EYurophu: imbali. Amazwe ase-Yurophu: uluhlu

Imbali Europe luqala ukuwa Western uBukhosi baseRoma ngo-476. Ngomhla emanxuweni karhulumente inkulu kwasekwa izikumkani ngumbharbhari eyaba isiseko namazwe anamhlanje Western aseYurophu. History of Western Europe yahlulwe ngezigaba ezine: kumaXesha Aphakathi, mihla nowangoku kunye kwiilwimi zesiNtu.

Abanemvume Western eYurophu

Le IV-V AD eminyaka phezu imida uBukhosi baseRoma baqalisa ukuhlala izizwe German. Abalawuli umdla bahlali ezintsha inkonzo, engayazi into ebulalayo indima aza kuyidlala ikamva yelizwe labo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, umkhosi wamaRoma izele abasuka kwabasemzini, othe kwisithuba ezidubedube ebizinyikimisa ubukhosi, kuxhomekeka umgaqo akwa, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu inxaxheba mdibi, wabeka abalindi bakhe.

Loo ulungelelwaniso iziganeko kukhokelele kwinto yokuba 476 mkhosi Odoacer zabhukuqwa wokugqibela umlawuli waseRoma Romulus Awugusto othi, yaye kwisiza elalisakuba uBukhosi baseRoma Western wambumba ithi ezintsha of Western Europe. Eyona inkulu kakhulu ezinamandla kula Ubukumkani Franks, zabubamba amandla kumkani KukaClovis. kweentyatyambo Incopho lukarhulumente omtsha lifike xa amakhosi ukumkani uCharlemagne, yazeka kwisihloko mlawuli kunyaka 800. lolawulo lwakhe kwakukho ummandla Italian, yingxenye yeSpain, umhlaba Saxon. Ukuwa bukhosi emva kokufa Karla Velikogo wazimisela uphuhliso ngakumbi kwilizwekazi.

Imbali Europe kumaXesha Aphakathi luphawulwa ukusekwa kumazwe uninzi imo feudal kwimveliso. amandla kumkani kwi nisaqala yophuhliso enamandla kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokomelezwa kwenkqubo yobuzwe centrifugal karhulumente sichithakele kwinani yonaniso ezahlukeneyo. Xa XI-XII eminyaka ukukhula ngokukhawuleza imizi, ezaba sisiseko yemveliso longxowankulu.

ngexesha elitsha

EYurophu, imbali yayo luphawulwa ngesantya esincomekayo lophuhliso kwiinkulungwane XV-XVII afumana nqanaba wokwenene ubudlelwane yezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kwindawo yokuqala ngenxa ekuqaleni kule Age of Discovery. Portugal, Spain, ilandelwe yi-Netherlands, France laqalisa ugqatso ngokwenene ukufunyanwa kunye ukoyisa imimandla emitsha.

Kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, kwisithuba esiphantsi kovavanyo iqala isithuba ekuthiwa kobutyebi ngendlela eyayingekaphuhli of capital, xa zifuneka kuqala ukuze revolution mveliso. Omnye uvulindlela kwimveliso machine yaba eNgilani: kweli lizwe sele kwinkulungwane XVII waqalisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kushishino ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. EYurophu, imbali apho nangoku andazi nantoni na elolo hlobo uphuhliso onamava kakhulu yemveliso kwimizi kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba amava IsiNgesi.

Yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko yeenguqu yongxowankulu

Imbali entsha yaseYurophu kwinqanaba elilandelayo luqinisekiswa kakhulu ukutshintshwa imo nkulu feudal kwimveliso. Isiphumo soku umzabalazo yonke uthotho revolutions yamaphephandaba, nto leyo iye yasinda kwi XVII-XVIII kwiinkulungwane eYurophu. Imbali yezi neziphithiphithi ngokusondeleyo inxulumene kwintlekele kwezi kolawulo absolutist kumazwe aphambili kweli lizwekazi - England France. Ukusekwa kwamandla ngokupheleleyo kwesi kumkani sele uhlangene nokumelana kanobomi kwilifa wesithathu - ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba ezidolophini, nto leyo efunekayo inkululeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.

Ezi iingcamango neminqweno iklasi entsha ziboniswe kwi nenzululwazi entsha inkcubeko ngaphakathi - kwezemfundo, ogama abameli ndibeke phambili iingcamango olululo Luxanduva kumkani ngayo abantu, amalungelo zendalo, njl Le ngcamango nesigama ziye zaba sisiseko yembono ngenxa yeenguqu yoohlohlesakhe. I-revolution lokuqala ezinjalo kwenzeka eNetherlands ngenkulungwane XVI, uze emva koko eNgilani ngenkulungwane XVII. The French Revolution yenkulungwane XVIII ophawulwe kwinqanaba elitsha kuphuhliso lwentlalo-qoqosho nopolitiko Western Europe, kuba kambe eso uyekwa ngokusemthethweni inkqubo feudal kwaye waseka republic.

amazwe aseYurophu Western kwinkulungwane XIX

Ukuqonda intsingiselo Napoleonic Wars ukuchonga iindlela eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo ekhulisa kwiinkulungwane yembali ingqalelo. Amazwe aseYurophu yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko yayo emva kokuba Congress of Vienna ngo-1815, echazwe imida emitsha kunye kwintsimi kumazwe Western aseYurophu.

Kwi nemisinga, kuye ezazisiweyo umgaqo semthethweni, kufuneka ukuba iBhodi amakhosi esemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo kwe revolution kunye iimfazwe Napoleonic ashiye uphawu lwabo kumazwe aseYurophu. Imveliso yobungxowankulu, ukudalwa kushishino ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ishishini enzima uye enkundleni iklasi entsha - oongxowankulu, leyo ngoku yayikukuqinisekisa uphuhliso lwezopolitiko noqoqosho kodwa kuphela. EYurophu, imbali yayo emiselwe utshintsho kwingxelo ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, laqalisa indlela entsha yophuhliso, ethe esisigxina neziphithiphithi eFransi, iinguqu of Bismarck eJamani, ubunye Italy.

XX kwekhulu kwimbali Western Europe

Wenkulungwane entsha yabalasela iimfazwe ezimbini ezoyikekayo zehlabathi, ezenza kwakhona kwakhokelela notshintsho kwimephu lelizwekazi. Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe yokuqala ngo-1918 waziqhekeza ubukhosi inkulu, yaye indawo yazo kwasekwa States ezintsha. Baqala ukuphuhlisa blocs emkhosini-kwezopolitiko, nto leyo kamva wadlala indima egwebayo kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi, iziganeko ezenzeka ngaphambili eSoviet-German.

Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe Western Europe sele sokufezekisa enkampini nkulu ekuchaseni eSoviet Union. Kukho zadalwa ezikhoyo ezinkulu ezifana kwezopolitiko ezifana NATO kunye Western European Union ngokuchasene Warsaw Pact.

amazwe Western European namhlanje

Kuba amazwe Western Yurophu kwamkelwa kumazwe 11: Belgium, Austria, Great Britain, eJamani, Ireland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Netherlands, eSwitzerland, France. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko kolu luhlu wenza ziquka Finland, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece.

Kwinkulungwane xxi kwi nemisinga yaqhubeka isiqhelo indibaniselwano yepolitiki neyoqoqosho. I-European Union, ummandla Schengen negalelo kumanyano ithi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kule mihla kukho nolangazelelo centrifugal ngeqela uthi abafuna ukulandela inkqubo ezimeleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isigqibo European Union. Le meko yokugqibela ibonisa inani elandayo ephikisanayo kakhulu kwi euro, ezo mandundu iinkqubo yemfuduko ukuba umfutho kwiminyaka yakutshanje.