Iipaki kunye neendawo zokuhlala zeSizwe sase-Irkutsk: uluhlu, inkcazelo kunye nokuhlaziywa

Ukususela ngo-1997, ngoJanuwari 11, iRashiya yagubha iMini yamaZiko kunye neePaki zeSizwe. Ngaloo suku kwikhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo (ngo-1916) wadala yokuqala eRussia State Reserve - uBarzinzinky. Itholakala kummandla weLake Baikal. KwiTransbaikal nazo zigcinwe kwingingqi yase-Irkutsk. Lo mmandla ucebile kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Izibini ezimbini, iPrabaikalsky National Park kunye nokugcinwa kwamaninzi kummandla.

Iimpawu zommandla wase-Irkutsk

Le ngenye yezona ziqendu ezinkulu zaseMpumalanga Siberia. Ummandla wayo u-5% wendawo yaseRussia. Ubude obude buchaza ulwahlulo lwezizwe kunye nemvelo. Uninzi lwalo luhlala emahlathini ase-taiga, iindawo zokuhlala, iindawo zokuhlala ezinqabeni, imilambo yamanzi. Kodwa ukukhanga kakhulu kwindawo yase-Irkutsk yiLake Baikal. Siyabulela, ukhenketho luqhutywe apha apha.

I-Baikal ifakwe kwiluhlu lwelifa lemveli ngenxa yeendawo ezizodwa zemvelo, amanzi acacileyo kunye neendidi ezininzi zabameli beeflora kunye nezilwanyana.

Ziziphi iindawo zokugcina?

Ummandla wase-Irkutsk usekuhlaleni kweLake Baikal, equkwa yi-UNESCO kwiindawo zeLifa leMveli. Ngenxa yoko, ininzi yalo ibhekiselele kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokubaluleka kombutho. Uluhlu lweendawo zokugcina kwiindawo zase-Irkutsk zincinci, kodwa ukubaluleka kwazo kubalulekile. Ugcino luye lwadalwa ngenjongo yokulondoloza ubunzima bezinto zendalo kwimo yawo yasekuqaleni. Iyakwenqabela ngokupheleleyo ukuzingela kunye naluphina umsebenzi wezoqoqosho.

I-reserve yokuqala - iBhariguzinsky - yadalwa, njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, eRussia ngo-1916. Iindawo ezikufuphi ezisemaphandleni yase-Irkutsk zavela kuma-80s. Bahlanganisa intsimi enkulu yommandla wonxweme iBaikal kwaye badalwe ukuze balondoloze uqobo lwezityalo kunye nobomi bezilwanyana.

Izibonelelo zommandla wase-Irkutsk: uludwe

Kukho iziqwenga zee-steppes, amahlathi amahle ase-taiga, amachibi, iintaba zeentaba, i-paleovolcanoes yamandulo, ama-waterfalls, gorges. Ukukhusela indawo ekhethekileyo yemvelo, iindawo ezigcinwe kwiindawo zase-Irkutsk zenziwe. Uluhlu lwamagama luyaziwa nawuphi na umhlali wendawo, kuba banceda ukusindisa ulwandle lwaseLake Baikal kwimeko yendalo. Oku kwaqala ngokugqithiseleyo ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, xa abameli abaninzi beeflora kunye nezilwanyana baqala ukufa ngenxa yemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokukhungulwa kwamahlathi.

Ziziphi iindawo zokuhlala kwiindawo zase-Irkutsk?

• I-Vitimsky Nature Reserve yasungulwa ngowe-1982. Itholakala kwicala elisenyakatho-mpuma yeTransbaikalia. Enye yemisebenzi yokubonakala kwayo yayikukhuselwa kwegusha leqhwa, inhlanzi, iintlobo ezinqabileyo zeentaka ezidla inyama, imihlaba yecala elilodwa leentaba i-Oron. Lapha khula i-larch, kukho ipayini, imisedare kunye ne-fir. Ukutyelela i-Vitim Reserve kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiindlela ezi-3 zokutyelela umlambo iVitim kunye neLake Oron.
• I-Reserve ye-Baikal-Lensky State Nature yasungulwa ngo-1986. Itholakala kwingxenyeni esezantsi yeqonga laseBaikal elunxwemeni olusentshonalanga yeLake Baikal. Apha, kukho amahlathi e-taiga agcinwe, ii-steppes, ii-paleovolcanoes ezi-1.5 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala. Kulo ndawo ininzi inani leebhere ezimnyama kunye nezinye izilwanyana ze-taiga. Kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezinjenge-osprey, i-storgi ebomnyama, ukhozi olubonakalayo, ukhozi lwegolide, i-peregrine falcon nabanye. I-pine, i-larch kunye nemisedari ixhaphake, ininzi i-lichens, i-mosses ne-fungi. Iindidi ezingama-47 zezityalo ezisengozini zikhuselwe apha.

KwiiPaki zeSizwe

Ezi ziindawo ezinkulu kunye nezinto ezizodwa zemvelo. Nazi zonke iimeko zokuphumla kunye nezokhenketho ezidalwa, ezigcina ukuvela kweendawo ezintle kwaye azilimazi iiflethi nezilwanyana. Umlinganiselo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unqatshelwe ngokupheleleyo, umsebenzi woqoqosho lwabantu, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo ngenjongo yezolimo kwiimfuno zoluntu lwabantu. Ngokungafani neendawo zokungcebeleka, iindwendwe zivunyelwe ukungena kummandla wepaki kazwelonke. Kukho indawo yokupaka kunye neendlela zokutyelela.

Ipaki yokuqala yesizwe yadalwa e-US ngowe-1872-yiYellowstone. Elona likhulu kwihlabathi - iNxweme yaseNyakatho-Greenland National Park inendawo engaphezu kwama-950 eekhilomitha ezili-square. Kwaye eRussia enkulu ipaki kazwelonke itholakala kwingingqi yase-Irkutsk.

I-National Park yeBaikal

Le ndawo yindawo ekhuselekileyo yokubaluleka komthetho. Yadalwa ukukhusela umhlaba oyingqayizivele wolondolozo olusentshonalanga yeLake Baikal. Iquka phantse kwikota yobude balo bunxweme-malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-470. I-National Park yeBaikal yindawo ekhangelwe kakhulu kwezokhenketho kummandla. Kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala kunye neepaki zikazwelonke zommandla wase-Irkutsk, ininzi kakhulu kwiintlobo ezinqabileyo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Indawo yepaki inama-hekthare angama-400 amawaka-le yintsimi ekhuselekileyo eRussia. Iquka unxweme oluncinci - ukusuka kwi-3 kuya kwi-20 km, iPrmorsky Range, iTazheranskaya Steppe, iBasshaya yoMlambo uMlambo kwaye, ngokwengxenye , i-Olkhon Island.

Zonke izibonelelo kunye nelizwe. Iipaki zommandla wase-Irkutsk zibonakaliswe ngeentlobo eziphathekayo zezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana, ezinye zazo azifumanekanga naphi na enye, kunye neentlobo ezintle zendalo. Kodwa le ipaki yesizwe ithatha abavakhenkethi kuninzi. Kukho ii-coves Aya kunye nePaschanaya, iindawo eziphakamileyo ze-Primorsky Range, ii-steppes kunye namachibi esetyu. Kwimvelaphi ye-Angara yintlambo enkulu ebusika yaseSiberia.

Ziziphi iindawo zokugcina?

Kweminye imimandla apho kuphela iintlobo ezithile okanye izinto ezizodwa zemvelo ezikhuselweyo zibizwa ngokuthi i-zakazniki. Zithintelwe kuphela iintlobo zemisebenzi yabantu, umzekelo, ukuzingela. Ngoku e-Russia kukho iindawo zokugcina ezingama-70 ezibalulekayo, oku-2 zazo zikwindawo yase-Irkutsk. Iindawo ezinjalo ezikhuselekile zidalwe ngaphandle kwemida, kwaye i-zakaznik zokubaluleka kwendawo zingabakho kwiminyaka emininzi okanye ngaphantsi. Uninzi lwabo lusetyenziswe ukugcina iintlobo ezinqabileyo okanye ezinobungozi, kodwa zikhona nazo ezidalwe ukukhusela isityalo okanye isilwanyana esisinye.

Zomibini izibonelelo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezikummandla wase-Irkutsk zenziwe ukugcina ubunjani beLake Baikal. Ngoku kule ntsimi kukho iindawo ezimbini zokugcinwa kweefederal - iKrasny Yar kunye neTofalarsky, kunye neMagdan, Chay, Kirei, Irkutny, Boyskie marsh kunye nabanye.

Iindawo ezingcwele ezidumileyo

Ingqikithi kukho izibonelelo ezili-16 kwisiqithi sase-Irkutsk. Kulezi zi - 2 zaseburhulumenteni kunye ne-3 zendawo, i-zakaznik ezili-8 kunye neentlobo ezi-3. Phakathi kwezi, ezininzi zininzi kwaye zidumile.

• Ubungakanani be-Tofalar obubalulekayo obusisiseko bubekwe kwii-70s zekhulu lama-20. Kwakuquka imihlaba yemvelo yendawo yangaphambili ye-Sayan Reserve, umzekelo, i-Kosurgasheva Glacier.
• I-Krasny Yar iyindawo ekhuselekileyo yokubaluleka kwezemfundo, ngokusondeleyo kunokwenzeka kwi-reserve. Yakhiwe yintonga, ibhere elimnyama, i-musk deer, i-bittern, i-roe deer nezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo. Ukukhuselwa ngumgodla omnyama kunye negrey grey.
• I-Irkutniy zakaznik inommandla wama-hekta ezingama-30 kwaye idala ukukhusela indawo yokuhlala yeebhokhwe.
• Amanzi amanxweme e-Boyskie adalwa kunye noMlambo waseBhoya aze agcine indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle kunye neentaka zezilwanyana.
• I-Magdan zakaznik itholakala kwisitya somlambo iMagda no-Ilga. Kwadalwa ukukhusela izilwanyana zasendle, ukuvelisa iintlobo zeentlanzi kunye neentaka zezilwanyana.

Izikhumbuzo zendalo

Kwintsimi yesithili sase-Irkutsk kukho izinto ezininzi zendalo, zembali okanye zenkcubeko. Zivakaliswe izikhumbuzo zendalo. Kukho izinto ezili-77 apha. Kule ndawo, izikhumbuzo zendalo - indawo ye-Mir, i-glacier Sunny, iplazi yaseTyard Tale, iCape Arch, i-Shaman-stone, iDwala yaseCyachiy, amagquma karst kunye nokunye okuninzi. Uninzi lwezikhumbuzo zamanzi: i-karst spring, i-Lake Heart, i-rapins i-rapins, umthombo woMlambo we-Okuinka, iimfesane kunye nemithombo.

Izikhumbuzo zeendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyi-shaman pisanitsy, amatye aqingqiweyo kuMlambo iKhanya, iPaschanaya Bay, iKai Grove, i-petroglyphs kwimimango yamandulo, amahlathi aseTusham kunye nabanye. Kwiimpawu zemvelo zizityalo ezinqabile kakhulu: izityambo zamanzi, i-Irkutsk lily of the valley, relict spruce kunye nabanye.

Iingxelo zabakhenkethi

Iipaki zeSizwe, iindawo zokugcina kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezikummandla we-Irkutsk zenza umdla wabakhenkethi ngokubhekiselele kwi-Lake Baikal. Ubume bemifanekiso, amanzi ahlambulukileyo, umoya omtsha kunye nobukho beentlobo ezinqabileyo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana - oku kuhlehlisiwe kwimemori yabakhenkethi emva kokutyelela le ntsimi. Nangona isimo sezulu sinobuhlungu, inani elincinci leentsuku ezifudumeleyo kunye namanzi abandayo emithombo yamanzi, abatyeleli bathanda le ndawo. Jabulela ubuhle bemipopho yamanzi, jonga iziqhumane zamandulo kunye neempembelelo zentsapho yazo zonke izithandwa zendalo.