Iimigaqo zolawulo oluseburhulumenteni eRussian Federation

Ifom karhulumente, njengentando yesininzi, iRussian Federation inxanela, ayikwazi ukuhlonipha amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko, ngaphandle kokuhlukana kwamagunya, inkululeko yokuthetha kunye neminye imithetho emininzi yomthetho.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-federalalism kwaye yintoni imigaqo yayo eyintloko kunye nebhajethi. I-Federalism yinkqubo enye kwilizwe elilodwa, lihlukaniswe libe yi-oblasts, ekuyingxenye ligcine ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko kunye nezinye iindawo zoluntu. Ngamanye amagama, urhulumente ngamnye ophantsi kwesiqumrhu sesigqeba unelungelo lokuchitshiyelwa komthetho wendawo, kunye nokunikezela ngemali yebhajethi.

Ukuphuhliswa kwemibutho yaseRashiya inomzila omude kwaye unameva. Ngokuqaliswa koMgaqo-siseko owamukelwe kwivoti ephakamileyo ngo-1993, iRashiya yafumana imeko yombutho. Isiqendu 5, inxalenye yesi-3 yoMgaqo-siseko we-Russian Federation imisela imigaqo-siseko ye-federalalism. Ngoko, imigaqo-siseko ye-federalalism yile:

• Okokuqala, inxalenye nganye yombutho (insimu, i-autonomous okrug, oblast, ummandla ozimelayo, isixeko sobaluleka) . IRiphabhliki inomgaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho wendawo.
• Okwesibini, kukho ukwahlukana kwezifundo zokubambisana phakathi kwamalungu eenqununu zommandla we-federation kunye namagunya karhulumente.
• Okwesithathu, naphezu kobukhulu bomhlaba, zonke izifundo zaseRussian Federation zilinganayo, amalungelo alinganayo kunye noqoqosho olufanayo, ezopolitiko, nezentlalo.
• Okwesine, uMgaqo-siseko usungula umgaqo wokubambisana, othi bonke abantu abahlala kwintsimi yaseRashiya balingana kwaye banelungelo lokuzimela (oko kukuthi, ilungelo lokukhetha isimo sabo sezopolitiko kummandla, kwenkcubeko, kwinkqubo yentlalo yoluntu, ukutshintsha uhlobo lomhlaba Nabanye).
• Okwesibini, nangona ulwahlulo lweendawo zokubambisana phakathi kwamagunya karhulumente kunye nezikolo zezifundo, kukho inkqubo enye, inkqubo ebumbeneyo yorhulumente kwimimandla karhulumente.

Enyanisweni, imimiselo yolawulo lwentlangano, echazwe kwiSiqendu 5 somGaqo-siseko weRussian Federation, kuyimfuneko ekudalweni kwintando yesininzi. Kodwa ukuba sihlalutya inyaniso yeRashiya yangoku kunye nabantu abanabantu abaninzi kunye nensima enkulu, imigaqo yolawulo lwentlangano ivula inani elikhulu leengxaki ezifuna ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza (ezi zibonelelo ezilinganayo kwizifundo zeRussia Federation ukuxhasa uqoqosho, kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abemi kwilizwe, njl.

UMgaqo-siseko weRussia Federation ubeka kwakhona imigaqo ephambili yokubambisana kwezemali-mali (ubugcisa 73). Imigaqo yenkxaso-mali yemali ithetha ukuba i-unit unit ye-federation inokuzimela kwizinto zemali-mali. Kodwa umsebenzi wezohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni baseRashiya akufanele bahlukane kwimigaqo yokuphunyezwa komgaqo- nkqubo webhajethi womanyano, iinjongo, imisebenzi kunye nezifundo zokuphuhliswa koqoqosho lwentlangano ngokupheleleyo, ukuphunyezwa okufuneka kuvela kwi-budget yemali.

Umgaqo-siseko wokubambisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwiRashiya yeRussia kukuba kulo lonke urhulumente kukho irhafu yerhafu kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ubumbano okanye ingqibelelo yenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kukuba, okokuqala, kukho inkqubo enye yemali kwi-federation, kwaye, okwesibini, izigwebo ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa ukuphulwa komthetho ophathelene nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaseRashiya. Umgaqo wesibini wokubambisana kwezebhajethi kukuzimelela kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngamanye amazwi, iiyunithi zomhlaba zinelungelo, ngaphakathi kobunzima, ukuphumeza inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali , ukulungiswa komthetho kunye nokuvelisa izicwangciso zokuchitha imali kunye nokufumana iimali. Umgaqo wesithathu kukulingana kwamalungelo ebhajethi.