Ulwakhiwo loluntu. Ingcamango

Ukuvela, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuqiniswa kobudlelwane boluntu kubangelwa intsebenziswano eyahlukeneyo kuluntu. Ubudlelwane bumelelwe ngendlela yezinxulumano ezizinzileyo kunye ezizimeleyo, ezenziwe phakathi kwamaqela oluntu kunye nabantu ngabanye.

Iingcamango "isakhiwo sentlalo" kunye "nenkqubo yoluntu" kwintlalo-ntsapho inxulumene kakhulu. Inkqubo iyaqondwa njengezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neenkqubo. Bayibophelelwane kunye nolwalamano kunye kunye nokwenza njalo uhlobo lwezinto zonke. Njengoko izinto zenkqubo, ngokulandelanayo, ziinkqubo kunye neziganeko.

Uluntu lwentlalo yoluntu, ifilosofi yayo ininzi, ngoku, inxalenye yengcamango "yentlalo" kwaye idibanisa izixhobo ezifana "nezibophelelo" kunye "nokwakhiwa". Ukubunjwa kuyaqondwa njengezinto ezinzima zezinto. Ngolu hlobo olunzima, ulwakhiwo lwentlalo lwakhiwa. Njengoko "ikhonkco" yimiqathango yobundlobongela kwizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenza "udidi". Ingcamango "yesakhiwo sentlalo" iqulethe, ngakwesinye icala, udidi lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu ezenza ukubunjwa (ubunzima) bezinto zokwenza inkqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ngongoma ibonelela ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo, eziye zahluke ngobubanzi befuthe labo, ukubaluleka kwiipropati apho uluntu lwentlukwano luhluke ngayo, kwifilosofi yayo kwelinye iqela lentuthuko.

Unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo lwamacandelo lubonakaliswe ngokuhlukana kwinjongo kumacandelo okanye kumaqela athile. La maqela ahluke kwisimo sabo sengqondo kwindlela yokuvelisa, ahluke kwindawo yabo. Iinqununu eziphambili ezibandakanya ulwakhiwo lwentlalo lubandakanya ubugcisa, ubuhlanga, inqanaba-liklasi, iklasi, intlalo-nendawo, iindawo zentlalo, imveli, ubuhlanga kunye neminye imibutho. Ngalunye lwale miba ineenkqubo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziqukethe iinkqubo zesiseko kunye nokudibanisa. Ulwakhiwo lwentlalo lubonisa iimpawu ezibonakalisa ulwalamano oluthile ngaphakathi kweeklasi, imimandla, inkcubeko, ubugcisa kunye namanye amaqela. Ulwalamano oluphuhlisayo phakathi kwale nxalenye yenkqubo lugqitywe yendima kunye nesimo esichaphazelekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye kwinkqubo yonke yobudlelwane boqoqosho oluphuhlisayo ngokupheleleyo. Ukugxininiswa kwalolu hlobo okanye lo mbandela kunoma yimuphi ummandla uqwalaselwa kwiinkqubo zolamlo kunye nobudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane beklasi kunye nemveliso kuluntu.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhelo esisodwa senkqubo yolwalamano lwentlalo luyakhelwe-iindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaziko ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye namaziko asenza inxaxheba kwimibutho yobomi. Ezi ziko, ngakwesinye icala, zenza inethiwekhi ethile yeemfuno eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikhundla zendima ngokumalunga nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwiintlalontle zoluntu. Ngelo xesha, ngakwelinye icala, zizinzile, iindlela ezithile zokuphuhliswa kwabantu ngabanye ngamaqela.

Inkcazo yesakhiwo sentlalo kufuneka iqhutywe ngesiseko sokukhangela abadlali abafanelekileyo ababandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo ezithile zentlalo. Njengezifundo, amaqela amandla ahlukeneyo angabonakala, akwenza ngendlela ehlukeneyo: umsebenzi osebenzayo, ulutsha, ihlelo lonqulo, njalo njalo. Izifundo, ngokuqinisekileyo, zingaba ngabemi ngabanye. Ukusuka kweli ngcamango, isakhiwo sibonakala sibe ngumlinganiselo ongaphantsi okanye ongaphantsi wezohlu kunye namaqela. Ukufundwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo yoluntu esele iqhutyelwa kusetyenziswa i-theory ye- stratification yoluntu.