Komhlaba lwemali Kankrin

Egor Frantsevich Kankrin waba ngumlungiseleli ngemali ebudeni bolawulo Alexander I Nicholas I ukususela 1823 ukuya kunyaka 1844-th. Ngowe-1829 waba wawongwa kwisihloko count.

iimbono lwezoQoqosho ndaqonda kulo mzobo kwamanyathelo ukomeleza inkqubo yemali, nto leyo eye wenza Kankrin. Ulwabiwo lwemali, wazibamba, waba isiganeko enkulu kawonke-ezopolitiko. Komeleza inkqubo yezimali kweli lizwe.

Njengoko usazi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo iinguqulelo emali. Phakathi kwazo kukho utshintsho ukusuka kwimveliso mali omnye komnye, kunye nokutshintsha iinkozo ixabiso kunye enesiphako, kwaye ukuyilwa kwenkqubo yezimali entsha. Zonke ezi nguqu kwenza kube lula ukuphelisa esi ngezenzeko elibi kwinqanaba lemali kweli lizwe. Kuba ulondolozo lwexesha elide karhulumente kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo ezithile.

Kankrin merit kukuphucula imeko kunye nenkqubo yokunika ingxelo yezemali, intshayelelo kolawulo olungqongqo phezu kwento yenkcitho, ukuphunyezwa ngqo le nkqubo amasiko. Ngenxa imisebenzi kuMphathiswa kakhulu oluphuculweyo yemeko yezimali naseRussia njengohlobo yonke. Ukongeza, ixabiso engange uvukile. Ukwandisa izinto ingeniso Kankrin wafuna ngokuvusa irhafu, zombini ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Enye into ebalulekileyo kule meko yanikwa ukubuyiselwa BEE yokusela. Ulwabiwo lwemali Kankrin bavunyelwe ukuba bafumane mali karhulumente elungeleleneyo. UMphathiswa wazisa kunye lwamaxabiso olukhuselayo.

Ulwabiwo lwemali Kankrin ubukho kangangeminyaka emine (ukusuka th 1839 th ukuya 1843). iinguqu Financial kweli xesha babe nempembelelo kwiziganeko eRashiya kwixesha elizayo. Ulwabiwo lwemali Kankrin negalelo ekuphunyezweni njongo iphambili umlungiseleli - ekomelezeni uqoqosho zokufunda kweli lizwe, kwakunye nokuphelisa intsilelo mali.

Ukulungiselela ukuba inguqu, uMphathiswa wezeMali uye wafundela umsebenzi Speransky. Emva ezinye izilungiso, izongezelelo kunye nezimvo Kankrin yapapasha "Qaphela phezu kwegazi wemali." Entsha

NgoJulayi Manifesto yapapashwa ngo-1839, lo unyaka. Ekubeni amazwi wayo waqalisa hlengiso currency Kankrin. Ruble credit okuqinileyo uye wangena. It lifike engange esinye sesilivere. Kuye kwasekwa kwaye nomlinganiselo engamaphepha isiliva. Kwaba 3.5 1.

Uguqulo uMphathiswa wezeziMali ayithethi kuphela akuthethi utshintshiselwano engamaphepha, njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa kuphela isixa semali ngamaxesha amathathu anesiqingatha. Central ukuba zokubuyisela ukunika imali Kankrin amandla eyiyo ngokubanika olo tshintshano. Ukuze ezi njongo-mali kwasekwa, leyo zizizalise kwakhona ekuthengeni igolide nesilivere iingqekembe, bullion anqabileyo.

Kankrin nakwicandelo wemali isiliva ekhethiweyo. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, uninzi amazwe aseYurophu ngqo kwicandelo kabini. Ukongeza, isibheno yegolide ukususela kumaxesha amandulo alisetyenziswa eRashiya, kunye nemali, nangona kwakukho imigodi yegolide ngakumbi.

Inqanaba elilandelayo iinguqu zemali Kankrin yaba ukukhutshwa amakhadi ezizodwa ngetyala. Ke kokufuduselwa kwabo unyango belingana kunye iingqekembe zesiliva. Isigaba sokugqibela sohlaziyo lemali yaba Kankrin sisananelo yeenowuthsi yebhanki zonke engamaphepha. Le nkqubo yaqaliswa ngo-Septemba 1843.

Njengoko kubonisiwe, ukuguqulwa ngemali Kankrin lahlawula ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo-mali karhulumente bya kakhulu.

Ukongeza imali, uMphathiswa baqhuba abakhandi kunye nenguquko. Ezi utshintshwano ziye zanegalelo ukwanda kunye ekomelezeni ubudlelwane namanye amazwe. komhlaba Trade yayijoliswe ikukukhuthaza iintlobo zamashishini Russian. Ezi utshintshwano ziye zanda kakhulu amalungelo yabathengisi ophakathi-level ezidolophini. Ukongeza, Kankrin iphumelele ingeniso esuka kurhwebo Sasungulwa encinane.