Izinga lokungcola komoya eMoscow

Inkunzi enkulu yaseRashiya yenye yezona zixeko ezinkulu kwihlabathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iqulethe zonke iingxaki zamagosa. Eyona nto ingundoqo yongcoliseko lomoya eMoscow. Ingxaki ibonakale ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo kwaye unyaka wonke ihamba kakhulu. Oku kungabangela intlekele yendalo yendalo.

Ukucoca umgangatho womoya ophezulu

Umoya wendalo wendalo ngumxube weegesi, eyona nto iyinitrogen kunye ne-oksijini. Umthamo wabo u-97-99%, ngokuxhomekeka kumhlaba kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Kananjalo ubuncinci bomoya bangela i- carbon dioxide, i- hydrogen, i-inert gases, umphunga wamanzi. Ulwakhiwo olunjalo lubhekwa njengelona lugqibeleleyo lobomi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho umjikelezo oqhubekayo wegesi kwimvelo.

Kodwa imisebenzi yabantu izisa utshintsho oluphawulekayo. Ngokomzekelo, nje kwigumbi elivaliweyo ngaphandle kwezityalo, umntu omnye kwiiyure ezimbalwa unokutshintsha ipesenti ye-oksijini, i-carbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi kuphela ngenxa yokuba uya kuba khona ukuphefumula. Khawucinge nje ukuba ukungcoliseka komoya eMoscow namhlanje, apho izigidi zabantu zihlala khona, ziqhube iinqwelo zeemoto kwaye zisebenzise amabhizinisi amashishini amakhulu?

Ukungcola okubalulekileyo

Ngokomphando, ukugxininisa emoyeni ngaphezu kwesi sixeko kuwona uphambili kwi-phenol, i-carbon dioxide kunye ne- carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, i-formaldehyde, i-nitrogen dioxide. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kwepesenti zala magesi kubandakanya ukuhla kwe-oxygen concentration. Okwangoku kungathiwa ukuba izinga lokungcola komoya eMoscow liye ludlula imigangatho evumelekileyo ngamaxesha ama-1.5-2, okuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abahlala kule ntsimi. Emva koko, abaphelelwa nje kuphela i-oksijini abayidingayo, bayayityhekisa umzimba kunye neengozi ezinobungozi kunye ne-carcinogen, ezinokugxininiseka okukhulu emoyeni waseMoscow, nakwiindawo ezidibeneyo.

Imithombo yokungcola komoya eMoscow

Kutheni kunzima ukuphefumula unyaka ngamnye kwinkunzi yaseRashiya? Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, imbangela enkulu yokungcola komoya eMoscow yimoto. Bazalise inkunzi enkulu kuyo yonke indlela enkulu yomgwaqo kunye nesitalato esincinci, kwiindlela kunye naseyards. I-83% ye-carbon oxides iyangena emoyeni ngenxa yokusebenza kweenjini zangaphakathi zomlilo.

Kwintsimi yelikhulu-mali kukho amashishini amashishini amakhulu, asebenza njengemithombo ebangela ukungcola komoya eMoscow. Nangona ininzi yabo ixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokucoca zangoku, iigesi ezinobungozi ebomini zisangena emoyeni.

Umthombo wesithathu omkhulu kunawo wonke ongcolisayo unamanzi amakhulu ezitshini zamandla kunye nezindlu zokubilisa iibhoyili, ezisebenza kwilahle kunye neoli yeoli. Bacebisa umoya we-metropolis ngenani elikhulu leemveliso ezinokutsha, ezifana ne-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide.

Izinto ezikhuthaza ukwanda kwezinto eziyingozi

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inani lamagalelo enobungozi emoyeni weRashiya ayinjalo yonke indawo. Kukho imiba emininzi ebangela ukuhlanjululwa okanye ukungcola okukhulu.

Ngokwezibalo, ngamnye umntu eMoscow kukho malunga ne-7 metres square ye-green space. Le ncinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iidolophu ezinkulu. Kwiindawo apho ukugxininiswa kweepaki kukukhulu, umoya ucocekile kunabanye kwisixeko. Ngexesha lezulu lezulu, umoya ngokwawo awuhlambulukanga, kwaye inani elikhulu legesi lihlanganiselwe phantsi, elibangela izikhalazo zendawo yabemi kwimpilo engafanelekanga. Ukunyuswa komswakama kukugcina umhlaba emhlabeni, kubangela ukungcola komoya emoyeni eMoscow. Kodwa imozulu yomsindo, ngokuchaseneyo, uyakwazi ukuyicima okwesikhashana.

Iindawo ezihlambulukanga kakhulu

Kwinqununu, imimandla yezoshishino eMzantsi naseMzantsi-mpuma zibhekwa njengemimandla engcolileyo. Ingakumbi umoya ombi eKapotny, eLublino, eMarino, eBiryulyovo. Apha kukho izityalo ezinkulu zoshishino.

Izinga eliphezulu lokungcola komoya eMoscow kunye ngqo nakwiziko. Azikho amaqumrhu amakhulu, kodwa enkulu ingxowankulu yemoto. Ukongeza, wonke umntu ukhumbula iindawo ezidumileyo zeMoscow. Kukho kubo oomatshini abavelisa i-gases eziyingozi, kuba iinjinjini azisebenzi ngokugcwele ngokupheleleyo, kunye nemveliso yeoli ayinaso ixesha lokutshisa ngokupheleleyo, ukwenza i-carbon monoxide.

I-TPP nayo yona nto inxalenye enkulu eMoscow. Batshisa amalahle kunye neoli yeoli, ukuphucula umoya kunye ne-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Ukongeza, zinika i-carcinogens eziyingozi, ezichaphazela kakhulu impilo yamaMuscovites.

Umoya ococekileyo eMoscow

Kukho imimandla ecocekileyo kwi-capital, apho izinga leenkunkuma ezinobungozi zifikelela kwisiqhelo. Kakade, iimoto kunye ne-shishini elincinci lishiya umkhondo wabo ophazamisayo apha, kodwa kuthelekiswa nemimandla yoshishino, ihlambulukile kwaye ihlambulukile. Ngokwezizwe, ezi ziindawo zasentshonalanga, ingakumbi ezo zilapha ngaphaya komgwaqo waseMoscow Ring. EYasenevo, eTeply Stan naseNyakatho Butovo, unokuphefumula ngaphandle kokwesaba. Kwindawo esenyakatho yeso sixeko kukho imimandla emininzi efanelekileyo ngokuphila ngokuqhelekileyo: iMitino, iStrogino neKrylatskoe. Kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo, ukungcola komoya eMoscow namhlanje kunokuthiwa kukufutshane. Oku kukhwankqisayo kukuba yonke imeko imeko ibuhlungu kakhulu. Kukho ukwesaba ukuba kungekudala kwisixeko akuyi kuba neendawo apho umoya uya kuba uhlambulukile okanye ungaphantsi.

Izifo

Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokuqhelekileyo kubangele ubuninzi beemvakalelo ezingathandekiyo nezifo ezingapheliyo. Ingakumbi abantwana kunye nabantu abakhulileyo bayakukhathalela oku.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba ukungcola komoya eMoscow kuye kwabangela ukuba kukho ukuhamba kwe-asthma okanye yesi-asthmatic. Abantwana banamathuba amahlanu okuba ne-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-adenoids kunye ne-polyps ye-upper tractory tract.

Ukungabikho kwe-oksijini kubangela i-oksijini yindlala yengqondo. Kungenxa yoko, iintloko zasoloko zihamba, i-migraines, ingqwalasela ephantsi . I-carbon monoxide eyingozi ibangela ukulala nokukhathala ngokubanzi. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yazo zonke, izifo zentliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-neuroses ziphuhliswa.

Ubuninzi bomhlaba uthuli emoyeni aluvumeli izihlungi zendalo kwimpumlo ukuzigcina zonke. Ingena kumaphaphu, ihlala kuyo kwaye iyanciphise umthamo wayo. Ukongezelela, uthuli lunokuquka izinto eziyingozi kakhulu, ezithi ziqokelele, zibangele izicubu zomhlaza.

Xa amaMuscovites ephuma edolophini okanye ehlathini, ahlaziyekile kwaye aguqulwe. Ngoko umzimba uphendula kwixabiso elingaqhelekanga le-oksijini engena kwigazi. Le nto ibonakalisiweyo ibonisa impembelelo yangempela yokungcola komoya eMoscow kwimpilo yabantu.

Umzabalazo wokuhlambulula umoya

Inzululwazi minyaka yonke ihlolisise iimbangela, izinto kunye namazinga okungcola komoya eMoscow. U-2014 ubonise ukuba kukho ukunyameka kokunyuka, nangona amanyathelo athatyathwa rhoqo ekunciphiseni ukungcola okungcolileyo emoyeni.

Kwimveliso kunye ne-TPP, iifayile zifakiwe ezibambe izinto eziyingozi kakhulu kumsebenzi wazo. Ukukhulula umlambo weemoto, ukutshintshana okutsha, amabhuloho kunye namanxiwa akhiwa. Ukwenza umoya uhlambuluke kakhulu, indawo zendawo eluhlaza zikhula rhoqo. Emva koko, akukho nto ityhila imimoya njengemithi. Izigwebo zolawulo nazo zamkelwa. Ngenxa yokuphulwa kolawulo lwegesi kunye nokukhululwa kwegesi ezinobungozi, bobabini abanini bemoto yabucala kunye namashishini amakhulu bayahlawulwa.

Kodwa ke iziphumo zezibikezelo zididekile. Kungekudala eMoscow, umoya ococekileyo unokuba yintsilelo, njengoko sele sele ikhona kwiidolophu ezinkulu kwihlabathi. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki kusasa, kufuneka ucinge namhlanje malunga nokuba ushiye imoto ngenjini ixesha elide ngelixa ulindele umntu emnyango.