Ikhowudi engabonakaliyo: iqala njani?

Akuyiyo imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuba, xa usithumela nayiphi na umyalezo, ulwazi lunokuphazamiseka, mna E. Ngolwazi oludluliselwayo, idatha ephosakeleyo ingavela. Ukuphazamiseka kolwazi kungavela phantsi kwefuthe leemeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezi ziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:

- iziganeko zokuthumela, ukufumana iifowuni okanye ukuthumela iinjongo ezinxulumene ne-hardware okanye inxenye yesofthiwe;

- ukungena kwephazamaniso kwinqanaba lezonxibelelwano , ezinokubakho ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle ngenxa yomonakalo kunye nokungasebenzi ngenxa yokuvela kwimpembelelo yangaphandle (injongo okanye ingozi).

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubungqina bomyalezo wolwazi xa usithumela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo kusetyenziswa namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, indlela eqhelekileyo, eyaziwayo, elula, elula yokukhusela idatha ekuphazamiseni ingxolo-yokukhuphela i-immune coding.

Imbali yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwengcaciso ngexesha lokusasaza iqalile ngo-1948, xa umsebenzi owaziwayo kaK. Shannon "iNkcazelo yeMathematika yoLwazi" yapapashwa. Le nqaku iyona nto isiseko sokumiswa kwengcinga enje ngomsindo-ukukhusela i-immune coding, oku kuthetha ukubhalwa kwekhowudi, okunika ukulawula ukuvela kweephene kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa kwazo.

Ukususela kwinqaku le-Shannon landela isiphetho esichukumisayo: kunzima kwaye akukhoqoqosho ukufumana iziteshi zokunxibelelana ezinciphisa ukubunjwa kweephene. Kulula kakhulu kwaye kunenzuzo kakhulu ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana ngeenkcukacha. Ngelo xesha, uShannon akazange acacise nayiphi na iikhowudi ezithile, kodwa wabonisa ukuba khona.

Iintlobo zeenkcukacha zenkcazelo zifunyenwe ngentshukumo kwiminyaka eyi-50 yenkulungwane edlulileyo, kodwa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo azizange zenze nantoni na. Iminyaka elishumi ezayo ibhalwe ngokufunyanwa kwenkqubo eya kuvumela ukudala isethi yobuchwepheshe ukunciphisa amathuba okuphambuka komyalezo.

I-teknoloji yokuqala ithola amagama eenkontila zebhloko kwaye yayininzi yemathematika. Ngethuba lokuqala, i-encoding-immune encoding kule fomu yaqaliswa ngawo-1950, xa iikhowudi zebhloko zingalungisa iphutha elilodwa kuphela. Kakade ke, loo khowudi ayinakusebenza, kwaye ngoko ke, ixesha elide, uphando kunye nophuhliso olwenziweyo lwaqhutywa. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iklasi epheleleyo yamakhowudi, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela nokulungisa iziphene ezininzi.

Enye iteknoloji eyenza ukuba i-coding-immune coding izame ukuqonda ukukhuphela kunye nokucacisa, ukubonakala kunye nokulungiswa kweephene ukusuka kwinqanaba leembono. Ngenxa yeziphumo ezide, kukho iklasi yeekhowudi ezingenablo, apho iikhowudi ze-convolution zazisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela, ezo zobuchwepheshe ziqala ukugqalwa kwisisu esisodwa, ngenxa yoko ekugqibeleni ekugqibeleni ukufumana iikhowudi ezikhankanywe kwinqaku laseShannon. Ngenxa yemisebenzi emininzi, kucetywayo izicwangciso ezakhela intsapho yeekhowudi kwaye zanikezela izalathisi eziphezulu zokuqinisekisa ubungqina bomyalezo xa zithunyelwa ngeendlela zokunxibelelana.

Leyo yimbali yokwakhiwa kwengxolo-yokukhusela i-immune coding. Ngokuqinisekileyo, namhlanje izicwangciso ezininzi kunye neengcamango zokulondolozwa kolwazi oludluliselwayo ziyacetyiswa, ezahlukileyo kumsebenzi, ukulungelelaniswa, ukuthembeka, isakhiwo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili.