Kronotsky Reserve kunye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngaye. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve yasekwa ngo-1934 kwi-East Far. ububanzi balo yi-avareji ye-60 km. 243 km welula elunxwemeni.

Kubafundi mhlawumbi uza kuba nomdla ukwazi apho Kronotsky reserve. Le ise-mpuma eKamchatka, woba elawulwayo kwisithili Elizovo ena Region. Kwisixeko Elizovo ukuphathwa reserve.

Ethatha ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zendalo kunye nenkangeleko yabo indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezi imimandla kwiMpuma Ekude. Inkcazelo Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve ziza kuboniswa kweli nqaku.

Okokuqala, kukho imbali encinane. Odale ezi zindawo sele iqalile kwiinkulungwane eziliqela phambi kwisabelo imo reserve esemthethweni. Long ukususela, ngokutsho okuzibonela, ekusasazeni isithethe yolondolozo lwendalo, uninzi sables, nto leyo amanani amakhulu apha yaye waphila lwabantu bendawo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ngo-1882, kukho khona Sobolinsky Reserve. Emva koko, ngo-1934, yaye yasekwa phantsi endaweni yaso Kronotsky.

Reserve namhlanje - intsimi, leyo fomu wepoligoni ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. indawo yayo ubuso malunga namawaka amathandathu. ^km2.

ukwakheka

Lo mmandla weentaba, kuphela indawo amathafa elunxwemeni. reserve Kronotsky - ummandla wendalo, kufuphi umda kumzantsi-ntshona kuzo mlilo, ezimbini kuzo yangoku (kwaye Unana Taunishits). ukwakheka kwalo etsobhileyo kunye ukuphakama kwakhona umi extinct Kronotsky (kwendawo - 3528 m), nto leyo yesibini kuphela eKamchatka iqhosha intaba. Kronotsky Reserve iye zomkhenkce ezininzi, nto leyo abahlala 14 amawaka eehektare. Abanye babo babe ubungakanani entle umxhelo, kunye nabanye - uhlobo umdla. Umzekelo, Tyushevskii glacier ubude ukuya ku-8 km. Ngogesi kunye nemithombo eshushu ibekwe kwiindawo edandathekileyo.

mlilo Uzon

Mlilo Uzon nguye nokutsala ephambili into efana Kronotsky Reserve. It wesuka yokuba namawa wawa, kusekwe isetyhula isakhelo eliphantsi. Kukho inani elikhulu amachibi ebandayo kwaye kufudumele. Eyona projekthi inkulu zezi: ingqele nefudumeleyo Fumarolnoye Central. Rocky kunye kumathambeka engaphakathi mlilo. Kunoko lwangaphandle, ezo. Zingena liyinkangala enkulu. Griffins yamandla kwi ngundoqo mlilo kunye ifanele ezaliswe ngamanzi ashushu, neebhekile ngodaka (umz, uMkroli apho yonke imizuzwana 3 "ngumngundo" ezakhiwe efana rose). oku Zonke - iziza ezizodwa bendalo Kronotsky reserve.

The Valley of Njengemigqomo

Esimaziyo ena Valley kweegiza mfihlelo kunye nobuhle. Kubangel 'umdla kukuba isandi amanzi, yaye imilambo emininzi kunye nezitshixo kunye ulwelwe ezininzi ezinemibala, umbala apho iyahluka ukusuka abamnyama ukuya-orenji kunye noluhlaza. ubuhle bayo ayiphucukanga Ingxangxasi p. Lomsindo. awe amanzi ayo ukusuka ukuphakama kuyimitha 80. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ntlambo Geyser River kukho 22 kweegiza esebenzayo. Bonke baye kumjikelo kukhona uqobo lomsebenzi kunye negama. Fountain (igama igiza) ulungile kuba batsho yonke imizuzu 17. Ke indoda enkulu, intloko ke iigiza, kwenza "imisebenzi" wakhe ukuba alinde ukuya iiyure ezintlanu. I likhulu eKamchatka i ingxilimbela. Kronotsky Reserve - indawo apho kukho ukutshabalala, iigiza tyaba, cone pink New Fountain, Fountain, kabini, neyeeperile, kwakunye kwimithombo eshushu ezifana Incopho, Malachite GROTTO kunye nabanye.

Indoda kwiNtlambo Njengemigqomo okokuqala, wabona fantastic esikhawulezileyo. Umvelele ukuba kuphela zeendondo Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Inkcazelo entilini Njengemigqomo kunzima ukudlulisela ngamagama. World ke yenzeka kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi wena kwenye iplanethi. Kukho imibala ukuba luphawulwa ngokupheleleyo namathafa Umhlaba - kwisiqalo pine eluhlaza, nenomlanga, kwakunye kwamahlamvu kwemithi - ezimfusa, abomvu, nangwevu, umbala yomhlaba nodongwe. iphunga umoya ngayo sulphur kunye umphunga ugcwele ukuya kumda. Ngeenxa zonke igwebu, hisses nezilonda! boilers ezinkulu nezincinci, mlilo ngeenyawo ngodongwe rap nomhlaba. Awukwazi ukuya inyathelo elinye off umzila - scalded. Of iintanda nemingxuma ukupheka, leyo "off" kweegiza ezincinane.

Kuyinto indima entle lweenkqubo mlilo kwi ukwanda lobushushu amadama, ezitsala hayi nje zasemanzini kunye zasemanzini ebusika, kodwa uvelise kunye neegusha bighorn. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa iigesi mlilo ityhefu wabulala inani elikhulu ezincancisayo kunye neentaka, kubemi Kronotsky Reserve. Hi xikombiso, ku Valley Ukufa baye bafumanise izilwanyana abafileyo. Zitsale scavengers ezidla ezinkulu. Noko ke, ukuze siphume kwezi zilwanyana akwenzeki.

Amadama kwi reserve

Kukho ngaphezu kwama-800 imithombo myezo. Bona besenza malunga nama-3% yendawo iyonke ekhuselweyo. Old Semyachik Ukuhamba komlambo phaya emazantsi kulo myezo. Imilambo inkulu ke Bogachevka kunye Kronotsky. ubude lokugqibela km 39. Oku lulandelayo Kronotsky Lake kwaye yenza iziqithi ezininzi oxbows. Bogachevka ubude ngayo bubalaselayo. Ubude sayo km 72 kwaye ubunzulu yi 1.2-1.5 m. Lo mfula intaba uphawu eqhelekileyo. Yena rough, inqumla efikelela kuyo kumathambeka, umhlaba ngumkhenkce ebusika.

amachibi abaninzi yolondolozo lwendalo. Zentliziyo - Kronotskoye. Kufana umphandle unxantathu isosceles.

reserve sezulu

Le ndawo fanele ku Pacific kunxweme Chukotka nemimandla lwemozulu. Senziwe phantsi kwempembelelo imozulu Pacific Ocean. lasungulwa kuchatshazelwa yi yoncedo weentaba kulo mmandla. Ihlobo kwi reserve opholileyo yaye kufumile, kunye inkungu exineneyo rhoqo yimikhwitsho, kunye nemimoya ukukhanya ezantsi. Ekwindla imozulu ngokufudumala neyomileyo elinentabalala ilanga. Noko ke, ubusika iqala ngoNovemba. Lubonakala yimimoya enamandla ebandayo, maxa wambi kufikelela amandla kwenkanyamba, ngokunjalo lipholile. Phantsi yempembelelo zekhephu iqala imozulu efudumeleyo entwasahlobo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi iintili komlambo entabeni kunye kumathambeka.

umhlaba

Umhlaba kummandla reserve wambumba phantsi kwempembelelo mlilo. Abasisigxina lobomi lomhlaba kunceda ufumane umlotha wakhe. Ngenxa kule oku kwakhona Igcwele kwezimbiwa. imihlaba anjalo permeability eliphezulu lamanzi kunye siseko evakalala, oko kukholekileyo kakhulu ukuba ukukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo.

iintlobo zezityalo kwi reserve

600 kwezityalo ezinemigca ezifumaneka reserve, kwakunye neentlobo 113 ulele. Phakathi ezinqabileyo oyinyaniso difazistrum Sitka, ulele, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi ematyeni. Xa reserve kukho iintlobo 85 bryophytes, 6 - kumila. Phakathi kwabo uyakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezifana ezinqabileyo njengoko ekhula emakriweni efumileyo Thelypteris palustris, i Valley kweegiza - spleenwort ezisikiweyo, nasemaweni Pacific unxweme - spleenwort eluhlaza, kwakunye cryptogram ebhaliweyo, zintshula kwiindawo ezilulwalwa.

Pinus pumila lakha iintshinyela endaweni ebanzi. Kwezinye iindawo kwi reserve uyakwazi ukufumana fir eziphambili ucoce Ayan. Buhlala ukuya ku-25 ubude, kwaye ubudala bayo babe neminyaka 300 ubudala. Kwakhona umdla umthunzi-wokunyamezela. fir bendawo ingafunyanwa kwi indawo emzantsi-mpuma. Kuyinto isityalo zokuhomba kunye etsobhileyo isithsaba sokuhomba.

izityalo imithi, iintyatyambo

Kwi-Reserve kwezityalo ezingamayeza afunyanwa: voskovik waziva ukuba libe livumba emnandi, kunye ploskolistnaya umba. In Goltsova ekhula zone eyaziwa ngokuba Rhodiola rosea, ekwabizwa ngokuba ingcambu segolide. Nokwayo Thunberg, kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo, ezikhula emahlathini Erman. Kukho kwakhona ngumdiliya enemithi, Bathiwe wambu isibhakabhaka-blowu kunye neentyatyambo purple. Le migxobhozo namachibi bafumana zheltotsvetkovaya marigold ezidadayo. trifoliate Goldthread ngeentyatyambo ezimhlophe kunye amagqabi aluhlaza mnyama uhlala phezu amadobo moss. iintyatyambo Bright kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumathafa ntaba, iingqalutye, amatye, imilambo amatye, amadobo afanayo kunye imigxobhozo kuma isityalo poppy. Esezansi kumathambeka ezivulekileyo cloves ezirhubuluzayo. Abaninzi apha ezityalweni reserve noHeather bemiyo ngenxa imibala yayo amatshatshazi kwiindawo zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. iintlobo 4 ntyatyambo nazo eqhelekileyo, apho imibala - kwamhlophe luhlaza. Ingafunyanwa phakathi berry blueberry kunye cranberry nomgxobhozo, cranberries ezincinane nabaqhelekileyo.

omnye kuphela iintlobo phakathi kwemithi willow ifikelele kubude-25 eemitha. Le willow Sakhalin. Imithi eseleyo - kwetyholo.

It uvelele Angelica bearish, nto leyo ayafika ukuphakama kuyimitha 2-3. Izigaba oluyityhefu ikhula ngqo emanzini.

Abameli lily luphawulwa a ubuhle okhethekileyo. Afumaneka reserve lily abamnyama nemfusa, nemfusa-abomvu namhlophe eliqaqambileyo. Apha ungenza kwakhona ukufumana izityalo zokuhombisa ubandakanyeka orchid. Umzekelo, emlanjeni eliphezulu. Geyser wafunyanwa intyatyambo ekhethekileyo. It spiranthes Chinese. Yena yokudubula spirally ecikizekileyo, ephothiweyo, kukho iintyatyambo ezincinane eqaqambileyo epinki.

Ebekelwe bucala phakathi neentlobo ezinqabileyo ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu, kukho: nompleyini ezintle zezihlangu macranthon.

Izilwanyana ezihlala kule ndawo

Kronotsky reserve zezilwanyana na zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa enasilela ngayo kwamanye ubume iintlobo eKamchatka. Oku kubangelwa kwindawo yayo. Umzekelo, izilwanyana zamasele kwi reserve zazimele nje intulo laseSiberia. Akukho ezirhubuluzayo kule ndawo.

Ezinye iintlobo zinembali umdla kakhulu elalana kwi Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Umzekelo, imithi emnyama beetle ezincinane longhorn ngengozi apha ngamaplanga. Wavela Uzon ukuthunyelwa umva ntaka fin. Le fin sisetyenziswe umdla yokupaka amafutha.

iintaka

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - indawo na amathanga 69 zaselwandle. Ngabona ngamanani Lund, nengabangaba pacific, negobo guillemot, nogwidi Berin. Kananjalo kukho afumaneka kunye namanani asezantsi kakhulu labameli ezifana glaucous-ezinamaphiko nesihuluhulu, murre okuqhelekileyo, nombala. Ingakumbi umdla lo Lund. Le ntaka omdaka ngebala, naphakathi kunye umlomo ebomvu, kakhulu atshabalalisa emacaleni. Emva amehlo zayo iintsiba amhlophe elide. Oku iindlwane intaka umdla imingxuma apho athe wemba emhlabeni ethambileyo ezincotsheni zeengxondorha. Ezingxondorheni kwakhona Ingekalili yentaka, akha belopoyasnye, Steller kaThixo ukhozi ulwandle kunye mohonogy Konyukov.

Xa Kronotsky umsantsa e Olga Bay, ekungabekwanga ngumkhenkce, kukho 1.5 amawaka iintaka. Ngamanani nakolu phakathi kwabo: Pacific scoter omnyama, ixesha-tailed idada, Eider, nentambanane-nosed scoter, idada harlequin. Abaninzi apha njengoko oonomyayi ama.

amachibi emathafeni Amathafa ahlale: Grebe ebomvu-lukhuni, loon ebomvu-umqala, pintail emantla, wigeon, Okuluhlaza, hook-nosed kurpan, scoter emnyama, ama blue-engwevu abamnyama intloko. It zakhele ngamanani amancinci dada zaselwandle, ethe waba ezinqabileyo.

iingonyama iilynx ulwandle ulwandle kunye

E Cape Kozlov ngo-1942, kwakukho ngaphezu iingonyama ulwandle iwaka, kwakunye ngaphezulu amakhulu eziliqela ukuya eNtshona Koloni. Inani yezi zilwanyana namhlanje abantu 700 kuphela. Basonta iintlobo ezinqabileyo, iingonyama ulwandle zidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia. Ngoku phantsi wokhuseleko ezizodwa.

Le otter ulwandle kubemi bomthonyama ka East ena, nemida yayo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 abemi beli uhlobo liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kwinkulungwane yama-20 wawungasekho ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku iilynx ulwandle babuyela ngokwabo kwi Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Zingaba izilwanyana malunga 120 kuphela.

seals engqongwe kunye namatywina aqhelekileyo ahlale amanzi yonxweme reserve. zidweliswe njengoko ezisengozini.

izilwanyana amakhulu Kronotsky reserve

Adle uhlala strip nasezihlanjeni unxweme. Kukho of fox yokuphanga, wolverine, ermine. E ena, ikhaya ukuya imibala eqaqambileyo kunye fox yobukhulu enkulu. On kumathafa yagodnikovyh ekupheleni ngoJulayi, lusidla weebhere. Live kwi unxweme weegusha bighorn ukuba ondle amatyholo ezikhoyo kunye nengca, feed nobulembu elunxwemeni. Inani esivulekayo eKamchatka adle ngoku kwinqanaba amanqam. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukugcina ekubuyiselweni kwalo. Ena KwiMarmot - omnye nabemi kwiinduli, ohlala phezu kwiindawo engceni elifutshane.

Iintlobo abahlala kamennoberezovikah

Common phakathi eziphilayo bahlala kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Woodpecker ezincinane nezirhwexu, greenfinch Grey ezigqunywe, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya kunye flycatcher ebomvu-breast, thrush lipholi, isithulu bluetail ebomvu-ephahlwe kunye nengabangaba, capercaillie, esimibalabala-Umbala ezintathu. Apha indlwane kumarhamncwa goshawk, umdlalo, iinkozi zolwandle. Inani elikhulu ubomi Okhotsk iqakamba.

Sable, ibhere emdaka

Ezidla umi Sable, nto leyo kuxhaswa yi voles, nesakhwatsha emhlophe, passerines ezincinane, rowan berry, blueberry kunye siksa, iinuts pine etyumke ubudoda. Sables ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukutya baqalisa ngendlala yaye ziye ekufuneni kwakhe. Maxa wambi iba yokufudukela omkhulu kule ndawo. In search izilwanyana ukutya ngoko uyaphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukuba baye ezidolophaneni, ukulahlekelwa Ngokoyika, kwaye kulo doti ifuna ukutya. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - ummandla apho lebhere ukwanda emdaka. Yena yahlukile kwezinye iintlobo yobukhulu enkulu kakhulu.

nezinye izilwanyana

Olive Iyeza uhlala emahlathini esezantsi krupnostvolnyh le ena Peninsula. reserve Kronotsky ohleli kwakhona nomvundla, awayengabemi ezintlanjeni komlambo. Bathi yokulala larch grosbeak kunye Thithu. Kukhona esimibalabala enkulu kunye shrike-Shrike. Le ndawo kuphela reserve, apho ubomi kwiproteni.

fish

Phantse bezrybny imilambo ecacileyo intsimi phambi omkhulu salmon run. Le intshukumo - indawo enhle, ngenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu intlanzi, elibomvu elangeni, ukudada emanzini ecace gca. Itsala iintaka ezifana goldeneye, idada harlequin, a mergansers elikhulu ixesha elide-nose, scaup.

Gopher kunye KwiMarmot

Gopher wethu ifikelela amanani aphezulu emazantsi mlilo. Ena marmots bahlala udaka.

Ukujoyina Koryak reserve

Kutsha nje, ngoAprili 2015, iqhotyoshelwe Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Ngoko ke, lo yokugqibela wanabisa imida. Akhiwe Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina kunye nezithili mmandla. Kuye kwaqulunqwa 1995 ukuya ukukhusela kwiisayithi yokwakha, flight kunye zasemanzini zonke eziphilayo, ibekwe kwi North ena. Imilambo imihlaba zayo ezinkulu zidala salmon. Igcinwa kummandla kovimba yenye inane ezinkulu ukhetshe Russian njengeyona, ukhuselo oluqhutywa kwinqanaba ngamazwe.