History of Sergiev Posad (ngokufutshane). Sergiev Posad: imbali mzi, ukuba abantwana

Abafundi asoloko enomdla elidluleyo lokuphila kwethu izixeko zamandulo Russian. Akukho Okungumahluko ibali Sergiev Posad. Ngokufutshane akukho lula Kwathi, ngenxa yokuba lo indawo kukho phantse 7 iinkulungwane, ngexesha apho amazwe lwenzeka ezininzi iziganeko umdla. Past Sergiev Posad kuhlangene kokuba ngezizathu kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra - i Russian Orthodox weemonki inkulu, ukuze ubone ezitsala abakhenkethi kunye abathembekileyo kumazwe amaninzi. Ibekwe ngaphakathi Golden Ring, isixeko itsala abatyeleli ezintle emaphandleni zesikhumbuzo ezizodwa lwezakhiwo yamandulo, iimyuziyam umdla bangenise kubemi.

kusekelwa woonongendi

Sergiev Posad Imbali busuka emva 1347 Ke ngoko Radonezh ehlathini phezu kwentaba ehlathini kufuphi nomlambo abazalwana Makovec Konchury Bartholomew kunye uStefano wakha iseli emishini ecaweni encinane egameni kaBathathu Emnye. Injongo kuphela abaphila ubomi bakhe bakholwa inkonzo kaThixo, yaye kwindawo eyintlango kufuphi eMoscow ayikwazanga kangcono kulo. Kodwa kungekudala udiniwe uStefano zamahlathi nasekusweleni isigxina emishini. Ukushiya umzalwana wakhe, wafudukela eMoscow Monastery of the Epiphany. Bartholomew waba indela phantsi igama St. uSergiyo wahlala kwiseli yedwa yakhe. Ngoko ke likhona bodwa kangangeminyaka eliqela.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Sergei baqalisa ukuza ukuhlalisa iimonki ungabikho emazweni ezikufuphi. Afumana ibandla yakhelwe ijikeleze oyiNgcwele Emnye Monastery, leyo yi bembonakalo yayo yayifana hlwele uluntu olubiyele ngamaplanga idolophu encinane. Sergiy Radonezhsky vala monki uthathe izinikezelo ezivela abasemzini, waza wayalela ukuba baziphilisa emigudwini yabo. Ngoko ke isigodlo ngokuthe yaba liziko owayesisityebi kwimveliso unokwakhela. Around naye waqala ukwakha amakhaya abo nabalimi kunye wezandla zabantu. Ukusuka kwezi zokuhlala ngcembe kwasekwa zokuhlala. Befundisi kwakhona axhasa ngabafo Russian, wamnika amalungelo ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungelo wobukhosi.

Indima woonongendi kwi uloyiso Kulikovo

Imbali kwedolophu Sergiev Posad kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo igama Grand Duke nguDmitry Donskoy, owabahlangulayo emazweni Russian ukusuka Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Ukuba uyakholwa yemihla, ngo-1380, ngomhla olwandulela kwe Idabi Kulikovo, umlawuli mazwe Russian kunye neqela weza woonongendi ukuze intsikelelo ka-St uSergiyo.

UMfundisi Bawo nje kuphela ngokomoya amajoni, kodwa wabanika ukunceda neemonki zakhe ezimbini (Aleksandra Peresveta kunye Rodiona Oslyabyu) ngubani na ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo izixhobo. Emva kokufumana inkxaso evela uSergiyo, nguDmitry Donskoy kunye neqembu yakhe baya Kulikovo Field ukuze ndilwe iingalo Golden mkhosi. Ngokutsho iintsomi zamandulo, iimonki nesibindi Relight Oslabya lalwa utshaba, bambulala ngekrele. Kodwa ekugqibeleni squad likwazile ukubetha nguDmitry Donskoy nangezinto olu loyiso kwaphawula ukuqala inkululeko weRashiya ukusuka kwiminyaka engcinezelo.

Ukufa umsunguli lomzi

UMfundisi uyise wafa ngo-1392 waza wangcwatywa woonongendi yasekwa nguye. Imbali izele Sergiev Posad. Ngokuba abantwana ibali lobomi lomzi iza kukhangeleka ngathi umlingo ukuba ukubaxelela kutheni igama seal enkulu, umseki wayo, wayesaziwa kude ngaphaya indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Phakathi kwabantu waba eyaziwa njengomsebenzi omkhulu ummangaliso, ulilungisa, ukuba yavulwa nje abalimi elula mzuzu zinzima, kodwa nabakhulu. kweminyaka engama-30 emva kokufa uSergiyo lamiselwa. Imbeko kwesi siganeko phezu kwendawo ingcwaba lakhe kungekabekwa litye Emnye Cathedral, zakhiwe ngeendleko unyana ka nguDmitry Donskoy Prince George.

Ukutshatyalaliswa woonongendi

Imbali kwedolophu Sergiev Posad amakhasi zalo ezibuhlungu. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngenxa Idabi Kulikov nabaphumi-Golden anayo kwaye kwasetyenzwa a elihlazo, ukuba maxa wambi bahlasela ilizwe Russian. Ngo-1408 i-AmaTatar waqalisa ukuya phambili kwi eMoscow. Xa engena ngendlela amangalisayo Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery, Yedigei Khan wayalela umkhosi wakhe ukuba aliyi kuyo. izakhiwo zenkolo Wooden itshiswe emhlabeni, wayaphula.

Imvuselelo nokuchuma

Nangona ukuhlasela ezigqugqisileyo AmaTatar, akayekanga khona, woonongendi kwisiza apho kamva ukusekwa Sergiev Posad. Ibali abantwana phakathi komzi elinokubaliswa ngaphandle kukhankanywa ezi zibakala, kodwa ezi zinto, nangona iziganeko mnandi, kufuneka kwakhona ukwazi.

emi-3 emva nentlekele kula mazwe, izakhiwo zonqulo ezitsha, nto leyo zisetyenziselwa ukwakha ilitye. Ukubuyiselwa woonongendi bema ngokuqinileyo ngeenyawo zawo, kunye nenkxaso weenkosana zaqala ukuba ngcono nangokukhawuleza. Anakho kude ngaphaya kwemida yayo umhlaba olimekayo, nemiqolomba, homesteading kunye neefama, iindawo zokuloba, njalo-njalo. D.

Tsar Ivan Grozny isoloko waliphulaphula izimvo Emnye yabefundisi eliphezulu. Ngowe-1561 wamkela sala abefundisi endorsement-nkqubo yabo, wehla waya embalini njenge "oprichnina". iimonki yobukhosi Support bazisa Holdings umhlaba omtsha kunye wemvula ye yokugcina ubuncwane kusenziwa ngokudlela indlala abantu karhulumente.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI Ivan Grozny wayalela ukuba ukwakha ngeenxa zonke imihlaba woonongendi, iindonga ilitye neenqaba ezinde-11, emva koko ijikwe ibe enqabeni soyiswe. Imbali Emfutshane Sergiyev Posad abantwana kuquka imizekelo bala ngayo kwinqaba iShushan kule minyaka 1608-1610 ngesidima imelana zokungqinga phantse polutoraletnyuyu zabahlaseli Polish-Lithuanian. Xa eRashiya ngowe-1682 uqhekeza musketeers uqhushululu, iindonga kwilitye woonongendi yafihlakala ingqumbo zomkhosi ababengaxolanga Princess Sophia Nikolaevna nePrince Ivan noPetros. Emva kweminyaka 7, le yokugqibela sele ngokufihla wena apha ebudeni dabi ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. Ekubeni wanyukela etroneni, uPetros I inkxaso ngamandla emazweni weemonki. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo negalelo kwikamva nempumelelo yabo.

Ukuqamba Monastery e Lavra

Ngenkxaso oozilawuli izidwangube baqhubeka imbali Sergiev Posad. Ngokuba abantwana baya kuba nomdla ukwazi ukuba 1744 woonongendi owathiywa igama Monastery. Le ngesiqu wamnika amathuba amatsha Wazomeleza engatshintshiyo yayo phakathi kwezinye amaziko ezenkolo Orthodox Russian. Ngowe-1782, iindawo ezininzi ezingqonge woonongendi, bathelela kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba "Sergiev Posad".

Akhiwa isixeko lafumana ingubo iingalo ummandla wayo waqalisa ukuba almshouses kwakhiwe, iivenkile ngemiyinge emincinci, eMonastri ihotele, iifektri avuleka, izindlu yoshicilelo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, yaba liziko enkulu kushishino toy le, kuba iye yaba luphawu Russian Matryoshka. Ngowe-1865, phakathi Sergiev Posad kunye eMoscow kwavula tracks. Oku kutsale inani elikhulu zihamba abanquli Lavra.

nkqubo yamaBolshevik

Ukuchuma Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo kunye imihlaba kuyo Yaphela ekuzeni ukuba namandla iiBolsheviks eRashiya. Onke amaziko ezenkolo abakuloo mzi zavalwa. Ngomhla kummandla woonongendi ngowe-1919, waseka imyuziyam. Lendela batshutshiswa baza zinganakwa. Kunye iimephu wanyamalala igama "Sergiev Posad". Imbali ibonisa zabantwana ngo-1919 yathiywa igama uSergiyo, kwaye ngo-1930 - Zagorsk. Eli gama wafumana imbeko revolution Vladimir Zagorski.

Sergiev Posad kumaxesha Soviet

Kumaxesha eSoviet imbonakalo isixeko litshintshile kakhulu. On nommandla wayo, imizi-mveliso emitsha amatye okusila kwakhiwa. Ngowe-1932 kwavulwa kukho Research Institute eyodwa zokudlala. Imfazwe kunye amaJamani yazisa utshintsho kubomi nangobude mzi. Uninzi abahlali baye kulwa ngaphambili, 14 emva umlo yawongwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union. Ukususela ngo-1946 ubomi zonqulo Sergiev Posad ngcembe waqalisa wokubavusa. Ukususela ngoko, woonongendi baqalisa ukubuyela lendela.

Ngowe-1976, esi sixeko wavula Zagorsky lesikhumbuzo. Ukususela ngowe-1980 waqala apho ukusebenza yokudlala emyuziyam. Imbeko isikhumbuzo 1000th le Ukubhaptizwa Kievan Rus 'ngo-1988 kummandla yeendawo zokuhlala, kufutshane Church of the Kumbi, sivulwe ilitye lesikhumbuzo umnyibilikisi iSt uSergiyo of Radonezh. Owayesakuba isihloko Sergiev Posad zabuya emva kuqhutywa ngo-1991 yi-zimvo yasekuhlaleni.

Isixeko yanamhlanje

Sergiev Posad ngoku senkolo, yenkcubeko, imbali kunye yolawulo engundoqo kummandla eMoscow. main yaso Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Ukususela ngo-1993, oko idweliswe njenge UNESCO World Heritage Site. Ndwendwela naye eze amakholwa nje kuphela, kodwa kubo bonke abo banomdla yimbali emfutshane isixeko Sergiev Posad.