Georgia and Abkhazia: ubangela ingxabano

Imfazwe, impixano, izidubedube - kuhlala kabuhlungu. Ingakumbi ukuba inkqubo ihlala kangangamashumi eminyaka. Mathupha isithwakumbe uyazi Georgia and Abkhazia - ungquzulwano phakathi kwabo ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo ibasa yesizwe kunye nobutshaba. Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze oku kwenzeke? Oku kuza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Kukho iindawo ezininzi imbono kwi ingxaki ngxabano sezizwe ezimbini abaseAfrika. Omnye wabo - ingqiqo enobulungisa, njengako apho phakathi Georgians kwaye Abkhazians akukho ngquzulwano etsolo, ezifana phakathi Armenia Azerbaijani. Ukuba ngokwembali aba bantu amabini kufuphi inkcubeko kunye Abase. intiyo Mutual yahluma kuphela emva ungquzulwano ngoko nangoko. Oku kubangelwa ngokuzenzela ngokusebenzisa ze kumajelo eendaba kunye nobugcisa yezopolitiko.

Kodwa ke kukho umbuzo. Indlela yokuchaza le ubutshaba? Akasakwazi kwenzeke kungekho esebenzisa lezopolitiko PR-technologies.

Iimpendulo zale mibuzo banike umahluko. Oku kusekelwe ubukho ungquzulwano kwiinkulungwane ubudala phakathi kwezizwe ezimbini.

prehistory

Abkhazians - abantu, kuhlale nakufuphi ngokwenkcubeko ukuya Adygei. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane 19 and 20 akukho ukuzimela, yaye ukuzimela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Ide kwenkulungwane ye-19, lo ubulawuli ebekwa phantsi kokhuselo Turkey. Kuphela ukusukela ngo 1810 i kwiAbkhaz waqalisa 'ukuhlanganisa "eRashiya.

De 1864, lo ulawulo mafa, leyo walahleka 1866. Kuthiwa abantu basekuhlaleni abazange kuyamkela ngokuzilahla. kweminyaka emibini baqalisa luqhankqalazo ubunzima kunye noqhankqalazo. Le meko mandundu imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878. Abkhazians ukhethe icala yotshaba. Oku kusengqiqweni, okt. To. I-namagqala ubudala khumbula ixesha xa lizwe ukuzimela phakathi eTurkey. Russian Empire kusonjululwa ingxaki ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ngenkani kwenye indawo ngaphandle ubukhosi.
2. uguquko Territorial.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane Abkhazia mihla yahlukana. yesithili Sukhumi ilawulwe kulawulo Russian e Tbilisi kunye Gagra nokuzingqongileyo yaba yinxalenye yephondo Sea Black.

Oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba, ngokwembali, kuba elide ungquzulwano engahlawulwanga Georgian kunye Abkhazia. 1992 yaba ekuqaleni impi kuphela, imiphumo into endingawisanga ziphelisiwe kangaka kude. Ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo draw udidi lwembono, ndifuna ukuba uqaphele ukuba phambi kokuba bangene USSR ukuzimela ayizange ngokupheleleyo inxalenye eGeorgia.

Georgia and Abkhazia: imbambano. Isizathu sokuba ngxabano

ohlaziya yolawulo Russian uBukhosi kwandule yiSoviet Union kwaye kwakhokelela ngxabano exhobileyo. Njengoko uMongameli we lizwe V. V. Putin, amaKomanisi akuzange usibekile am, kunye ibhombu atom phantsi isiseko kurhulumente, ukulaba ilizwe kungena wesizwe, kunokuba lokuzimela ndawo umgaqo federalism. Impixano phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia ngumzekelo, ngakumbi ngqo, isiqinisekiso la mazwi. Xa wahlula kummandla USSR yaba ukuzimela single ngaphakathi Georgian SSR.

Umfanekiso we "utshaba 'ezingqondweni le Abkhazians

Ndaqalisa ukuvela kwaye ingenisa ukususela 30 ekuqaleni. Imbali kwexesha wotshintsho nemfazwe yamakhaya elilandelwe ngu "Sovietization" likarhulumente ngandlela iindleko unfair kunye Abkhazia. Ekuxhaseni kwiBolsheviks nxamnye Menshevik kunye White Guard yaseGeorgia, kamva ukuba ehlonyelwe lokugqibela, kuphela eli xesha eSoviet. Umfanekiso kotshaba yayisele baqalisa ukwenza ezingqondweni abaninzi. Ngapha koko, umzabalazo phakathi ezimhlophe ibomvu apha nomthwalo umlinganiswa ngogonyamelo yendalo ngokupheleleyo uhlanga. Ubunzima, Kakade ke, bobabini Georgia and Abkhazia.

Impixano kusiliwa, ngoko ngokwesiseko kwiMfazwe Civil. Abanye waxhasa Mensheviks kunye Whites. Georgians. Abkhazians - iiBolsheviks. Kodwa emva kokuba uloyiso yepati alilungu Lenin kutshanje sikweni bazibona nendima wayengekayeki. Le ngokoyiswa kwicala yokulahleka kwixesha elizayo wamzalela iziqhamo.

Ukusukela ngo-1930 iqala nalwazelelelo yenkcubeko esemthethweni Georgians ngayo Abkhazians. Ukususela ngelo xesha, igunya Stalin kweli lizwe nangaphandle kwemibandela. Georgians baye baba "iinkosi"-wokuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo zaseCaucasus.

Iqala 'uhlaselo "kwi Abkhazia kuzo zonke iindawo:

• Eyokuqala kwezizwana ezimbini, leyo ".o" kwi status. Into nje ukuba iGunya lithe wangena Georgian SSR lubonisa isimo ngendelelo kubantu kwiAbkhaz ngabasemagunyeni. Kubonwa ebuhlungu phakathi zizifundiswa kunye badala. Georgians emehlweni abo - iintshaba. Yinto ayikho kangako ukulahleka newonga republic eyahlukileyo, kodwa enyanisweni, ukuba ngaye lowo lathathwa Abkhazia.
• Owaziswa itshathi alphabet Georgian.
• IZIKOLO yaguqulelwa ngolwimi "utshaba".
• nkqubo ezweni laqina Georgians e Abkhazia. Kuba amashumi eminyaka umlinganiselo abafudukayo yabantu lomthonyama 48 ukuya 52 Leyo phantse isiqingatha senani labemi -. BoMthonyama of Georgia, ababephila amalungelo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka yokuqala yokuqesha. amanyathelo ukwenza abantu disenfranchised ezweni labo, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba kubonakala kakubi ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlanga amabini angabamelwane.
• Media e Abkhazia usasaza kuphela ngeelwimi Russian kunye Georgian. nayo leyo eyabangela ukunganeliseki phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni, leyo iwonga isithethe nenkcubeko yalo.

Emva ulawulo Stalin ebudeni "nobudlelwane" kweli lizwe iqala. Wayizisa entabeni abantu eendaba ngolwimi lwabo, ulwimi lweenkobe esikolweni, ukunciphisa calulo.

Ngoku ke ungabuza umbuzo othi: "? Ngaba Abkhazia ungquzulwano wayekunye eGeorgia" Eli bali anike impendulo entle.

Iinzame ukuphuma GSPC

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, le Abkhazians ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama secede ukusuka Georgian SSR. amaxesha amaninzi nezazi kazwelonke wabhenela eMoscow iileta zaseburhulumenteni nabaqeshi. Eyona idumileyo yomhla nyaka 1977. yayibizwa "iLeta 130" kwimbali. Zonke kwiAbkhaz koongqondo, bonke kakuhle yaziwa kunye nabantu ohloniphekileyo ukuzimela babeka iisiginitsha zabo kulo. "Letter 130" lajongwa ngabantu nje uhlobo ngodaba uphume eGeorgia. It wacela abahlali ukuba bajoyine i ukuzimela okanye eRashiya, okanye ukwenza republic eyahlukileyo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili Stalin.

Ikomiti lommandla Abkhazian ummangalelwa abantu utyikitye ileta, ka ngodaba. Ngowe-1978, kwindibano ekhethekileyo ngalo mbandela. Zonke iinkokeli zamaKomanisi ningabagwebanga "Letter", ubiza abaququzeleli bale "bakhi". Ngoko ke, singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba Abkhazia waba ungquzulwano kunye eGeorgia. Imbali ingxabano yawo akazange aqale i "anegazi" ngo-1992, kodwa kakhulu ngaphambili.

Ngeli xesha, abasemagunyeni aqalile "ukungxengxeza" abemi:

• Isuswe oonobumba Georgian. Kunoko, waba oonobumba Cyrillic.
• Avumelekile usasazo free ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, leyo kunye yaseRussia kunye norhulumente waseGeorgia elaziwayo ukuzimela.
• nokuhlaliswa Limited of Georgians e Abkhazia, apho ngaphambili luxhaswe.

izisulu zokuqala

Ngasekupheleni nenani-80. XX leminyaka Union waqala ukuwa. Kuye kwacaca ukuba ungquzulwano lobuhlanga sele qhuma. Urhulumente baseGeorgia kwafuneka ukuba aye ngenyameko ngesisombululo mba Abkhazian. Endaweni yoko, iinkokheli Republican Party of Patiashvili kunye ezihlangwini zakhe ngo-1989 Gumbaridze waqalisa ukuba adlale ngayo isizwe, ndithemba ukugcina amandla xa kuthe kokupheliswa USSR.

Imeko langoku kangangokuba iqonga "Idgylara" egameni bonke abahlali okuzimela wabhenela Gorbachev kunye nesicelo Ukuvuma le RSFSR. Kwimeko wokucinywa kwafuneka ukuba aveze nangoko inkqubo ekhethekileyo ulawulo. Ezi mfuno Moscow ijongelwe nje.

Ukususela 15 ukuya kowe-18 Julayi 1989 ubude ukhumbule Georgia and Abkhazia: ungquzulwano kuye kwakhula ngxabano exhobileyo. Baba ngamaxhoba okuqala. abantu 12 babulawa. Wonke umntu waqonda ukuba lo nguye kuphela "uphawu yokuqala", kude ungquzulwano omkhulu wamajoni. Georgia and Abkhazia kuqale.

Ukuwa eSoviet Union: i inviolability yemida kunye nelungelo iintlanga self-determination?

Ngoko ke yintoni esibangela impixano phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia? Lo mbuzo kunzima ukuphendula kwangoko kwaye eziqhitsini. Xa "Georgia and Abkhazia: imbambano. Isizathu "Siye sahlolisisa nesizathu iingcambu zembali imbambano. Emva kokuwa ngurhulumente waseSoviet zaye zongezwa nangoku ngokusemthethweni. Noko ke, iingxaki ezinjalo ezijongene kuphela amaqela alwayo. Abaninzi ababekade abadlali republic eSoviet, lokuzimela kwaye yesizwe bazifumanisa senze ukhetho olunzima: ntoni kule meko?

nemigangatho esemthethweni iyaphikisana

• Umgaqo inviolability of kwemida Georgia ngokungqinelana neSigqibo UN.
• Ilungelo bezizwe self-determination. Njengoko umthetho yomthetho ngamazwe, zisayinwe weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ukongeza, kunye nokusekwa eSoviet Union , uLenin, nangona ukuphikisa kwisangqa ingaphakathi qela, kubandakanywa Stalin, negalelo Union iSivumelwano umgaqo iprojekthi federalism nelungelo simahla secede ukusuka republic Union. Lokuzimela weSithili kunye nabadlali sikazwelonke banelungelo enjalo.

Ukuziqhelisa, Kakade ke, oku. Oku kuphela isibhengezo encinane. Abkhazia kathathu bazama secede ukususela eGeorgia. Kodwa wala.

Kodwa! Igosa wamaKomanisi Congress akazange yaqinisekisa ilungelo labantu Abkhazia ukuba secede. E. ulawulo Phantse azimele akawuxhasi neemfuno zabemi. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo othi zokurhoxa ngokuzithandela akazange aphule de 1989.

Inkqubo izixhobo zolawulo uqatshelwe zenziwe ngendlela eya kuthintela ngokuchithwa esemthethweni ye-USSR. Nokuza ku amandla Gorbachev, lonke utshintsho kakhulu. Ngoku wavakalisa umgaqo izigqibo ngokwentando yesininzi. Nkqu intloko urhulumente waba ngumongameli elonyulwe konyulo lwesizwe, kunokuba kuNobhala Central Committee CPSU. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku iikomiti Republican Party isigqibo sokuba ukunikezela ilungelo notorious lokurhoxisa, ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka, kunye nabantu ngokubanzi. It Abkhazia waza wafuna ukuba basebenzise eli lungelo.

1992 kwaye utshintsho-siseko omtsha "endala"

Oku nje malunga-siseko ka-1925. Lowo apho uLenin "ukuxazulula" zonke republic secede ngokukhululekileyo ukusuka USSR. Ngokutsho umzekelo US, xa ithi "ezamahala" yokuqala behlelo ngokuzithandela kurhulumente kwaye lula uphume kuyo. Kumazwe zombini, eli lungelo akukho namnye wakha wayithathela ukusilela.

Kodwa ke iBhunga Ephakamileyo Abkhazia ligqibe ukukhusela eli lungelo kwaye secede ukususela eGeorgia. Ukuba ngo-1977 no-1989, oku kufana nabantu ngaphandle kwenkxaso yikomiti yengingqi, ke ngoku esemthethweni igunya elongamileyo kubo ubunye kunye uninzi abemi abaqhelekileyo wabhengeza ukurhoxiswa kwazo.

NgokoMgaqo-siseko ka-1925, Abkhazia - urhulumente elinobunganga ophezu nemigaqo voluntariness nokulingana yinxalenye ye-USSR. Kakade ke, ukusuka kwindawo ngokusemthethweni lwembono, akukho namnye waba naliphi na ilungelo kukuhlutha republic ubume balo kunye '' eguqula ukuya ukuzimela. Kodwa Okwangoku lizwe wahlala phantsi komGaqo-siseko ka-1978, nto leyo wenza isenzo esinjalo mthethweni.

Isifo yemfazwe

June 23, 1992 Ephakamileyo Authority iBhunga wabhengeza inguqu-siseko ka-1925, njengoko apho lizwe iqumrhu lomthetho oluzimeleyo. Kwinyanga kamva, Georgia wajoyina i-UN, leyo wamnika ithuba lokuba ngokusemthethweni "ukulungisa" kuba republic umda ezazikho phambi ngokuwa USSR. Ngoku, Abkhazians, ukususela kwinqanaba ngokomthetho ngamazwe, baba separatists abayisingela iziseko lomThethosisekelo. Imfazwe phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia uba engaphephekiyo.

izigaba aphikisayo

1. Of 1989-1992. - kwezopolitiko ngokusemthethweni. Omabini la macala wazama ukumkhusela umbono wakhe, usebenzisa iindlela zomthetho. Abkhazians baxoxa ukuba isenzo ungena ilizwe labo eGeorgia akukho semthethweni. NgokoMgaqo-siseko ka-1925, uRhulumente wangena eSoviet Union qho ngokulinganayo. Zibhekisa ngaphantsi kwequmrhu omnye komnye akagwetyelwa. Umzabalazo laba phakathi koluntu "Abkhazian". Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza abasuka eGeorgia wenze umsebenzi wayo. Uluntu kwamiswa hlula. "Ukuchaneka elisemthethweni" ye Abkhazia igwetyelwe na le Georgia ngokwayo, apho wazama secede ukusuka USSR, omnye kuqala. Inika isizathu kwindawo enjalo ilungelo iintlanga self-determination. Ngenxa yoko, Abkhazia unako ukusebenzisa lo mgaqo, kwaye secede ukususela eGeorgia.
2. Ngowe-1992-1994. - ngxabano exhobileyo.
3. 1994-2008 gg. - Ukuzama ukusombulula le meko ngoxolo.
4. 2008 - up to ngoku - ekunyukeni kwembambano. "Imfazwe yeentsuku ezi-5" kunye eRashiya inxaxheba kungquzulwano ngezixhobo. Declaration of ukuzimela. Kodwa akukho nto iyatshintsha. Ngoku ziye ezizimeleyo yongquzulwano ngamnye yaye Georgia Abkhazia. Ngokufutshane ngale kamva.

Georgia ngokwayo watshabalalisa-sikhokelo zolawulo, leyo sigwetyelwe ubukho kumafa kwalo Abkhazia. Ngowe-1992 wawuyeka-siseko ye-USSR ngo-1978. E. Ku elimisela umzekelo, leyo ihlukane iindawo ngokwakhe.

Ngo-Agasti 1992, Abkhazia wangena amajoni rhoqo Georgian kunye zokudubula enzima namatanki. Oko yaqala i imfazwe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukongeza amaxhoba, oko andiyizisanga kuwe ngenene nto eGeorgia. Yoluntu onamandla ukuzimela (240 amawaka. Keli.) Ngaba akukho nto ebeyinikiwe. Ukubalwa phambili zasekhaya akagwetyelwa. Ukongeza, ezi enclaves ezimbini Georgian olwalukho Gagra kunye Gantiadi leyo zipheliswe. abemi yabo agxothwe.

imiphumela

Kuhlala Kwezinye enamandla Georgian (phantse isiqingatha sabantu bebonke), nto leyo eminyaka ngcembe iye luthululelwe Abkhazia, uwusingele ngaphakathi, ngesiquphe washiya ukuzimela. Le mpi malunga nama-20 amawaka. Ukufa, nto leyo kakhulu ukuba urhulumente enjalo encinane.

Iimbacu njengeshishini

ibali ngamazwi unani ziimbacu kule minyaka. Phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, aba ngabantu kwiimbambano interstate badinga uncedo. Ezi Iimbacu Georgian abashiya Abkhazia.

Kodwa umfanekiso wasemzini: bonke abemi 240 lamawaka Georgians e Abkhazia owaphuma (kumazwe ahlukeneyo) .. Kodwa imithombo esemthethweni kubonakala ukuba nani -. Amawaka 300 meko icacisa uncedo-mali enikwa iimbacu. UN yabela $ 6 umntu ngamnye ngosuku. Imali ufumana zengcebo esemthethweni Georgia, apho inkxaso ukuba banelisekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwakukho "iimbacu", apho mali afumane imali endilisekileyo. Ngokutsho imithombo ezisemthethweni, 1 yezigidi 800 lamawaka. Dollars ngosuku uncedo UN.

Kulo kulandela ukuba imo yomthetho Abkhazia awaziwa yi eGeorgia. T. k. I-UN kufuneka kunceda iimbacu. Ngenxa yoko, efuna uncedo lwemali, Georgia liyayiqonda into yokuba aba bantu komnye geqe. Ngapha koko, i-UN akanyanzelekanga ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezimali xa kuthe ungquzulwano kwilizwe elithile.

"Yeentsuku ezi-5 imfazwe." Help Russian

Ungquzulwano yangaphakathi phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia kwakhula ngamazwe kunye Russia. Kwathi ngo-Agasti 2008. zokudubula Georgian wavula umlilo isixeko ngoxolo Ukuzimela, nangona ubukho kuzo i-Russian Federation imikhosi uxolo phantsi UN iflegi.

Esi senzo wabonwa Russian nguMongameli D. A. Medvedevym njengoko kohlanga zoxolo yabantu Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia. Ekhokelwa yi-siseko, njengoko apho urhulumente ukhusela abemi bayo kunye ukuzimela baba baninzi, umphathi omkhulu wayalela ukuba "zokukhusela" abahlali wenza isenzo "ukuthotyelwa woxolo". E Abkhazia wangena amajoni Russian rhoqo.

Amajoni abaye apho, mna ilungelo lokuba izibonelelo nxaxheba imfazwe. Abkhazia and Georgia - zizinto ezikhoyo amazwe. Ngoko ke lowo ngubani apho, na ubume amagqala emfazwe, kungekhona nxaxheba lo msebenzi antiterrorist, zozibini kummandla kweChechnya Dagestan.

Impixano phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia ngo-2008 yaphela emva kweentsuku ezi-5 ka-zimvo kwi ukuzimela zeRiphablikhi. Kakade ke, bambalwa abantu ukuqaphela oku ubume kwibakala lehlabathi.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ungquzulwano phakathi Georgia and Abkhazia ngo-2008 - i imfazwe yokuqala abaxhobileyo ngokwembono komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, apho yazinyaswa yi Russian WWII.

iziphumo

Kwi imeko ngamazwe kwakukho amazwe amabini azimeleyo - Georgia and Abkhazia. Impixano, nangona oku, alukapheli. Omabini la macala aya kusoloko baphakame balwele amalungelo abo. Ngoku Abkhazia ixhaswa yi-Russia, ezingenakulinganiswa ukwenza njalo 1992-1994. Ukuxabana, asebenzise iindlela bezozakuzo kunye noqoqosho. Kodwa ke, kubonakala ukuba uxolo eCaucasus phakathi kweentlanga ezimbini yasungulwa kuphela xa omnye liyalivuma ilungelo iintlanga self-determination. Emva kokuba ulawulo Saakashvili, Georgia uzama ukuseka ubudlelwane eMoscow. Amabango kule mimandla ezibekwe ngaphantsi. Noko ke, wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba Georgia soze ukwamkela ilahleko kula mazwe. Ungquzulwano nangoku usonjululwe.