Ubudlelwane Inter-yobuhlanga kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kazwelonke. Ubudlelwane Interethnic ku Russia yanamhlanje

Izazi Russian phakathi imbono ethandwayo ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi-bohlanga - iinkonzo zonxibelelwano, indlela yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu eqela elifanayo uhlanga kunye abemi babo okanye abahlali kwamanye amazwe, emele ezinye iintlanga. umongo lwabo luxhomekeke kwingxoxo yekhaya, usapho, ezopolitiko kunye neminye imiba, ekusombululeni ingxaki ngokudibeneyo. e Psychology Iingcali ukuchonga imigangatho esisiseko amabini, nto leyo zicwangciswe ubudlelwane phakathi yobuhlanga - zobuqu kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Iimeko Friendship Peoples ': kwinqanaba nemibutho

Yintoni egqibayo uhlobo unxibelelwano ngokuphathelele kulo mba? Yeyiphi kuba ngumba ophambili ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi-yobuhlanga njengobuhle, okanye, phezu koko, uya kuthwala olunokwenzeka impixano? Kuqala kwinto zonke, qaphela ukuba wonke kuxhomekeke kwizinga yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu - omnye wababini sibonile ngentla.

Okokuqala, siye sihlolisise izinto ezithile ehlangene. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kwimbonakalo malunga nayo iza kuphuhlisa njani kunxibelelwano lweentlanga ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba ngokuhlangeneyo, ixhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela usebenzisana ngokwembali. Oku kusengqiqweni: isininzi iintlanga nezizwe zehlabathi lanamhlanje kwasekwa kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, yaye ukuba uthethe inxenye yabantu - amawaka. "Young", kungekho ezibalulekileyo amava yembali yabantu zonxibelelwano interethnic abantu abambalwa xa uthelekisa, kodwa.

izinto zehlabathi

Enye into ebalulekileyo - imeko yentlalo yezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kummandla liphela ehlabathini. Kukho izandulela abonisa ukuba unobubele, ngokusekelwe kwimvelaphi yezembali, abantu "iwe" (okanye, icala, "ukwenza uxolo") ngenxa naluphi na utshintsho kwinkqubo yezopolitiko. Kwakhona idlala indima kunye nempembelelo eendaba, apho ke, musa ibonise izinto zentlalo kwezopolitiko.

abantu Friendship

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ubudlelwane interethnic kwinqanaba buqu? Kakade ke, abo ukuba sele ezidweliswe ngasentla, kwakhona ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Noko ke, ukuze yinto engeyakonto ukuba abantu uyavana omnye nomnye (okanye, icala, kufuneka yintswela) kwinqanaba ngalinye nasengqondweni. Kwakhona kule ndlela iya kubandakanya ezinye iintlanga abanye ezichaphazela izenzo ezithile zabantu kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuba, umzekelo, abameli beentlanga ezimbini ngokwemveli usilwa ziya kufumana bekwimeko enzima kunye neenzame ezidibeneyo ukuba uphume kuyo, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuhlobo abanayo, bathi, musa ayichitheki amanzi.

Indlela yokugweba ye-nkqubo kazwelonke ngempumelelo

uphuhliso zopolitiko nezentlalo noqoqosho amazwe ehlabathini, mhlawumbi kwindawo kuqala kuxhomekeke kwindlela elungeleleneyo wakha imigaqo zasekhaya. Yaye kuphela emva koko - yi umgangatho wonxibelelwano kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Kukho, Kakade ke, urhulumente apho ngxaki angafanele nto - ngenxa nje abemi phantse "monoethnic" olunye uhlanga engagqibekanga ziqukaniswe ukusebenza ubunye inkcubeko kunye nengqondo.

Kodwa Russia - kwilizwe apho kukho amakhulu ezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye ngolwimi lweenkobe, inkcubeko, kunye inqubo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba abasemagunyeni eRashiya kusoloko kungumngeni - ukuqhuba esweni okokoko umgangatho wobudlelwane phakathi kohlanga ngaphakathi elizweni, ukuba ziqaphele imiba eyingxaki nokuba ngempumelelo ukusombulula iimeko ezinzima. Kodwa yintoni na iikhrayitheriya nkqubo olwaneleyo wesizwe? Indlela yokufumana nokusombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki yobudlelwane phakathi uhlanga? Iingcali such a ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola. Cinga ngemizekelo enengqondo kakhulu kunye nengqiqo.

Ukuqinisekisa amalungelo ezopolitiko alinganayo

Nawokugqibela, kodwa ubuncinane hayi - kuzo zonke izizwe abahlala zikarhulumente. Inter-yobuhlanga kunye nobudlelwane phakathi yobuhlanga - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, inxalenye yenkqubo kwezopolitiko. Ngako oko, iintlanga inxaxheba kuyo, kufuneka ukuba izibonelelo efanayo ukuvakalisa kwizikhundla zazo, isimo sengqondo, iinkolelo. Zokulenza babe ezifanayo, kwaye kuhle - izixhobo ezifanayo ngentsebenziswano kunye nabasemagunyeni. Ukuziqhelisa, oku kube amalungelo ezopolitiko enye enokwenziwa kwi kwisiseko - ukunyula aze onyulwe. abameli okt kwabantu ezahlukeneyo Russia kufuneka babe nezixhobo zivakalise izinto zabo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekubumbeni ajenda yezopolitiko eli lizwe.

izixhobo esebenzayo le njongo inokuba kukubonelela ngamathuba kwiindawo yesizwe self-government, kwakunye ubukho iindlela lonyulo apho abantu amaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo angamelwa kumasebe yase kanye ephezulu namandla.

Smoothing ukungalingani kwezentlalo noqoqosho

Kudityaniso ubudlelwane interethnic kwi-sikhokelo welizwe kunzima, ukuba abantu ezahlukeneyo, nokuba bahlala kude enye kwenye, ukuba ezahlukeneyo kunye nengeniso saa, ukufikelela kwimfundo elungileyo, amayeza kunye nezibonelelo. Abasemagunyeni kufuneka ukwakha umfuziselo kophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe apho iindawo zesizwe abadinga inkxaso yezoqoqosho kuye, kodwa akazange ukuya kusonakalisa apho izinto zihamba kakuhle.

izixhobo Practical apha - irhafu zokulinganisa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yezemali, investment - kushishino, izibonelelo kunye nemfundo.

Ukudala umoya ukunyamezelana ofanayo

Kuyenzeka ukuba iintlanga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo sengqondo ayaba kangaka nenkcubeko, bayakuyeka ubuchule hayi kuphela incoko eyakhayo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe unxibelelwano njengoko injalo. Abakwazi ukuqonda omnye nomnye, nokuba ukuba unxibelelwano yenye Iyaqondakala loo nto ukuba ulwimi ngalunye. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, intsingiselo ngamabinzana, kodwa izenzo, imigaqo, izithethe yokuziphatha. Kodwa lo kuqonda ukunceda ukumisela kwisithathu abantu kwiziko zazo yenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezinje ngokunika ngamnye "akanangqondo" uhlobo lomzekelo ukuhlehla yokuziphatha, ukudala isimo apho ezinye iintlanga iziphene yamkelwe, àkwandikhanyela. Kufuneka uthathe indawo, xa parlance mihla, nokunyamezelana neentlobano interethnic.

izixhobo eziluncedo nokuphunyezwa kwale candelo le-nkqubo kazwelonke inokuba ukuphucula iinkqubo zemfundo, ubudlelwane eendaba, ulawulo isiganeko kwi yabucala kwinqanaba yase zotshintshiselwano ngenkcubeko.

isimo Russian

Ubungakanani inter-yobuhlanga ubudlelwane kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe eRashiya bahambelana nalaa miqathango ichazwe ngentla apha? Kwelinye icala, urhulumente unako ukwakha amaziko ayimfuneko ezibonisa nganye kwezi ndlela. Ilizwe ngalinye lineCandelo abameli balo ipalamente kazwelonke kwiBhunga Federation. Zonke uhlanga abahlala eRashiya, uye ngokulinganayo ngokupheleleyo amalungelo ezopolitiko. Ukususela inxalenye kwezoqoqosho nzima ngakumbi, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinxulumene kwintsimi enkulu njongo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulungelelanisa imeko lwentlalo zabemi kuzo zonke iingingqi. Ngaphezu koko, umahluko phakathi kwemigangatho yokuphila phakathi kwemimandla ngabanye eRashiya phantse akukho ebotshelelwe izinto zesizwe. Oku ngokuyintloko ebangela lwezibonelelo, kwakunye imozulu kunye nezibonelelo. Kumajelo eendaba, ubuncinane abo zidla kukhonjwe inani yoluntu, igcinwe nkqubo kakhulu ukumelana wokuhlela, kwakunye neenkqubo zemfundo ezisisiseko. Kwelinye icala, Russia ngaphakathi kwimida walo wokudla kunye ekubunjweni ezopolitiko yangoku - ilizwe abaselula kakhulu. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isigqibo malunga yokuba ubudlelwane phakathi yobuhlanga kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe emgceni ngokupheleleyo ukwenza ekuqaleni. Nakuba, Kakade ke, lo imiqathango esisiseko kudla, kwaye wazibiza.

Ngoku khawucinge, njani ubudlelwane interethnic eRashiya kwinqanaba amaziko zentlalo ngamnye. Masiqalise ngemfundo.

izizwe School

Ngawo onke kokuma kwinkqubo yemfundo yiSoviet kunokwenzeka, omnye zalo eziluncedo zingenakuphikwa - ubukho zokufunda iinkalo ezizezona ezibalulekileyo ngokwemigaqo ekuphuhliseni uluntu - imbali, uncwadi kunye Social Sciences. Ngelo xesha zange ebidlalwe ikhadi yesizwe. ziganeko zembali kunye nezopolitiko phantse akukho bantwana thaca ngokusebenzisa bemilo intiyo phakathi kwezizwe awayengabemi yiSoviet Union, okanye ngenxa ubuqhawe naluphi na uhlanga elinye. Konke okulungileyo lifikelele zezabelo yali, waba Bulelani ukuba kwinzame yonke yabantu Soviet.

Umfuziselo Soviet

Ezininzi iingcali namhlanje akholelwa ukuba iinkalo ezininzi Bulelani kule, wabeka phantsi isicwangciso esikolweni, abemi abadala namhlanje ngayo Russian Federation ingqalelo kokwendalo zezinye iintlanga ikakhulu ngendlela enobuntu, bekholelwa ukuba ngoku - inxenye yabantu abangatshatanga Russian. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba sifanele sibe kakhulu umbulelo into yokuba ngoku kukho kudityaniso ubudlelwane interethnic, isikolo leSoviet. Kubalulekile ukuba kuphulukana amava ezibalulekileyo ootitshala lokwandisa ukususela eSoviet Union kangangamashumi eminyaka.

Kakade ke, iimeko ngamnye apho ubudlelwane phakathi zobuhlanga esikolweni ekhatshwa anomngcipheko. Noko ke, mhlawumbi azithethi inkqubo. abantwana namhlanje, ezifana langaphambili eSoviet - kuba ubuhlobo babantu.

concept karhulumente

Ubudlelwane Interethnic eRashiya yanamhlanje nakhelwe ngurhulumente ngokwesiseko kombono esemthethweni. Cinga iimpawu zayo.

Omnye izinto zokuqala ezibalulekileyo zomthetho kule ndawo - Ndiwise kaMongameli zisayinwe ngehlobo lika 1996. Olu xwebhu sele iyarhoxiswa, kodwa ke esi senzo esemthethweni iqulathe inkqubo umdla kakhulu izimvo eziphambili kunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imigaqo ekufuneka ilandelwe yi abasemagunyeni kwi kumanqanaba yase kanye lommandla ngokuphathelele kubudlelwane ngokobuzwe. Injongo isenzo ngokomthetho ukuqinisekisa umanyano lazisiwe abantu Russia kwimeko entsha yembali.

Olu xwebhu wathi inkcubeko ubudlelwane interethnic kwilizwe lethu ekhulisa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Uninzi lwamaqela eentlanga abahlala Russia - abantu bomthonyama, abadlale indima ebalulekileyo yembali ekubunjweni sokumiswa. Igxininisa ukuba abantu Russian abadlale indima lobunye, ngokuvumela baseRashiya - Njengohlanga lubonakala ngokuba intlanganisela eyodwa umanyano kunye neyantlukwano kwamaqela eentlanga.

ebheka 90

Ummiselo ka-1996 kwaphawula eziliqela iindlela ezinokuthi, ngokutsho abasemagunyeni, uyakwazi ukuchaza ubudlelwane ngemvaba kwaye interethnic eRashiya. Nantsi ke.

Okokuqala, lo gama kukho kwisigaba thunyelo lwe (njengoko yalo ukubhala umthetho akazange aye iminyaka emininzi kangaka ukususela kumhla ngokuwa USSR), ngomhla uphuhliso uhlanga Russian ichaphazela umnqweno weentlanga ezininzi geqe.

Okwesibini, iintlanga ukuba zibe uhlanga lwethu, va imfuneko yokubamba amandla yokuvuselelwa rate olusebenzayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba izibonelelo zentlalo noqoqosho kwimimandla ayikwazi kuba efanayo.

, Ubudlelwane Okwesithathu inter-bohlanga eRashiya yanamhlanje luphawulwa into yokuba abantu belizwe lethu, sifuna ukulondoloza kunye nokuphuhlisa ezenkcubeko zabo.

Iindawo emsebenzini namhlanje

Uthini umthetho-nkqubo practical ziveza umbono namhlanje? Oko kubandakanya amanyathelo wokubambisana yonxulumano interethnic eRashiya? Endaweni ummiselo-1996 abe umongameli omtsha, ekhutshwe ngo-2012. Uninzi neengqikelelo ezingundoqo ukuba sibonile ngentla apha, ukuqinisekisile oku senzo ngokusemthethweni. Ngoko ke, izinto onokuzifumana ukwenza amandla, ekwakheni ubudlelwane phakathi kohlanga eRashiya? Nazi ezinye zicatshulwa, leyo unganikeza ingcamango eqhelekileyo amalungiselelo ecaciswe kule Ndiwise umthetho omtsha sikaMongameli kunokwenzeka.

Okokuqala, kuthathwa ngokuba uphuhliso kunye ukugxininiswa konxibelelwano yenkcubeko kwezinye izinto, bazolulela phakathi ezinye izizwe ulwazi kwabanye.

Okwesibini, urhulumente ubeka umsebenzi ukuze aqinise umsebenzi kwicala ngenkcazo kummandla iziganeko inter-yobuhlanga kwezenkcubeko nezemfundo, iihambo zokhenketho, ukhuphiswano ezemidlalo.

Okwesithathu, kwicala ebalulekileyo ukuphuculwa umsebenzi wokufundisa nabantwana nolutsha, esigxininisa ubuzwe yonyuso oluntu seengcamango.

Ubuhlobo lezizwe - isiseko sophuhliso eRashiya

Ezi kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi yentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente kunye noluntu kufuneka, njengoko mthetho Russian ukholelwa ukudala isiseko esiluqilima, ngokusekelwe apho kuya kusekelwa ekuphuhliseni uluntu, hayi kuphela izizukulwana zangoku kodwa elizayo. Le mbono, Kakade, emangalisayo. Ukusetyenziswa na kuxhomekeke nje kuphela kwi-nkqubo karhulumente, kodwa kumanyathelo zabemi ngokwabo.