Oscillation damped

iinkqubo Oscillatory zingqonge mntu kuyo yonke indawo. Le meko kungenxa yokuba, okokuqala, kwindalo, kukho iimeko ezininzi (physical, amachiza, organic, njalo-njalo), apho intlokoma kwenzeka, kuquka oscillations damped. Okwesibini, ubunyaniso abasingqongileyo kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwiinkqubo jinga ubukho ekuyeyona kunxulunyaniswa kwiinkqubo oscillatory. Ezi nkqubo ngeenxa zonke kuthi, ukuba ziimpawu ithombo ezikhoyo oogesi, nesenzeko ukukhanya, wave andise, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ekugqibeleni, le ndoda, okanye mandithi umzimba womntu, le nkqubo-jinga, ezinikwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuhla ubomi bakhe - kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, nokuhamba kwegazi, intshukumo lomzimba.

Ngoko, ke abenza izifundo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ilula kwaye original kwesi sifundo intlokoma simahla. Bona luphawulwa nokudinwa lwe-eneji vibrational ye ubume, ngoko ekugqibeleni wayeka yaye ngoba loonto eguquguqukayo zimiselwa ingqikelelo oscillations damped.

Xa iinkqubo oscillatory i kwenzeka cala inkqubo ilahleko eneji (kwiinkqubo loomatshini - ngenxa zochuku in electric - ngenxa yobukho yenkcaso zombane). Kungenxa yoko le nto oscillations ezinjalo damped ayikwazi ayinakuchazwa harmonic. Njengoko le ngxelo lokuqala, sinako zibonisa ngokwezibalo livela, umzekelo, ubucukubhede ye damped oscillations ifomula nobuchazwe: F = - RV = -R DX / dt. Kule formula, r ukumelana lomlingani, ixabiso rhoqo. Ngokutsho wokubala, sinokugqiba ukuba ixabiso uqina (V) kwinkqubo ngokomlinganiselo ixabiso uxhathiso. Kodwa phambi umqondiso "-" kuthetha ukuba kumda wesangqa amandla (F) kunye nesantya badalwe ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusebenzisa equation yesibini uMthetho Newton, yaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo impembelelo imikhosi ukumelana, inxaki luphawu inkqubo intshukumo oscillation damped kuthatha le fomu ilandelayo: ekho amandla uxhathiso unalo ifomu: d ^ 2x / dt2 + 2β dt / dt + ω2 x = 0. Kule formula β - damping lomlingani, nto leyo ibonisa umyinge kwesi sigaba lenkqubo oscillatory.

Lidla equation efanayo zingafumaneka ukuba isekethe yombane, kuthathelwa ingqalelo damping zize zifakwe kwicala lasekhohlo ukuhla ombane ngapha ur resistor. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, inxaki umahluko ezingabhaliweyo kuba ixesha offset (t), yaye ukuba ubaqononondise q capacitor (t); ukuxabana lomlingani r ithathwa yi sikagesi ukumelana yesekethe R; 2 apho β = R / L, apho K - ukumelana zeesekethe, L - ubude chain.

Ukuba ngokusekelwe kwezi fomyula ukwakha iigrafu esihambelanayo, ungabona ukuba igrafu oscillations damped le mifanekiso efana kakhulu oscillations harmonic, kodwa awo ke oscillations ngcembe kunciphisa ngokucacileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba oscillations inokwenziwa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo oscillatory kwaye zenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo iimeko, kuyimfuneko ukuba sithi, yintoni uhlobo nkqubo siqwalasela kwimeko nganye. Yile meko azixhomekekanga kuphela iimpawu ezizodwa lweenkqubo oscillatory, kodwa kukho isiphumo esahlukileyo - uhlobo oscillations umiselwa inkqubo ngokwayo yaye indawo yayo yokuhlela. Siye, kulo mzekelo, ingqalelo omnye apho iimpawu inkqubo azitshintshanga ngethuba lophando inkqubo oscillatory. Ngokomzekelo, sicingela ukuba inkqubo alitshintshi ukuba okubuyela kwimo yazo emthonjeni, amandla womxhuzulane ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo umthwalo, kunye neenkqubo zombane kuhlala efanayo ngokuxhomekeke kweelana kwisantya okanye yokunyusa amaxabiso jinga. iinkqubo ezinjalo oscillatory zibizwa ngokuba yomgama.