Kwakukho republic ezininzi USSR? 15 republic babesakuba USSR

ESoviet Union yamiselwa ngomhla emanxuweni yoBukhosi yangaphambili Russian. Wayengomnye kwamaziko amabini amandla kunye nefuthe lonke kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukuba Union aphatha lahluleka isigqibo ngamaNazi eJamani, kwaye ukuwa kwaso sesona siganeko kakhulu kwinkulungwane edlulileyo enesiqingatha. Yintoni republic yangaphambili eSoviet Union, siya ukuqonda kwinqaku elilandelayo.

Iingxaki yesizwe karhulumente kwi olwandulela ukuvela yiSoviet Union

Kwakukho republic ezininzi USSR? Lo mbuzo anganika iimpendulo ezahlukileyo, ngokuba lokuqala lokusekwa likarhulumente yenani yabo ayiyi kuhlala injalo. Ukuze ufunde le ukuqonda, makhe sibheke imbali. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Civil, ummandla karhulumente yethu uluhlu kunokuba zinaso lwezigqeba kazwelonke ezahlukeneyo. isimo sabo lasemthethweni ngokufuthi axhomekeke imeko zomkhosi nezopolitiko, amandla kumaziko karhulumente wengingqi, kunye nezinye izinto. Nakuba kunjalo, njengoko lo impembelelo namandla kwiBolsheviks umbuzo uba enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ukuba urhulumente kunye norhulumente. Kwesikhokelo CPSU (b) akazange yadityaniswa uluvo isakhiwo lwelizwe lwexesha elizayo. Uninzi lwamalungu beqela bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka kwakhiwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo ecalanye, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo icandelo wesizwe, namanye amalungu wavakalisa isilumkiso kazwelonke self-determination njengenxalenye lizwe. Kodwa igama lokugqibela Kwakungenxa VI ULenin.

byi nzima ezinzulwini CPSU (b)

Owayesakuba republic eSoviet Union, ngokutsho Lenin, kufuneka ukuzimela ethile, kodwa ingqalelo le ngxaki intsonkothile ngokwaneleyo, wabona imfuneko yokuba uhlalutyo okhethekileyo. Lo mbuzo unikwe kwiKomiti Central eyaziwayo kwi-National Umbuzo IV Stalin. Wakhuthaza mxhasi engaguquki ukuzimela zonke republic ngurhulumente omtsha. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil kwi kwintsimi RSFSR Waloyisa umgaqo federalism, Noko ke, ubuhlobo esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi ezizimeleyo ilawulwa ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezizodwa. Enye ingxaki enkulu yaba abavakalelwa wesizwe ukusuka ngamaKomanisi emhlabeni noko amandla. Konke oku iimpikiswano ezinzima kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukuyilwa ngurhulumente omtsha.

Qala lomsebenzi ukudaleka bengatshatanga

Ngu ekuqaleni kuka 1922 intsimi ngokuxhomekeke Amaqumrhu, kwakukho malunga 185 ngabantu. Ukuba bahambe nabo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo yonke into, nkqu bokuqonda zincinane, kodwa inkqubo nokudalwa eSoviet Union akazange kuphela sigqibo phezulu, oko kuye kwaxhaswa yi uninzi yenkitha ezithandwayo. imfundo Soviet waba amazwe kunye sizathu - imfuneko limanyane ubuso ithi kubonakala ezikhohlakeleyo. Ukuphuhlisa imigaqo lombutho uthumo olukhethekileyo wadala Central yiKomiti yesiGqeba lwelizwe lwexesha elizayo. Ezinzulwini esi sakhiwo kokuba kuye kwagqitywa ukuba umzekelo ubukho RSFSR yeyona efikelelekayo ukhetho wokusungula urhulumente omtsha. Noko ke, le mbono wahlangatyezwa kunye namalungu inkcaso ekomiti yeengingqi yesizwe. Stalin kwaba abathanda kancinane wokugxekwa isikhundla sakhe. Zama le ndlela, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwi-South neAsia. Le ndawo efunekayo ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ukuba kwakukuninzi nto ephikisanayo yesizwe. Ngokukodwa, Georgia ixesha elifutshane ukuzimela likwazile ukwakha uqoqosho kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphandle ngempumelelo. NeArmenia Azerbaijan ukuba baphathane kunye elikrokra efanayo.

Ukungaboni kukaStalin kunye uLenin zokusekwa kwe-USSR

Le ulingelo yaphela kunye nokudalwa Transcaucasian Soviet eManyeneyo Socialist Republic njengenxalenye eArmenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Ngale ndlela, kwafuneka ukuba bangene zibe kwimeko entsha. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1922 ikhomishini eMoscow kwasekwa ukuphumeza kuyenzeka. Ngokutsho icebo "autonomization" IV Stalin zonke iinxalenye Union uya kuba Inkululeko elilinganiselweyo. Kweli nqanaba, uLenin wangenelela, wazikhaba icebo Stalin kaThixo. Ngokutsho kwakhe ingcamango nakwiiriphabliki yangaphambili waseUSSR, kufuneka simanyene ngokusekelwe kwezivumelwano womanyano. Kolu guqulelo lwe le projekthi exhaswa sisininzi samalungu plenum ye-Central Committee CPSU (b). Noko ke, Georgia akazange afune ukungena kwimfundo entsha kawonke njengenxalenye Transcaucasian Federation. Yena baphikelela kwenziwe isivumelwano eyahlukileyo kunye Union, i TSFSR. Kodwa phantsi koxinzelelo ukusuka embindini Georgian amaKomanisi kwanyanzeleka ukuba uvume kwisicwangciso sokuqala.

Imfundo Union of Soviet Socialist

NgoDisemba 1922, i-Congress of iSoviet wabhengezwa ukusekwa kweManyano Soviet Socialist le RSFSR, i-Ukraine, Byelorussia kunye Transcaucasian Federation. Yiloo republic ezininzi kangakanani eSoviet Union ngexesha ukwenzeka kwayo. Ngokwesiseko iSivumelwano owamiswayo ukuba indalo le manyano omtsha karhulumente njengoko ngomanyano geqe kunye nelungelo ngokupheleleyo ukuphuma ekungeneni simahla nokubunjwa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho akazange okunene ukuphuma inkqubo zicaciswa gca nangayiphi na indlela ngokusemthethweni ukuba ngokufanelekileyo kunzima kakhulu. Le ukuqhushumba, otyelwe emazantsi zikarhulumente, kunye nawo onke amandla wabonisa ngokwayo ngexesha ukuwa yiSoviet, ngenxa yokuba kule minyaka-90 kweli lizwe, aba yinxalenye Union, abakwazanga ngokusemthethweni kunye neziseko oluphucukileyo ukurhoxa ubulungu balo, nto leyo ebangele ukuba iziganeko igazi . angaphandle, urhwebo, ezemali, ukuzithethelela, iindlela kunye nonxibelelwano lanikelwa abasemagunyeni engundoqo ye-USSR.

Ulwandiso olunabileyo kwilizwe Amaqumrhu

Inyathelo elilandelayo lokusekwa urhulumente uye kwahlukanisa kazwelonke yolawulo e-Central Asia. indawo yayo inoluhlu Turkestan Republic omkhulu, kwakunye kwintsimi ezimbini ezincinci - eBukhara kunye Khorezm nasemazweni. Ngenxa ingxoxo eninzi iKomiti Central kwasekwa Uzbek kunye Turkmen Soviet nasemazweni. USSR ukususela ngoko wakhetha Tajik republic yokuqala, yinxalenye yommandla yanikwa kolawulo Kazakhstan, owaba republic womanyano. Kirghiz wasungula yalilizwe elizimeleyo ngaphakathi RSFSR, kodwa ekupheleni eko zenkulungwane esidlulileyo similise okwaloo Federal Republic. Yaye ummandla i-Ukrainian SSR sele inikezelwe kwi-Federal Republic of Moldova. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni yesibini ezilishumi data kwinkulungwane yokugqibela malunga nendlela republic abaninzi eSoviet Union itshintshe kakhulu.

Kule banesifo, kananjalo kwabakho utshintsho kumaziko Union. Ekubeni Transcaucasian Federation ifomu ekuqaleni non-iphila, kuMgaqo-siseko omtsha waseUSSR, ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngowe-1936 ukuba aye ohlulwa, kunye Georgia, Armenia kunye Azerbaijan, iziko waqukumbela izivumelwano, wafumana iwonga ziiriphabliki komdibaniso USSR.

Baltic States kwi USSR

Inqanaba elilandelayo ukusekwa kweManyano bobabo ekupheleni banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Emva koko, ngenxa yokuba imeko enzima nkqubo ilizwe lethu angaphandle kwafuneka ukuba aye kwisivumelwano kunye eJamani, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba silwe umgaqo eYurophu. ngoko Western Ukraine kunye Belarus aba yinxalenye Poland ukukudibanisa ezinembali uhlanga elinye kunye nokwenziwa imida zabo asentshona, phakathi USSR kunye iJamani basayina isivumelwano "Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact" ngomthetho olandelwayo mfihlakalo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, phantsi kwempembelelo kwilizwe lethu wemka kummandla eMpuma Yurophu. Ngenxa ijikele kakhulu isigqibo kwiBaltic ithi yolawulo ukuba ziye zaziswa yi-Red Ibutho kummandla Latvia, Lithuania kunye Estonia urhulumente osemthethweni esaba. Endaweni baqala ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yezopolitiko elandela umzekelo eSoviet Union. Le Republic wanikwa iwonga le manyano. Kwaye kwaba lula ukubala kwakhona, ukuba republic abaninzi eSoviet Union nje ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe ne eJamani.

Ukuwa eSoviet Union

Zingaphi yangaphambili republic eSoviet Union kanye phambi kokuwa? Ekupheleni kwale yee- eSoviet Union zaziquka:

• RSFSR;
• Ukrainian imthetho;
• Byelorussian imthetho;
• Moldavian imthetho;
• Kazakh imthetho ;
• Turkmen imthetho;
• Tajik imthetho;
• Uzbek imthetho;
• Zulu imthetho ;
• Lithuanian imthetho;
• Latvian imthetho;
• Imthetho Estonian;
• Georgian imthetho;
• Armenian imthetho;
• Azerbaijani imthetho.

Le ntlekele kwezoqoqosho kunye ukuphikisana zesizwe kunye nobunkokeli ababuthathaka kwakhokelela ekuweni karhulumente eSoviet. 15 republic yangaphambili waseUSSR, ezifunyenwe ngethuba kwezi ziganeko, a ulongamo ngokupheleleyo kazwelonke bazakhela yimeko yabo.