I-Rocket complex "Caliber". Umqhubi wendlela yokuhamba ngeenqanawa. Inkqubo yokulwa komkhosi

Ngentwasahlobo ka-2009, kwimiboniso yeendlela zokukhusela e-Asia, iN Novator Novator yanikela okokuqala ngeprosi ye-missile nge-missile iKarber-K. Iquka ezine iimfono ezifakwe elwandle. I-rocket complex "I-Caliber" ibonakala njenge-container ye-12-meter cargo container, esetyenziselwa ukuthutha. Ukuxhamla okunjalo kusiza ubunzima ukuba singabonwa kuze kube yilapho kusebenziwe.

"Iinkqubo ezikhoyo zeendlela zokukhwela ngamashishini" - ngoko abaphuhlisi babiza inkqubo entsha ye-missile, kuba ixabiso layo lilingaphantsi kwezigidi ezilishumi elinesithandathu zeedola.

I-rockets

Ngeenkwenkwezi zemikhosi zasentshona, ukuvela kwezinto ezinjalo kubangelwa ukwethuka, kuba ngenxa yalo, yonke imigaqo yemfazwe ishintshile ukususela ngaloo xesha. Isitya esinjalo singabonakali naliphi na indawo: kwinqanawa elwandle, kwisitimela, kwaye ube yinqwelo yeemoto, kwaye ubaleke kwindiza. Ngoko ke, utshaba luye lwafuneka luqhubekele ukuhlonipha ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphambi kokugqiba ukuhlasela.

Kodwa nakwephi na isitishi kunye nesitishi sikaloliwe kumazwe athuthukileyo ezinje izitya ziyinani elikhulu. Basebenza njengendawo yokugcina impahla, banokuhlala kwiingcali okanye abasebenzi. Ukongeza, zinokufakwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nokunye okuninzi. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukukhetha ukuba yiyiphi yamakhulu amawaka eenkonkxa "i-rocker" rocket inaphakathi.

Ukuthutha iimfuno zoluntu kulungele imithwalo enjalo. Phakathi kwezinye iinqanawa kunye neetreni ezifanayo, akukho ziqulatho ezahlukeneyo, ukufumanisa ukuba akukho nto. Kwaye ukuyilandelela kuma-satellites ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka akunakwenzeka.

I-Panic yaseNtshona

Ngokwephephandaba laseBrithani i-Daily Telegraph, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuba i-Iraq ibe neenkqubo ezinjalo zokungqubuzana, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-US iya kuhlasela i-Persian Gulf, ekubeni impela nayiphi na iinqanawa zemizi e-Gulf ingaba nayo kwibhodi yayo njengendlela ye-missile system "Caliber" ".

I-Pentagon ibonakalise inkxalabo enkulu ngenxa yokuba iRashiya yaqalisa ukunikezela ngeendlela zokungqubuzana kwabo bonke abanokuhlaselwa yi-United States. Bakholelwa ukuba imeko ehlabathini iya kuzinza ukuba izixhobo ezinjalo ziwa, umzekelo, kwiVenezuela okanye e-Iran.

E-US, nangaphambi koko, babekhathazekile malunga neRashiya ekujoliswe kuyo ukuthengisa kwiIran e-S-300, i-missile systems, eyayinakho ukubuyisela ukuhlaselwa kwe-missile yi-US okanye yakwaSirayeli. Akufuneki ukuthetha, inkqubo ye-"Caliber" ye-missile inkqubo ayikhuseli komoya, kodwa isixhobo senkampu.

Iziganeko ze "Caliber". Kutheni iWest isaba kangaka?

Ngaphambili, iistim e-missile zenzelwe ukufakela kuphela kwiinqanawa kunye namanqanawa. Kodwa ukuqhuma kweNkotyutriji kukuba iimfono ezitsha zentambo zifakwe kwisitya esiqhelekileyo kwaye singasungulwa ngokuzimela. Ngako oko, ukusetyenziswa kweemibhobho kushintsho olukhulu.

"I-Caliber-K" ayinako ukulinganiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwisicelo. Uluhlu lweembambano ze-caliber-K zivela kumakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu ukuya kweekhilomitha ezilikhulu, azikho izinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphambili, amaMerika ahambela kuyo nayiphi na imingcipheko yokuthunyelwa kwemibhobho yokuhamba kweTomahawk. Ngenxa yoko, iRashiya ayinayo nayiphi na imithintelo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwiimikhumbi, ikakhulukazi njengoluhlu olufutshane.

Yintoni ekwaziswa ngayo inkqubo ye-Pentagon ye-missile system "Caliber"? Iimpawu zezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi azibonakali nantoni na entsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ayinayo ibanga elide elijoliswe kuyo kwaye alikho ngokukhawuleza.

Nangona kunjalo, ingozi yenkxwaleko yintshaba ikhona kwinto yokuba ikhonkiliti enomgca kwaye ayibonakaliyo nayiphi na ukuhlonipha - ubugcisa okanye i-air. Inokufakeka ngokukhuselekileyo phantse naphi na, umzekelo, ukukhusela unxweme. Emva koko, ezi zikhethi zihamba kuphela. Kodwa! Ndiyabulela kubo, ngokukhawuleza ukuphulwa kwokhuselo lonxweme akuyi kusebenza, njengoko kuya kufuna ukubetha iithagethi ezininzi, ezininzi zazo ziza kuba zibuxoki.

Ngako oko, iinqwelo zomoya aziyikuzibhabhisa kufuphi nxwemeni, kwaye iinqanawa ezingenakukwazi ukungazibi xa zizama ukuhlaselwa.

Iingcamango zibonakaliswe ukuba ukuba izakhiwo zokukhusela zomoya zifihliwe kwiibhanki ezifanayo, ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mntu uyazama ukufikelela kwimida yemida.

Iimpawu eziphikisayo

Izakhiwo zengxube ezenziwe ngeRashiya zolu hlobo zenziwe ngeJSC Concern Morinformsystem-Agat. Kwisitya esinye kukho ukufakela ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezine. Kodwa, ngaphezu koko, sidinga izibini ezimbini ezifanayo. Kwesinye sezibhobho kufuneka kubekho iModuli yokuLawula, kunye nakwezinye-i-Life Support and Module Module. Ngabo, ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kunye nokuhlolwa, ukufumana imiyalelo yokudubula, ukubala kwedatha ekujoliswe kuyo, ukulungiselela ukuqala, isabelo sendiza kunye nokuqaliswa kweembalo.

Ukuze siqaphele konke oku, sidinga ukunxibelelana okunxibelelweyo, ukuhamba nge-satellite, iposi kunye nokubala ukulwa. Ngako oko, amacandecha ayinakwenzeka ukuba akwazi ukusebenzisa i-teknoloji, kuba ayinayo i-satellites, kwaye "u-Caliber" uthatha unxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa iqela leqela laseRashiya.

Imikhosi yeContainer - ukubonakaliswa kokuhlaselwa ngexesha lokusongela

Injongo yenkxalabo yenkxalabo yinkxalabo yeenqanawa zaseburhulumenteni ngexesha loosongelo lwangaphandle. Efumaneka kufuphi nxweme, baya kugubungela ummandla wonxweme ekuhlaleni iinqanawa. Ekubeni kwendlela kunye nomzila woololiwe, baba yinkqubo yokulwa neenqanawa ezihambahambayo ezinokumisa intshaba emgama ongaphantsi kwekhulu elinamanci mahlanu nangaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukukhusela ezi zinkimbinkimbi zisebenza kakuhle.

I-Caliber yedwa yanele ukuba ithathe indawo yokuhamba ngeenqanawa kunye neenqanawa. Intengo ethobekileyo yinkathazo ikhuphiswano kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezibiza kakhulu kwiNtshona Yurophu. Inkathazo ifezekile kwii-submarine zesiJamani, ii-frigates zaseSpain, ii-helicopter zaseNtaliyane nezinye izixhobo. Ngaphandle kwee-United Arab Emirates nazo zijonge ngenyameko kwiinkomfa.

Iinkqubo ze-Missile zaseRashiya

Intsapho "i-Caliber" (okanye "iKlabhu" -kukhompyutheni yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle) iquka iinqwelo ezihlanu zeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, amandla kunye nohlu. Isithombeni "Umlinganiso" sichazwe ngezantsi.

I-anti-ship winged 3M54E iphuhliswe ngesiseko se "Granat", ekhonza ukubetha kwabathwali beenqwelo. Uluhlu lwale rocket lungamakhilomitha amathathu. Ijubane le-flight missile li-0.8 maxesha ngesantya sesandi. Xa isondela ekujoliswe kuyo, isantya sayo sanda kwaye sidlula enye ikhilomitha ngesibini. Nangona kunjalo, ukucima umqhubi weenqwelo-moya ngenye indlela le mkhosi ayikwazi ngokukodwa kwaye ngoko kuyisixhobo soqhinga.

I-Alpha rocket

Kodwa inxalenye yokuqala yenkqubo ye-missile yayiyi-Alfa missile, eyaqala ukubonakala ngo-1993 kwimbonakaliso e-Abu Dhabi kunye nomboniso wamazwe ngamazwe eZhukovsky. Ukususela kuloo nyaka unye wamkelwa.

Ukutyunjwa kwentshona ye-missile yi-SS-N-27 i-Sizzler. Kwakhona kuthiwa "iKlabhu", "iTurquoise" ne "Alpha". Kodwa i-Russian cipher ye-rocket ngu-Caliber.

I-Indiya yowokuqala ukuthenga le nkqubo ye-missile system "Caliber". Bafakwe kwiifrigates kunye neenqanawa ze-Indian Navy, ezakha amabhizinisi aseRashiya. Kuloo manqanawa, asele athengiwe, enze umsebenzi wokulungisa kunye nosuku. Kwakhona le nkqubo iqhutywe isigqibo sokuthumela eChina nakwamanye amazwe.

"Caliber-N" kunye ne "Caliber-C"

Ngama-1990, ii-Club-N kunye ne-Club-S zinkampu zee-submarines kunye neenqanawa zomhlaba nazo zanikezelwa ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ekuqaleni, bakhonza ukutshabalalisa i-submarines. Ngaloo ndlela, i-rocket ye-91RE1 isungulwa kwi-tube torpedo kuma-millimeters angamashumi amahlanu anesithathu. Ukusebenzisa injini echanekileyo, iyadlula indawo phantsi kwamanzi kwaye izuze ukuphakama. Emva koko i-injini yesibini iyajika kwaye i-missile ye-cruise "Caliber" iyaqhubeka isuka kwindawo yokuhlaselwa. Ufumanisa iselwandle. Emva kancinci, ngaphandle kweempazamo ezabetha iinqanawa, ubunzima bexhotyiswe ngeemfazwe zokulwa. I-Varshavyanka eyaziwayo yeprojekthi ye-Project 636.3 ixhotyiswe kwiinkampani zeClub-S. Zithunyelwa kwiIndiya naseChina, eVietnam naseAlgeria.

Umkhosi we-Winged 3M14E

Lo mkhosi unempawu ezifanayo ne-3M54E1. Nangona kunjalo, yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa iithagethi zomhlaba, kungekhona iithagethi zeplasam (i-"Caliber PL") kunye nomhlaba ("Caliber NK"). Inkqutyana ye-rocket yalolu hlobo ilawulwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iimpawu zolawulo lwazo zi-bar-altimeter, eziqinisekisa ukufihla kwendiza ngenxa yokubambisana okufunekayo kokuphakama ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwendawo yokunceda, kunye nenkqubo yokuhamba nge-satellite eyenza ukhokelo oluphezulu oluchanekileyo.

3M54E kunye no-3M54E1. Ukufana nokungafani

I-3M54E ne-3M54EI nayo inokucwangciswa okufanayo. Zenziwe kwisikimu esiphezulu se-aerodynamic kunye nephiko le-trapezoidal, kodwa lihluke kwinani lamanyathelo.

I-rocket 3M54E inezigaba ezintathu: i-fuel solid ekuqaleni, ukuhamba kunye ne-reagent yamanzi kunye neyesithathu.

Isiqalo siqala ngeendleko zesigaba sokuqala, emva koko sihlula kunye nenjini yokuqhuma ngokuvula iphiko. Isantya kweli nqanaba sifinyelela kumamitha amabini anamanci mane ukuya kwesibini. Emva kokuba ithagethi ifunyenwe, isigaba sesibini siyahlukana kwaye sesithathu siqala ukusebenza. Ijubane ke likhula kumawaka eemitha ngomzuzwana.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-3M54E1 missile ukusuka kwi-3M54E kukungabikho kwesigaba sesithathu. Ngako oko, i-missile ye-3M54E1 inesivinini esisezantsi kuphela. Kufutshane kumitha ezimbini. Kodwa inxalenye yalo yokulwa imalunga nokuphindwe kabini njenge-missile ye-3M54E. Iintlanzi 3M54E1 kunye nomzekelo othelekiswayo, kodwa ungagxininisi ekupheleni.

Izixhobo zakutsha zaseRashiya

NgoSeptemba 23, 2014, umlawuli we-Black Sea Navy uxelele uMongameli ukuba kwi-Novorossiysk i-undermarines iza kusekelwe kwiindawo zokukhwela kwexesha elide. Xa umongameli wandicela ukuba ndicacise ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yeyiphi intlobo ebandakanyekayo, umlawuli wamapolisa waphendula ukuba uluhlu lwemibhobho lwaluyiwaka elikhulu elinamakhulu amahlanu. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iinqwelo zokukhwela ezitsha zaseRussia zazingama-rocky 3M14 oonyana baka-Caliber.

Inyani kukuba i-diesel-electric electric submarines kwi-Black Sea Fleet izisa i-torpedoes ibe nobukhulu beemitha ezingamakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amathathu namathathu. Kuchanekileyo ezi zimbonakalo ezikhankanywe ngentla. Umsila onjalo uphuhliswa ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo okanye kwii-torpedo tubes zamanzi ezinqanawa. Ngokweminye imithombo, iqulethwe iindidi ezimbini zokulwa: ezizodwa kunye eziqhelekileyo. Ndiyabulela inxalenye ekhethekileyo, udidi lwe-missile lunokunyuka kakhulu.

Esi sixhobo esitsha esiseRashiya senza ukuba i-Black Sea Fleet ithinte iithagethi ngaphandle koLwandle oluMnyama ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yokuthunyelwa ngokusisigxina.

Ngoko uluntu jikelele lubonelelwe ngolwazi malunga nohlu lweemfono kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu elinesihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ziye zaziwa ngokude malunga nale nto kunye nangaphezulu kweembalo. Ngomnyaka we-2012, umlawuli weCaspian Flotilla sele sele ekhankanye ukuba iimfono ze-Caliber ezifakwe kwiinqanawa zakhe zingabetha izigidi ezimashumi amabini anesithandathu.

Ngaloo ndlela, izibhamu zaseRashiya zithwele kwaye zathatha iimfono ze-Tomahawk ze-US kunye nobuninzi beekhilomitha eziliwaka kunye nekrukliya lemfazwe yenyukliya kunye newaka elinamanci mathandathu ngeCU ephezulu.

Iingcali zamaMkhosi kwi-missile ende

Iingcali zivumile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-missile yokuhamba kwexesha elide akuphambani noMnqophiso wokuLawulwa kweeSilayile eziNcinci kunye neePhakathi, kuba nje abawa phantsi kolawulo lwalo xwebhu, kwaye abanye, ngenxa ye-United States, ayilindelekanga kwaye ayilindelekanga.

Ukuqhuba imiboniso

Iingcali zamazwe ngamazwe zazi malunga nokuphuhliswa kwezimbombo kunye nemiboniso yangaphambili ngo-2009. Imiboniso yezinto zokusebenza zempi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba "kwi-Caliber" yabanjwa kwangaphambili. Ngo-2006, e-Nizhny Tagil, umkhosi we-Alfa wabonakaliswa okokuqala ngumboniso. Kwaye baqala ukuthetha malunga nale rocket ngaphambi kokuba, emva kweminyaka eyi-90.

Ngo-2010, kwimbonakalo yemikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe e-Qatar, inkqubo ye-missile ye-"Caliber" nayo yaboniswa. Lona luhlobo olunxwemeni lwe-Club-M yeselula, uhlobo lwe-Club-U oluyinkimbinkimbi kunye neengqungquthela ezixakekileyo, esele zimelelwe ngonyaka ngaphambili eMalaysia, kwiClubs-K.