Nokwakheka. Common carotid kwemithambo

Carotid kwemithambo - bafundelane ngezibini iimpahla unikezele igazi onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu intloko entanyeni, endaweni yokuqala - ngobuchopho kunye namehlo. Kodwa yintoni esiyaziyo ngaye? Inokuba iphuma kuphela engqondweni wacinga ukuba, ngokucinezela ngeminwe yakho kummandla apho uya (kwi emqaleni, kwicala le noqhoqhoqho), ungasoloko lula ukufumana ukubetha kwentliziyo.

Ubume kwemithambo carotid

carotid Common umfula (inani "3" kulo mzobo) imvelaphi yayo kwindawo esifubeni kwaye iquka imithambo yegazi ezimbini - ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Liphuma ngaphaya uqhoqhoqho kunye kuvuleke iminxunya ecaleni iinkqubo ezinqamlezayo ye amathambo entanyeni kufutshane phambi komzimba.

I ilungelo elifanayo kwimithambo carotid umntu ubude ngeesentimitha eziyi-6 ukuya ku-12, kwaye iqala lo buti brachiocephalic kwaye iphela kummandla ukulaba ngohlangothi eliphezulu intlala lengqula.

Ekhohlo carotid eqhelekileyo kwimithambo ukuba esi sibini lasekunene ubude (ubukhulu bayo ukufikelela iisentimitha 16) kuba iqala ngezantsi kancinci - ukusuka Arch aortic.

imithambo carotid Common (inxalenye asekhohlo nasekunene) kwemisipha zesifuba liphuma isiciko omqolo wesibeleko nkqo phezulu. Xa iziko phakathi ngasekunene nangasekhohlo isitya eyipasile kuvuleke iminxunya kunye tube noqhoqhoqho. Ngaphandle kwayo, kufutshane ngaphambili entanyeni, kukho isibini efanayo jugular eVienna. ukugeleza kwegazi sibhekiswe phantsi imisipha intliziyo. Phakathi kwemithambo carotid okuqhelekileyo Kusenjalo jugular nguye lo luvo vagus. Bebonke bakha inyanda wesibeleko neurovascular.

Bifurcation kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo

On top, kufuphi ngohlangothi intlala lengqula yi ukwahlulwa kwemithambo carotid ibe bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle / engaphandle (kumfanekiso yokuqala iphawulwe 1 and 2). Endaweni bifurcation, apho carotid eqhelekileyo amasebe Umthambo ibe Ridge ezimbini sisongezelelo, ekuthiwa sinus carotid nomzimba pheochrome sleepy - kufutshane i sine ye eziguqula encinane. Le mimandla reflex kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womntu, oko kubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi (uzinzo layo), lo rhoqo kwemisipha sentliziyo kunye neegesi negazi.

carotid kwemithambo yangaphandle zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela eziliqela iinqanawa ezinkulu kwaye unika igazi ukuba amathe nasemadlaleni lengqula, imisipha yobuso kunye neelwimi, intamo kunye ummandla parotid, indawo kwemihlathi ongentla indawo temporal. Ifaka:

• ngaphandle kwale ndlala;
• enyukela pharyngeal;
• ulwimi;
• ngaphambili;
• Occipital;
• ngomva kwemithambo auricular.

Kwemithambo carotid lwangaphakathi zahlulwa ukuba zibe imithambo yegazi ezintlanu kwaye eganelwe entsimini nokuthuthwa amehlo, ngaphambili kunye umva yentloko wobuchopho, umnqonqo kummandla amathambo wesibeleko. It iqulathe amacandelo asixhenxe:

• Uqhagamshelo.
• Eye.
• Womlomo wesibeleko.
• Rocky.
• Imnyama.
• Cavernous.
• Yeengcandelo abadlakadlaka imingxuma.

Ukulinganiswa kwegazi kwi kwemithambo carotid

Ukulinganisa umgangatho igazi eziyimfuneko Kwathi isifundo, lo kuthiwa kabini ukuskena beempahla brachiocephalic (SPL BCA). Brachiocephalic (yokurhafisa) izitya ebizwa kwemithambo inkulu ngemithambo zabantu emzimbeni - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Ngabo abanoxanduva igazi ubonelelo ancedisana ingqondo intloko yesiqephu aphezulu.

Isiphumo ibonisa GCA SPL:

• mithambo yegazi ububanzi;
• ubukho / ukungabikho neplaque Ukwakheka, bechuba, egazi igazi phezu kweendonga;
• ukwanda / stenosis beendonga ngesitya;
• ngokuba deformation uqhekeke, aneurysms.

igazi ukugeleza engqondweni - 55 ml / 100 g kwithishyu. Yile inqanaba lenkqubela-phambili kwi carotid uqinisekisa ubuchopho krovosnabzheniyaegolovnogo kwaye akukho licuthe le mithambo, ukwakheka nebhodi, deformations kwemithambo carotid.

Thrombosis kwemithambo carotid

Xa / / imithambo carotid lwangaphandle zangaphakathi abaqhelekileyo occluded (in thrombus isitya sayo kwakhiwa), stroke kobuchopho kwenzeka, kunye nokufa maxa wambi ngequbuliso. Oyena nobangela thrombosis na yegazi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba neplaque. Ezinye izizathu ukubonakala umonakalo zezi:

• ubukho izifo ezifana dysplasia fibromyshechnaya, isifo moyamoya, Horton, Takayasu kaThixo;
• nokulimala engqondweni traumatic kunye hematoma kummandla kwemithambo;
• iimpawu noshowo kwemithambo: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• ukutshaya;
• diabetes;
• ukutyeba.

Iimpawu lobukho umonakalo

Kuyaqondakala ukuba kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo, apho licuthe kunye nebhodi Ukwakheka lingalamla ngokwalo akazange abonise. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu apho ugqirha nokuxilonga phambi kwabo.

• nobuhlungu entanyeni;
• ukuhlaselwa okunzima intloko ebuhlungu;
• ukulahleka osezingqondweni, niphele;
• blindness ngamaxesha emehlweni elinye okanye zombini;
• ukungaboni ngexesha umthambo;
• cataract;
• phambi ukuduma ezithile (ukuvuthela okanye ukukhala);
• ukushwabana iinyawo nemilenze;
• ukuphazamiseka xa uhamba;
• sluggishness ibonakale, silale;
• ubuthathaka ukuhlafuna iintshukumo;
• ukutshintsha umbala yamehlo retina;
• yombono;
• saka, waphazamiseka, abazi lutho kakuhle;
• nentetho engekho mgaqweni, kwaye ngaphezulu.

Ngokuguquguquka ngcembe zobuchopho, ezinxulumene ukuhlukunyezwa yonikezelo layo igazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo (kwimeko kwimiqobo olupheleleyo isitya) unako kakhulu ukutshintsha ubomi nangawuphi na umzuzu.

Unyango carotid kwemithambo ukuvaleka

Ngaphambi kokuqeshwa unyango kuqhutywa uphando evumela ukuba ukujonga iimpawu zesi sifo, ukujonga indawo ngqo kwemithambo achaphazelekayo:

• Ultrasound ne Doppler.
• Rheoencephalography (Reg) - ukuze kunikwe ingcaciso nge-luthambe kunye nethoni kweenqanawa ingqondo.
• Electroencephalography (EEG) - ukufunda imo kokusebenza kwengqondo.
• Magnetic intlokoma umfanekiso (MRI) - unika umfanekiso oluneenkcukacha ngemeko ukwimo ingqondo, imithambo yegazi kunye nenkqubo luvo.
• Itomography ngekhompyutha (CT) scan --X reyi izakhiwo ebuchotsheni.

Emva kokuxilongwa ngakumbi, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye iimpawu zesi sifo, amisele:

1. Conservative. unyango umbala iziyobisi ezithile (anticoagulants kunye thrombolytics) kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka, kunye nolawulo ngamaxesha ngesidanga ukuphuculwa.
2. unyango / Steel neurosurgical (kunye thrombi ezininzi, ingozi thromboembolism):

• ukuvimba Novocaine.
• Ukubeka ukudlula inxalenye occluded igazi ukuhamba kwemithambo carotid.
• Ukuthathwa benqanawa lenkohlakalo yonakele.