa 10-15% ngokobunzima.

Reed has ixabiso kakhulu okunesondlo kwesihloko. I-100 kg yeziqholo hay phambi kokuba kweentyatyambo eziqulathwe (angazinto eyomileyo) 44 feed. u ne 3.9% of protein ukutya, ngo-1 kg ubunzima eluhlaza - ukususela 33.1 ukuya 51,5 carotene mg. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha umoba iqulethe ifayibha ngaphantsi kunye Bev (polysaccharides) kunokuba ngamaxesha ezilandelayo sexesha lokukhula. Isimemezelo liphezulu polysaccharides ukusuka yeziqholo lwenzeka ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo yayo.

ukutya pet Dry. Iingcali zezolimo ehlabathini lonke ukususela kwixesha lakudala, ukuba lisebenze ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuphucula ixabiso lesondlo ezisezantsi-ixabiso feed: iindiza, bran, ese exolweni, kwaye ngaphezulu. Iyafikeleleka kakhulu kwaye kokumka umququ ebalulekileyo. Ngeendiza ebusika nasentlakohlaza ingqolowa, irye ebusika kunye erhabaxa, abe amandla -0,16-0,22 ifidi yesondlo. u 1 kg kwaye azilondolozwa kutyiwa zizilwanyana. Unyango lwe umququ ngokwasemzimbeni okanye imichiza iindlela (ammonia yepetroliyam, ikalika, soda abuhlungu) ibonelela ukwanda okubonakalayo (amaxesha 2.5-3.0) Ubumandi yayo kunye nokunyuka ngamaxesha 1,3-2,8 amandla yesondlo. Ixabiso mxhesho amazimba iindiza, nerhasi, oats, ingca iba lityhalarha, ingakumbi cocksfoot, ertyisi kunye Viki Yarovoy amandla aphezulu ukutya okunesondlo ngu 0,31-0,40. u xa umxholo 16,0-35,0 g leeprothini ekrwada ngamnye 1 kg. Kodwa ukuphucula Ubumandi kunye digestibility izinto feed ukutya zizondlo, kucetyiswa ukuba bazithobe iindlela zonyango ngokwasemzimbeni - wekhaya, ukuxubana mxube, nge high quality uyazondla amanzi njengoko silage, beet yintlama njl, kwakunye nezongezelelo eziphilayo esebenzayo nezimbiwa ..

Xa kungekho labenzi kusetyenziswa ibhokisi yeplanga 1,5x1,5x1,5 m. Ngeendiza Cutting zifunjwe kweengqimba 45-50 ke wafefa cm okanye wawagalela imixutywa additive kunye exutyiweyo. Lo mxube naninomququ owomileyo liziphose kuwo amanzi zaparivayut ashushu (75-80 ° C) ukwenzela Iilitha ezingama-100 1 q iindiza nganye. Neelitha ezi-100 zamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo iqhawulwa 2 kg yetyuwa. Xa kusetyenziswa ulwazi lwendibanisela yamaqabane nembeleko kuyimfuneko ukumisela umxholo eswekile kuyo ukuthintela iswekile iindiza kwaneliswe. Phambi ukuxubana nembeleko iindiza unyityilikiswa emanzini ashushu xa om-1: 3; 1: 4 ngokobunzima neziqhutywa ngomlinganiselo Iilitha ezingama-100 1 q iindiza nganye. Ukuze uphephe ifayibha digestibility esenziwe udiza Iilitha ezingama-100 nembeleko sobisi kufanelekile ukwenza kg 4-5 urea. Umxube okuziindiza kunye nembeleko nezikhuthazi ushiye isiqingatha seyure ukuzoba. Ekuqulunqeni kormosmesej ingqalelo kunye nomgangatho umququ. Elihle ephantsi Ixabiso yasebusika iindiza ingqolowa nespelete maningenzi ngaphezu kwe-45% ye-ubunzima iyonke mxube. enika iinkomo zayo kuphela-5 kg ngosuku. Umququ amazimba, nerhasi, ihabile, ertyisi, ingca iba lityhalarha ziquka ukuya kwi 55-60% ye ubunzima iyonke mxube. Ngendlu le straw kwi ukuchophela owomileyo uluhlu 7-8 kg imazi nganye ngemini nganye.

feed kanzulu nezongezelelo  

Imbewu zengca kunye nezityalo enemithi kunokunceda ukusindisa eninzi feed ezibizayo. Unga bavuna imbewu imifuno yasendle: quinoa, nangwevu, ngamarhawu, barnyardgrass, iertyisi mouse, bindweed, sharitsy, burdock, camelina, ezintlwini, Manica. Kwakhona, iimbewu kunye nemithi yeziqhamo :. Oak, nezompleyini, beech, basswood, Elm, uthuthu, yomnga etyheli, uthuthu, elderberry, viburnum, hawthorn, namajikazi Birch et al imbewu kunye nehashe nezompleyini ibeluncedo kwemfuyo zombini kwi imeko ekrwada nje ngaphambi efunxa yaye isila, kwakunye isidlo. Kuhle ukuba sibe nako usile zibe ngumgubo erhabaxa, leyo ayinakusetyenziswa umxube kunye awile okanye hay. Enye kg yonke eyomisiweyo okanye ukusilwa shell kwaye iqulathe 1.15 imbewu cupule feed. u, ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba overfeed ukutya okunesondlo aphezulu amafutha kunye carbohydrate izilwanyana. Kukho iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo.

Kukho imithombo emininzi kwezibonelelo feed non-eqhelekileyo ihlathi yeyona nokufikelelekayo impumelelo inzululwazi yokusebenza ukuvumela ukuba siqwalasele amaplanga inkunkuma njengomthombo nathembisayo izinto ekrwada ukulungiselela ukuveliswa ezahlukeneyo iimveliso ukutya kunye nezongezelelo, apho iimfuno imfuyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutya non-zemveli ngenxa becala ihlelwe, wafunda ukwakhiwa kwawo, ixabiso lesondlo, izindululo zokusetyenziswa kule reference kunye noncwadi zobugcisa. Ithekhnoloji kunye isiseko somthetho kunye nobugcisa ngenxa yokufumana zonke iindiza ngasentla, izixhobo zobugcisa ezininzi imisebenzi abanokufikelela phantse naliphi na ishishini.