Defence isisiFrentshi wechess: ucazululo emfutshane namakroza

wokhuselo French ebizwa enesiqingatha-evulekileyo, njengoko bt iqala lihamba E4 - E6, apho Black engahambi ngokukhawuleza ukuvula iinkampu zabo. Umsebenzi ophambili kukuba ukulungiselela lokuhlaselwa elikhuselayo D5 kwi ijika yesibini. Bt ngesi- ngoko emva kokuba iqela labadlali French iphumelele phezu abachasi eNgilani kulo mdlalo emdlalweni ngembalelwano. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuziphendulela French bafunda ngokubanzi kwaye asetyenziswe iintelekiso ezininzi abafanelekayo kakhulu.

Eyona ngozi esingundoqo abamnyama ziya bodwa indawo C8 ngubhishophu. Oku kuphakamisa le ngxaki yabo iqela: White kufuneka baphuhlise inyathelo labo nokukhusela linyanzelekile ukuba ukuzama ukuzisa alo eqinile ngayo le ngxaki.

ukhuselo French. ongakhetha

Kukho intaphane debuts ezinkulu, kwakunye amasebe awo, zihlolisiswe ngenyameko yaye liphuhlise indlela yonke iqela grandmasters phezulu chess nkolelo icala. yisa black Kuqala ukomeleza indawo F7 buthathaka, kodwa agxadazele kumgca osembindini okwexeshana. Lonke ulwalathiso lobuchule isekelwe impela sokubambisa black ukuhlasela C5 - f6 emva kokuba ifomu amhlophe ngaphambili olomeleleyo phakathi, uze emva koko uye yengcinezelo ulwakhiwo kutshatyalaliswa. Zibalulekile kakhulu ukugcina uhlaselo nomdlalo uhamba-20 zokuqala.

Option ku ngokuhlawulana

ngamanye amaxesha White ufuna ukwenza lula isikhundla okanye ukudlala draw, ngoko umdlalo ngokunjalo nangona inyathelo lokuqala ibanika indawo phambili encinci. Black inzuzo olu khetho, njengoko ubhishophu zabo C8 inika indlela ebanzi. Fumana ukuba yoloyiso iqela liya kuba nzima kunene. Kukho ezimbini bt yesebe, apho abamhlophe linyathelo elikhulu ukufumana, ukuba emnyama ayikho ngexesha kwaye aphendule ngokufanelekileyo uhlaselo g6 elephant.

system Nimzowitsch

Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo esi sisiqalo ukuba edlalwa umdlali chess Italian Dzhoakino Greko kokuba bt umzuzile igama layo ngoku ngo-1620. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII oko baqalisa ukwenza Louis Paulsen, kodwa uhlalutyo ezeleyo ngesi sithuba wenza Aron Nimtsovich. NguGrandmaster waphawula ukuba E5 move iyayiqhobosha uphuhliso ubengo ihashe kunye iqela wasebukhosini kunye inxenye anyibilikisa lonke iphiko. Nimzowitsch apha wongezelela ukuhamiswa unakho Ukuhlasela D5 E6 ukuba buthathaka ngakumbi isikhundla ukhuseleko omnyama embindini.

Noko ke, lokuqhubeka abamhlophe lokugqibela aqalise umxakatho. Oku kuvumela iintshaba ukuba alungiselele ukuziphendulela ecacileyo kuqala ekuhlaselweni. Nika kuqala kule ndawo yeqela omnye nzima. Kukho namasebe amaninzi lo bt, eyenzelwe yi iinkosi evelele wechess:

• Ivaliwe waqhubeka Nimzowitsch,
• ukhetho B. Steinitz,
• Paulsen ukuhlasela
• indawo Euwe et al.

system Tarrasch

eneneni White abafuni ukulwela kweli ziko, nto leyo ekufudukeleni knight esiya D2, kunye D4-nenkomo usele ngaphandle ngenkathalo. Esi kushenxa iphula imithetho manani, njengoko ubhishophu emhlophe leskwere esingu ezimnyama-sibanjwe ngasemva yakhe. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwindawo engundoqo ye yasendle.

Njengomhlaziyi owaziwayo German Siegbert Tarrasch wechess ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ngempumelelo wadlala luguqulelo oluphambi French yoKhuselo for White, ngoko yena okhankanywe kwisihloko ukhetho. Sebenzisa Kwiminyaka elandelayo, kwakunye idibanisa kunye Anatoly Karpov V. Korchnoi, apho asizange wina akukho umdlalo wokuqala ibonisa ukuba Black uyakwazi alinganayo indawo kwekhosi 3 ... C5! Ngenxa Karpov wadlala ihashe hayi D2, kunye C3. Esi sihlalo iye inani elikhulu amasebe.

Inkqubo L. Paulsen

Olu phuhliso akuthethi ukutshixa ubhishophu C1, a knight kwi queenside eli asakhasayo, ukwakha up uxinzelelo obaneleyo embindini ukuya abamnyama. Robert Fisher, uAleksandr Alehin kunye Vasily Smyslov wayedla wabhenela lo msebenzi ngempumelelo eziphuhliswe imifanekiso yabo. Black unezibonelelo ezimbini ezinkulu - elephant b4 okanye ihashe f6. Akubalulekanga ngaphantsi ngekhondo zophuhliso wokhuselo abamhlophe wabhenela le C5 move nenkomo.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa inkqubo Paulsen lokuqhubekeka, leyo kuthiwa "lobeko Vinovera» (1. E4 E6 2. D4 D5 3. Ukuze C3 B4). Oku kucingwa ukuba ethandwa kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. uncwadi Foreign ubalela indima enkulu kakhulu kuhlalutyo lo bt Botvinnik kunye A. Nimzowitsch - Abantu bachitha elininzi umgudu kuphuhliso nkongomiso.

Black ufuna phambili ngokubonakalayo pawns zabo iphiko ferzevnom emva ngempumelelo ukuqhagamshela knight C3 emhlophe. Ukukhuselwa iqela incipha uhlaselo kwi kingside - umsebenzi ophambili abamhlophe. Botvinnik wacinga ukuba wokhuselo French abamnyama kule ukubekwa iphambili. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuziphendulela esibukhali ngokwaneleyo, uye counterchances ezikhawulezileyo uncedo senyathelo lokuqala White, nangona ukuba inkululeko kunye nabaveleli ezimbini esebenzayo. Zisasuka kuba uhlaselo luthe kabini pawns kumgca 'c'. Black, esazi lula ukuba atshabalalise C5 ithuba ujingi - C4.

ukuziphendulela French - umdlalo semi-evulekileyo, yaye oko kufuneka abadlali isigulane abakwaziyo ukubona indlela yobulwelwe welinye iqela lakho indawo kunye nexesha counter ekhethiweyo.