UHelmut Schmidt: engobomi, iimbono zezopolitiko

NgoNovemba kunyaka ophelileyo, eendaba ingxelo ukufa uHelmut Schmidt, German ex-yingqonyela (ukususela ngowe-1974 ukuya th-1982). I obituary ye ngumpolitiki owaziwayo emelwe indoda wathabatha izintso kweli lizwe kweli xesha linzima kangaka kunye negalelo kakhulu kuye ukuba kwiminyaka ezayo Germany kunye lonke elaseYurophu ziye phi ubomi Umgudu.

UHelmut Schmidt - ngabezopolitiko ihlabathi owaziwayo ogama value idla phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bazi indima lwemisebenzi yayo kulwakhiwo yanamhlanje wezangaphandle.

"Character isazela yesizwe"

NgoDisemba, wayeza ukubhiyozela iminyaka 97th. Chancellor, ukwabelana nelizwe lakhe, imbali yayo post-imfazwe kunye ukuchaza imigqaliselo yophuhliso yayo elizayo. Kokuba luthathwa njengento phantse ongenakufa. Waye banentsomi ophilileyo, "yaye uphawu yesazela yesizwe", igunya ogama okunjalo.

Iintatheli ebizwa ngokuba 'Metronome, apho Germany ... umlinganiselo amanyathelo akho. "

Endleleni leyo uHelmut Schmidt - yindlela apho Chancellor iminyaka emininzi wabazungulezisa abantu German ukusuka iimpazamo ngentlawulelo kunye nempumelelo yokwenene.

amandla akhe sele kudala ingasekho. Kodwa ke amaJamani zisebenzise igesi amanani eSiberia, imarike enkulu Russian kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo - esebenzayo neengqondi yelifa lemveli, ushiye le German State Chancellor uHelmut Schmidt.

Malunga ezingxaki zangoku

Ngaxa lithile, Schmidt wayebambe izikhundla ze nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, ezoQoqosho Finance, waba yintloko waseJamani Foreign Ministry. He kubhekwa enye abapolitiki inkoliso abadumileyo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, nto leyo engazange wakhohlisa ingqiqo kwezopolitiko.

"Okwangoku, ... iYurophu busezingxakini, le meko hayi eyona ndlela '- ngoko kakhulu ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo iingxaki baseYurophu ezinxulumene mdibi block kutshanje eUkraine, kudliwano-ndlebe olwenziwe kutshanje. projekthi Ukrainian evroassotsiatsii owayesakuba yingqonyela, ngubani ebesoloko idume bluntness yayo, ebizwa ngokuba 'ububhanxa "yaye" ungumntwana neAfrika ", ogama nemiphumela Europe kunye nehlabathi kulindeleke hayi indlela engcono. Isizathu sokuba oku, wacinga Gelmut Shmidt, ukuhla kancinane kwi "umgangatho ziinkokeli zaseYurophu." Ngokuka-nkqubo, njengoko kuboniswa nguye ngexesha uncokola kutshanje kunye iintatheli, izenzo yamanje iPalamente yaseYurophu, kwakunye ihlabathi ngamnye abezopolitiko ezinxulumene nembali yakutshanje ubudlelane phakathi EU kunye Ukraine, "ekhohlo kangako." Oku ngokoluvo umntu iye yabangela ngempumelelo ilizwe bakhe imingeni emininzi, wawa kwisabelo yayo.

Thetha kwaye enze ngokuchasene ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwezopolitiko lwasentshona ngamazwe kuthintele amava singagungqi umnqwazi yakhe enkulu kuye.

UHelmut Schmidt: A Biography

Yey elizayo federal wazalwa ngo-1918 kwintsapho ootitshala German. imvelaphi yayo kudala alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini, yaye nje elishumi yakhe wesixhenxe, Gelmut Genrih Waldemar Schmidt wavuma ukuba nguye yayizalwa niyimigqakhwe yamaYuda - Igazi, yamkela esi sibini German lobuProtestanti. Ukugcina izinto ezifihlakeleyo imvelaphi yakhe yobuYuda, mhlawumbi wasindisa ubomi nolutsha lamaNazi.

Ngosuku ngokunxulumene udushe

Lo mbuzo - malunga sengqondo Chancellor kubuNazi - wavuswa ngaphezu kanye. Kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi, ngokunjalo kwi abathile baseJamani abaninzi nesizukulwana sakhe, ekhona kule sihloko.

Siyazi ukuba elivisayo Schmidt inxaxheba Hitler loLutsha kodwa ubulungu kwi Party zamaNazi wabaleka ngoxa ekhonza kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, njengoko igosa imikhosi umoya ezithethelela, ngenxa yokuba i "kwiingxelo ithemba" ukuyalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ngowe-1945 wanikezela Amanyeneyo.

Study, umgaqo

Emva kokukhululwa, yinto abaselula ongena eyunivesithi, apho wayefunda inzululwazi kwezopolitiko kunye nomthetho kwaye iqala ngaxeshanye ukuze akhokele iseli umfundi Social Democratic Party.

Isebenza kwisebe kwezoqoqosho eHamburg sixeko ukususela ekuqaleni 50 yeyona lilungu Bundestag.

Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe njengokuba ingaphakathi ungumlungiseleli Hamburg (yee-60s) yayidume ngokuba yakwazi ukoyisa iziphumo intlekele yendalo - umkhukula odumileyo ka-1962. Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko imisebenzi yohlangulo Schmidt xa ukuphamba inxaxheba umthetho umkhosi babandakanywe.

isuka

Yaba ekuqaleni ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi wakhe: Schmidt waba usekela-sihlalo SPD, ngoko ke umlungiseleli esemqoka kule urhulumente Willy Brandt kunye noogxa bakhe. Emva yokurhoxa manyundululu i-Federal Chancellery, kuquka iqela apho kwafunyaniswa kwesimo ye-German Democratic Republic, ngo-1974 Schmidt wathabatha post yakhe.

likamongameli

Xa ngaba isithuba Chancellor, wadibana nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo, Gelmut Shmidt Brandt nande impumelelo kwicandelo angaphandle nkqubo kunye noqoqosho eziphuhliswe nobuhlobo kunye eSoviet Union, eMpuma Jamani, urhwebo kunye East. Ngowe-1975, njengokuba elinye eziphambili iinkokeli wasentshona wezopolitiko inxaxheba kwiNkomfa eHelsinki kwi Ukhuseleko neNtsebenziswano.

Policy Umnikelo kwimeko Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu ayikwazi nemikhuba.

eziphikisanayo nkqubo yangaphakathi

SPD eqwengwe iiyantlukwano yembono phakathi ekhohlo nasekunene, kufuna uhlengahlengiso olukhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, kwiminyaka ezisibhozo yingqonyela ukuphatha ukugcina iqela ngamandla.

ukuhlolwa

Ngenxa izenzo abanobuchule zobunkokeli lizwe, kwi-70 Federal Republic of Germany kuphunyeziwe kumaxesha anzima kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ngempumelelo uvavanyo amanye amazwe. Chancellor uHelmut Schmidt zidityanisiwe nkqubo abangaxhalabisiyo ngokuqinileyo karhulumente ngenkxaso yenkitha kakubi ezikhuselweyo: kule minyaka kolawulo lwakhe wandisa umthamo ipension, izibonelelo zoluntu, ngaphandle iinkuthazo eziyimfuneko.

"Autumn isiJamani"

Kule 70s Schmidt kwafuneka ukuba athathe izisombululo kakhulu yangaphakathi yezopolitiko: levoekstremistskaya enomfutho iqela abagrogrisi RAF ( "Red Army neyelenqe") kweli lizwe, onoxanduva ookubulala kweshumi ngaphezu ezintathu ukuphakama-profile, ukuxhwilwa, ukuhlasela, inkuzi.

Ngowe-1977, abanqolobi bazama ukuqweqwedisa inqwelo-moya. I-Chancellor akazange ukuzalisekisa iimfuno ethunyelwe kubo. Ndithe ndabandulula imikhosi ezizodwa kuhla inqanawa akhululwe.

imikhosi ezithile epalamente wafuna ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko ekulweni abagrogrisi cancel eminye imithetho lwentando yesininzi.

Schmidt asabela njenge wentando oyinyaniso: "Asizi ukuba intlangulo umbingelelo yokhuseleko." Siqine, intloko obuqinileyo sengqondo karhulumente ukuya oofunz wongezelela ndwa yakhe, kunye nabantu yaseJamani wabuyela ukuzithemba.

ukuba ehle

Xa iimpendulo 80 Schmidt inkxaso injongo NATO ukuba kuzomeleza iingalo bobuhlanga eSoviet Union wabeka imijukujelwa kwi kummandla Federal Republic of iJamani "Pershing". Ukuzimisela kwakhe amazwe nkqubo kwakunye lwenziwe ukuncitshiswa iinkcitho mali kukhokelele kwinto yokuba i-Tshansela Amanyeneyo wajika waza wanikwa nengqiniseko. Nakule yonke Germany Schmidt - kuphela Chancellor, owathatha umhlala-kungekhona ngenxa ukoyiswa kolu lonyulo, kodwa ngenxa yokuphulukana namahlakani.

"Die Zeit"

Umhlala uHelmut Schmidt waba yimbangi iincwadi eziliqela malunga neminyaka yobomi bakhe, yaye ngalo mgaqo-nkqubo, waba nomnye waba baququzeleli-umhleli we phephancwadi isiJamani "Die Zeit", waseka amaqumrhu eziliqela ngamazwe kwezopolitiko economics. Yena ukumenywa kumajelo eendaba, wayezizuzisa uluntu iimbono German owayesakuba Chancellor kumqolo obanzi lwemiba.

umbuzo Ukrainian

Ngokubhekiselele-nkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe, lo owayesakuba yingqonyela waqhubeka ukukhusela indawo ngumlandeli yayo noninterference kwimicimbi amazwe azimeleyo.

Kude kube kamva nje, Schmidt waqhubeka ukubambelela kumgaqo ukuba baveze izimvo zabo ngqo gadalala, ngaphandle kokujonga kungenzeka kukwenzakala.

Ngo-2014, ngokunxulumene iziganeko ezaziwayo-kakuhle Ukraine yangaphambili Chancellor oneminyaka eli-95 ubudala abhenela iinkokheli zopolitiko yaseYurophu ukuba aphinde iimpazamo ezibuhlungu zangaphambili, ibhekisela iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini ezidlulileyo, kwaye wenze iinzame ezibambeneyo ukuba kude yingozi iimpawu zomhlaba .

Imigaqo-nkqubo mercilessly wagxeka izenzo i-EU kunye US neenkokheli kwi Ukraine, kunye Brussels lichaze kwezopolitiko "megalomania". Kudliwano-ndlebe kunye kwiphephandaba German Schmidt wagxininisa ukuba lwabasunguli ikhosi kwi uhlanganiso Ukrainian yaseYurophu Nongawuthabathiyo ingqalelo umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zexabiso inkcubeko kunye nembali entshona nasempuma kwe-lizwe.

NgoJuni 2014, wenza isigqibo ipolisi ukumema ukugxekwa summit eBavaria, apho yazinyaswa ziinkokeli kunye nabaphathiswa wezangaphandle waseJamani, kwakunye aliqela kumazwe aseYurophu, Russian uMongameli Vladimir Putin.

Ukwayo oluchasene yezopolitiko Russian ekuthiwa abaziziyatha waza wathi uyayiqonda izenzo eRashiya eCrimea.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kakubi kuhlolwa iziphumo iintlanganiso zazinyaswa ziinkokeli kunye nabaphathiswa basemzini eJamani, kwakunye kumazwe aseYurophu, isijwili izwe lakhe phakathi kwamanye amazwe EU kunye eUnited States waba ngomnye nxaxheba kuchasene nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Loo yaphula German ex-yingqonyela wayekholelwa injongo 'ukuba ukwandisa EU ngeendleko Ukraine "kunye namanye amazwe lalisakuba yiSoviet, umnqweno ukwahlula ico.

Ngexesha intetho show kwenye imiphantsi uHelmut Schmidt iye yabeka ugxininiso kubudlelwane zezopolitiko phakathi European Union kunye Russian Federation. Ngokubona kwakhe, "isoyikiso esithile ayikho Russia ehlabathini, kunye eUnited States."

Xa phakathi ntlekele Ukrainian, sezopolitiko owaziwayo waseJamani exhaswa yi yintloko Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, aze ke utyelelo ngobubele eMoscow.

labucala

Schmidt ebesoloko ebathandile art, ngepiyano edlalwa kakuhle kwaye umbutho, njengoko oko kungqinwa iirekhodi Abasindileyo eekonsathi zakhe engahlawulwayo. Unomdla ifilosofi peyinta, ukwaluphala waqhubeka ngempumelelo ukupeyinta.

UHelmut Schmidt: Family

Apha ke kwikhusi: Schmidt kunye nomfazi wakhe uHannelore - Loki njengoko ubomi kubhaliwe ngothando ngokuthi, abahlobo nje kuphela, kodwa kubo bonke amaJamani. Umntu ababini abakhulileyo kakhulu, nganye umdiza esandleni sakhe - yena udondolo kunye yokuncedisa ukuva, oko isixhobo ekhethekileyo abantu basetyhini. Apha ahlale uze ubambe ngezandla. Kunzima ukuba bayihloniphe kubo ubudala umtshato ngokukhawuleza kunye zibhuqe.

Bona babe ngabahlobo ukususela esikolweni. Zendela ngo-1942. Siye sazibonela kunye kakhulu, kubandakanywa imfazwe kunye nokufa meningitis 45 umntwana wabo wokuqala.

Loki Independent kwaye Esiqinileyo umntwana ukukhusela amancinci kunye bamabutho uHelmut. Emva koko ndenza ukuziphilisa, uchitelstvuya, yakubon 'ukuba indoda yakhe eyunivesithi yaye benza umsebenzi, ilungelo phezulu ukuya 74th, xa athe wathabatha isithuba iNgqonyela. Ngoku kuye ukukhusela nokulondoloza oogxa nomyeni wakhe ngenxa yakhe ezibukhali categorical, liye labizwa ngokuthi "Sisters of namalizo".

Ntombi Suzanne, intatheli ohlala kwaye osebenza eLondon.

Loki akazange aphile ukuya kwiminyaka eli-70 sitshatile, wafa eneminyaka engama-91 ubudala.

Ngowe-'93 uHelmut Schmidt wazibandakanya ligosa likarhulumente kunye URute Loah (ongaphantsi kweminyaka 14).

ukuqaphela

Ngaye ukubhala iincwadi kunye namanqaku, ukudala documentary film. Ngaphezu kanye oko wakhethwa indoda nyaka, isikhumbuzo 95 ka Westphalian Peace Prize sinikezelwe.

Schmidt ubomi lonke ndiyingedle yecuba. E eJamani, apho umthetho olawula ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke akuvumelekanga, abantu abadala kulo lonke owayesakuba yingqonyela wenza umnyinyiva: Schmidt wavumela ukuba kutshaya nkqu xa kusasazwa ngqo iinkqubo zikamabonwakude. Neentatheli ziye ucele ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngeengozi zokutshaya, kwi sezopolitiko wala ukuba kakhulu emva kwexesha sikhathazeke ngayo. Enye phambili wamcela ukuba batshintshele imidiza elektroniki. Schmidt wathi: "Kutheni na ukuba ndenze ntoni into osisiyatha?"

Ukuba isiphukuphuku kulo lonke ubomi obude kunye nomsebenzi kwezopolitiko, uye baphumelela ukuphepha.