Ukuba ngumfundi kaPlato, u-Aristotle wasebenzisa iminyaka engamashumi amabini kwi-Academy yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umkhwa wokucinga ngokuzimeleyo ukhokelela ekubeni ekugqibeleni ifilosofi yaqalisa ukufikelela kwizigqibo zakhe. Ayehluke ngokucacileyo kwiingcamango zotitshala, kodwa inyaniso yayixabiseke ngakumbi kunamanyathelo okubakho, okwakuboniswa kwinto eyaziwayo. Enyanisweni, ekudaleni iziseko zezesayensi zesayensi zeYurophu kunye nokucinga okucetywayo, ifilosofi yazihlukanisa kwintsimi yengqondo. Oko u-Aristotle abhala ngomphefumlo usacatshulwa esikolweni esiphakeme.
Okokuqala, umcingeli ukholelwa ukuba le nxalenye yesimo sengqondo somntu iyingxaki ezimbini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lizinto eziphathekayo, nakwezinye - ezivela kuThixo. Ukubhala udidi olukhethekileyo emphefumlweni, u-Aristotle uyakuqwalasela le ngxaki kwezinye zezenzo zakhe. Ngako oko, sinokuthi le ngxaki ingomnye wephambili kwinkqubo yakhe yefilosofi. Kuyaziwa ukuba wahlula zonke ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezimbini. Iyokuqala i-physics, oko kukuthi, umhlaba wezinto eziphathekayo. Okwesibini ubukumkani boothixo. Wabiza ngokuthi i-metaphysics. Kodwa xa sizama ukuqonda oko uAristotle acinga ngomphefumlo, sibona ukuba kwiinjongo zakhe zombini ezi zinefuthe kwi-psyche.
Incwadi enikezelwe kulo mbandela, ifilosofi ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu. Kwokuqala, wahlaziya oko ababengaphambi kwakhe babecinga ngomphefumlo. Kodwa kwicandelo lesibini, ubhekisela kwingxaki ngokubanzi, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yakhe yokucwangcisa. Lapha ufika kwisigqibo sokuba umphefumlo uyinto eyenzayo yokwenza ukuba umzimba wendalo uphile ("entelechy"). Ngoko ke, zonke izidalwa - kunye nezityalo, nezilwanyana kunye nabantu. Ukongezelela, uAristotle wacinga ngomphefumlo-kuba isitshixo salo naluphi uhlobo lwalo, amandla okuphila angabonakaliswa ngendlela efanayo.
Kodwa kukho umehluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze "entelechy yomzimba". Umntu wesityalo kunye nesilwanyana asikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwento okanye ngaphandle kwayo. I-psychic yindawo yonke apho umntu angatsho khona ubukho bobomi. Umphefumlo wendalo unobonakaliso bokukwazi ukondla. Ngoko ke, isityalo singakhula. Umntu wesilwanyana unalo lwazi kunye nokukwazi ukuziva nokuziva. Yona yinto yobunzima obuvela kwindawo ephakamileyo yophuhliso. Kodwa kukho uhlobo lwesithathu lobomi lobomi, njengoko uAristotle wathi ngomphefumlo. Kuzalwa kuphela kwizilwanyana ezinengqiqo. Kufuneka bakwazi ukuqiqa nokuqiqa.
Enyanisweni, ifilosofi ikholelwa ukuba umntu unemiphefumlo emithathu. Unesibini kunye nesityalo sokutya. Ngokungafani noPlato, u-Aristotle uxela ukuba ubukho balo miphefumlo kumntu budibene nomba, kwaye ilizwe labo lixhomekeke ngqo kumzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi fom zinezikhundla zabo. Ngaphezulu kwabo bonke, umphefumlo oyingqondi ulawula. Kwakhona "i-entelechy", kodwa ingengomzimba, kuba ingunaphakade. Ifilosofi ibonisa ukuba umphefumlo onjalo awufi, kuba kukho emva kolunye uhlobo olune "fomu ephakamileyo", enokuthi ikhona ngokwahlukileyo kwimiba kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayidibana nayo. Yaye nguThixo. Ngoko ke, umphefumlo onengqiqo ungokobuchule be-metaphysics. Ikhono lokucinga lifanele kwaye limele libe khona ngaphandle komzimba. Isiphetho esinjalo senza uAristotle womphefumlo. Isishwankathelo sendlela efanayo efundwayo kweli nqaku.