Yintoni inengxelo engqinelanayo?

Kwiprogram, kubalulekile kungekuphela kuphela ukwazi iilwimi, kodwa nokuqonda ukuba ngubani ojongene noko. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuba kube yimpumelelo yomsebenzi weqela, kwaye kwinqanaba le nqaku uza kufunda ukuba yintoni imeko yomqhubi, kutheni kubalulekile, yiziphi iimpawu ezikhoyo. Kwakhona, ukutshintshwa kunye ne-branching yekhowudi ekusetyenzisweni kuyo kuya kuboniswa ngokubanzi.

Yintoni inengxelo engqinelanayo?

Ngoko (okanye, ngenye indlela, umyalelo wesigxina wesigqeba) kuthiwa ukwakhiwa kolwimi lwenkqubo. Inikeza ukuphunyezwa komyalelo okanye isethi yemiyalelo. Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba imeko yenyaniso ethile inengqiqo iboniswa okanye umyalelo unikezelwa kumsebenzisi (umqhubi we teknoloji) kwi-mode of form.

Inkcazelo yesicelo jikelele

Umqhubi womqathango osebenzayo xa kuqhutyelwa okanye ukungahoywa kwimiyalelo emiselweyo ethile (kuncinci umyalelo) kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba kukho izigqibo ezi zinto. Ingasetyenziselwa ngokugxila kwi-branching. Enye yezakhiwo ezintathu ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo ehleliweyo.

Umqhubi weSebe

Okokuqala masithathe ukuphazamiseka okufutshane kwaye sikhumbule isithombe esithandwa kakhulu nguVictor Vasnetsov "The Knight kwi-Crossroads", ebhaliwe ngo-1878. Ubonisa iqhawe eliye laya kwinqanaba kwaye ligqiba apho liya khona. Ngokufanayo, umqhubi wemeko wenza. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-knight iyamkela isipho sokuhamba enye indlela, kodwa iya kuhamba kwelinye isebe. Kwaye kukho kuphela ukhetho olulodwa. Ukuba sithetha ngomqhubi wemimiselo, isebenza kuphela xa ibinzana layo elinengqondo linenani "lokwenyaniso". Uninzi lweelwimi lwenkqubo lisebenzisa igama elingundoqo xa kutyunjwa kwayo. Kunokwenzeka ukwakha i-cascade, xa enye imeko ihlolwe kuqala, ibe enye, ibe yesithathu, yesine, njalo njalo. Makhe siqwalasele lo mbandela ngokubanzi. Ziziphi iifom zabasebenzi? Kukho ezintathu kuphela:

1. Isitatimende esinemiqathango apho kusetyenziswa elinye isebe elilodwa. Kubukeka (kubanzi) ngale ndlela: ukuba iimeko eziyimfuneko ke imiyalelo iphelile. Ikhompyutheni ibalwa ukuba ixabiso elilinganayo lihambelana nexabiso lenyaniso. Ukuba imeko iyahambelana nedatha yezinye iindawo zeprogram, ke ikhowudi iqalisa ukuphunyezwa kuze kube yilapho igama elingundoqo lokuphela. Kwiintlanganiso, le fomu yomsebenzi yodwa ekhoyo kumprofeti. Kungakho nokuba ekugqibeleni akuyi kubakho igama eliphambili, kwaye ke kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ukuba ungabonakali into engabonakaliyo.
2. Isitatimende esinemiqathango apho kukho amasebe amabini. Kubukeka ngathi: ukuba imeko ecacileyo iyalela1 enye umyalelo.2. Ukuqulunqwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha kusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuba enye yemithetho iqhutywe ngqo. Ngoko ke, ukuba imeko leyo iyinyaniso, ngoko inxalenye yokuqala yekhowudi iyenziwa, ukuba akunjalo, inxalenye yesibini. Kwezinye iimeko, eso sigqibo siyimfuneko.
3. Umqhubi womqathango onemiqathango. Kubonakala ngathi:
   Ukuba imeko yokuqala ke yintoni oyenzayo
   Eminye ukuba ukuba imeko yokuqala ayifanelekile, jonga oku kulandelayo ke oko ukwenzayo
   Eminye ukuba sihlola zonke iimeko nganye ngento enokuyenza
   Ngenye indlela ukuba akukho nanye kwezi zinto zingentla zifanelekileyo, ke lo myalelo uphela

Njengoko ubona, umqhubi womqathango usebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ziyakwenziwa ngokulandelana. Oko kukuthi, imeko ayinakwenzeka (kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo), apho ukukhishwa komgaqo kuya kuqala ukususela ekupheleni-rhoqo ukususela ekuqaleni.

Umzekelo nge "Pascal"

Ukuze siqonde indlela oku kusebenza ngayo, makhe sicinge ngomzekelo kwelinye leelwimi ezidumileyo. Umqhubi womqathango ePascal unokuba lula kwaye unzima. Uhlobo lo kuqala luphawu njenge =, <,> kunye nezinye ezifanayo. Umqhubi womxininiso olunzima kwiPascal unokuthatha ifom elandelayo:

Ukuba> = = y
Emva koko
Op: = Sqr (a-y)
Eminye
Bhala (amanani angavumelekanga angenayo);

Yintoni umtshini?

Yintoni umtshini? Ubungqineko bokuyila kwayo kukuba ubuncinane ubuncinci amasebe. Kodwa iyakwenza kuphela enye ipharamitha echazwe ngaphambili, ephononongwa ngamazwi abalulekileyo. Ukuthetha ngokumahluko kwimigaqo echazwe ngaphambili, kufuneka uqaphele into yokuba ukubuya akuyona into enengqiqo, kodwa yonke into, kunye neentlobo ezingeniswa kuyo. Kwakhona kwezinye iilwimi zenkqubo, unokuthelekisa kunye nezixhobo zombhalo.

Imbali yophuhliso

Ekuqaleni, kwakusetyenziswe umyalelo, obonisa ukutshintsha kwileyibhile ebalwe. Yacacisa ibinzana elibambela ngokukodwa njengomkhethi, elibuyisele inani lexabiso elipheleleyo, kunye nesethi yemiyalelo yokutshintsha. Xa umyalelo wenziwa, ixabiso elithile labalwa, elisebenzisiweyo njengenombolo yileyibhile kulo lonke uluhlu lwemiyalelo, apho ingcaciso yomshishina idluliselwe kuyo.

Ukwakhiwa okufanayo kunokubonakala kwiilwimi zokufunda ezifana ne-BASIC ne-FORTRAN. Asikwazi ukusho ukuba ziphelelwe yisikhathi, kuba kude kube ngoku zikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokwaneleyo, ukuba sithetha ngazo malunga neprogram. Umqhubi womqathango, osetyenziswa kwiilwimi zanamhlanje, ulwakhiwo olunzima, oluchaphazela isantya. Ukubuyela kwimvelaphi yale nqaku, ndingathanda ukongeza ukuba ukucacisa isebe elifunekayo, akudingeki ukuba wenze inkqubo ngokulandelana kunye nokuthelekisa umphumo wegama kunye namanye amanani. Kulula nje ukungena kwimemori yoluhlu lwemimiselo engaphendulwanga, apho iidilesi ezifunekayo ziqulethwe khona. Xa uqeqesho olufunekayo luyenziwa, ulwazi oluyimfuneko lubalwa nje. Kwaye isantya seprogram siba zimeleyo kwinani leebhile.

Kwiilwimi zeprogram zanamhlanje ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngeli xesha, umqhubi womatshini angenziwa kwakhona njengetafile yenguqu, equkethe imiyalelo ehambisa ingqalelo kwiingcingo ezifunekayo ngaphandle kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Zibonakaliswa njani? Kwiilwimi eziphambili zeelwimi, kwiimeko ezininzi, sebenzisa iimeko, i-swithc, okanye zombini.

Izixhobo zokubala amazwi anengqiqo

Impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwindlela inkqubo kunye nomqhubi wemimiselo eya kuqhutywa ngayo inikezwa ngumongo wokubala kweemeko ezinemibandela ezithathwe kwimeko nganye. Kukho izicwangciso ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.

1. Ukubala ngokupheleleyo. Zonke iiparamitha zibalwa ngamanani anikeziweyo, kwaye ke mna.
2. Ukubala okungapheliyo. Iiparamitha nganye ziqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuba ilizwi liyinyani, i-parameter elandelayo ibalwa. Ichanekileyo OKANYE.

Isiphelo

Izitatimenti ezinemiqathango zilungeleka kakhulu kwinkqubo. Ngoncedo lwabo, unokwenza lula ukusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokufilosofi.