Iingcamango zolwazi kunye neendlela ezisisiseko zokuqonda

Inkolelo yokuqonda ingqeqesho malunga nenkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi olutsha kunye nendlela abantu abaqonda ngayo ihlabathi elijikelezile kunye nobuhlobo obunobangela obusebenza kuyo. Akukho mntu unokungabaza ukuba ukususela kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana siye sidlulele kwintsimi yethu yolwazi olungakumbi. Iinyaniso zakudala zixhaswa yizinto ezintsha ezenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: isayensi, ubugcisa, kwintsimi yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqonda ingendlela yokunxibelelana kwezentlalo kunye nokuqhubeka.

Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezininzi iingcamango ezichazwe ngabaosayensi abazigunyazayo kwaye babonakala bengenakunqunyulwa, emva kwexesha, babonisa ukungaboni ngaso. Makhe sikhumbule ubuncinci inkqubo ye- geocentric yendalo yonke, echazwe nguCopernicus. Kulo phawu, umbuzo wendalo uvela: kodwa ngaba sinokuqiniseka ukuba ulwazi lwethu lokuba luyinyaniso? Inkolelo yolwazi izama ukuphendula lo mbuzo . Ifilosofi (okanye kunoko, icandelo layo, ukufunda le ngxaki, i-epistemology) ihlola iinkqubo ezenzekayo xa ziqonda i-macrocosm kunye ne-microcosm.

Le nzu lulwazi ikhula ngendlela efanayo namanye amashishini, idibana nabo, ithatha into kubo kwaye ibuye ibuyise kwakhona. Ingcamango yolwazi ibangela umsebenzi obunzima, phantse ungenasigxina: ukuqonda ingqondo yomntu, indlela esebenza ngayo. Lo msebenzi uwakhumbuza ibali likaBaron Mnnhausen, kwaye unokufaniswa nomzamo odumile wokuziphakamisa ngeenwele. Ngako oko, umbuzo wokuba siyazi into malunga neli hlabathi alinakuguquguquka, njengokuba kunjalo, kukho izimpendulo ezintathu: ithemba, ukungathembeki nokuqonda.

Inkolelo yokuqonda ingenakuze ihlangabezane neengxaki zengxaki yokufunda inyaniso, kwaye ngoko kufuneka icinge ngemigaqo yokuchonga eli candelo. Ngaba ikhona ngokubanzi, okanye zonke iingcamango zethu malunga nesihlobo esininzi, eziguquguqukayo, ezingaphelelanga? Abathengi banethemba lokuba ulwazi lwethu aluyikusilela. UHegel, ummeli obalaseleyo walo mkhuba kwi-epistemology, wagcinwa ukuba kungabonakaliswa ngokucacileyo phambi kwethu, ukusibonisa ubutyebi bethu nokubenza bajabule. Yaye inkqubela yesayensi yinkcazo ecacileyo.

Le mbono iyachaswa yi-agnostics. Abaphika ithuba lokukwazi ukuba khona, ukuphikisa ukuba siyayiqonda ihlabathi elijikelezile ngeemvakalelo zethu. Ngaloo ndlela, izigqibo zengqiqo malunga nento into nje. Yaye yintoni imeko yeyona nyaniso - ingcamango yolwazi ayifuni, kuba sonke sinobanjiso lwezitho zethu zengqondo, kunye nezinto kunye neziganeko zibonakaliswa kuthi kuphela kwifom apho imifanekiso yabo iphikisana ngayo kwi-prism yokujonga kwethu inyaniso. Ingcamango ye-agnosticism kwi-epistemological relativism-imfundiso yokuhlukahluka ngokupheleleyo kweemeko, iziganeko, inyaniso-ichongiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Inkolelo yolwazi lokungathembeki ibuyela kububulumko basendulo. U-Aristotle wachaza ukuba umntu ofuna ukwazi ngokucacileyo, makaqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kwangoku akuphiki ukuba kungenzeka ukuqonda umhlaba ngokusemgangathweni, njenge-agnosticism, kodwa iifowuni ayinakunqweneleka ngokuphathelele ulwazi, imfundiso kunye neenyaniso ezinokuthi zingenakukhunjulwa esele sinazo. Ngeendlela "zokuqinisekisa" okanye "ukukhohlisa" kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ingqolowa kumququ, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukwazi inyaniso.