Alexander Peresvet. IiHlathi zeMfazwe yaseKukokovo

UAlexandre Peresvet - omnye wamaqhawe amaninzi aseRussia. Icawa yamaOthodoki ibhalwe njengongcwele. Ubuntu bakhe buhlanganiswe ngeengcamango kunye neengcamango. Igama lomninimzi waseRussia unogqithiso lusezitalato kunye nezixeko, kwaye udumo lwakhe aluzange luphele kwaye malunga neminyaka engama-700.

Biography ye Peresvet

Usuku lokuzalwa luka-Aleksandriya lungaziwayo. Ininzi yemithombo ingqina ukuba ivela kumfana. Oko kukuthi, yiklasi ephakamileyo. I-Boyars ihlala kwindawo ehamba phambili kunye nomhlaba. Ngeli-14 leminyaka, yonke inkwenkwe evela ebuntwaneni yaqeqeshwa kwimishini yomkhosi. Indawo yokuzalwa - uBryansk. Ngokuqinisekileyo, u-Alexander Peresvet uthathe inxaxheba kwimikhankaso nakwiimfazwe. Ngesinye isikhathi wathatha izibhambathiso. Umcimbi owawubanjelwa eRostov. Ekubeni akukho ndawo imithombo efanelekileyo eneengxelo ezinokuthi zithembeke ngokuqinisekileyo kwimicimbi ethile, izazi-mlando ziqhubeka zixoxa nge-biography ye-Peresvet. Ingxaki yinto yokuba abalobi bexesha elidala babedla kwiingxelo kunye nokuphakanyiswa. Okokuthi, amaqhawe adumile ayebhekisela kwiimpawu kunye neempawu ezingenalo. Kwaye izazinzulu zanamhlanje zifumanisa kunzima ukuhlula inkolelo eqinisweni.

Nangona kunjalo, sinokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba ngo-1380 u-Alexander Peresvet wayengumConmonic Schemonch. Kwakule nqanaba ukuba waya kwi-Battle of Kulikovo, eyamzisa uzuko olungunaphakade.

Mfuneko

Ngeli-14 leminyaka, iRashiya yayiphelile phantsi kwejoka laseMongol-Tatar le-Golden Horde. Ngelo xesha, impembelelo yobukumkani baseMoscow yanda. Izikhulu ezimbalwa zaseRashiya zakwazi ukunqoba amaninzi amaninzi kumaTatar, anika amandla ekuchaseni umsebenzi. Ngowe-1376, imikhosi yaseRashiya yaqala ukukhulula umhlaba wayo, iqhube iHorde ngaseningizimu. Kwinkqubo yokubuya, i-khans kaMamai yachitha inkulu iinqununu, kodwa ayizange ingene empini evulekileyo.
Phakathi no-Agasti, umkhosi waseRashiya ufika eKolomna. Izindlela ezahlukileyo ezivela kulo lonke elaseRussia zidibene kunye namaqhawe ukuze zikhumbule amaTatars kanye kunye. Inkokheli yeHorde Mamai ikholelwa ukuba uDmitry uyesaba ukuwela i-Oka kwaye uthemba ukuba i-ambulensi inceda iLituanians. Kodwa ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, amaRussia ayewela umlambo aze awela emazweni aseRyazan aye eMamaia. Phakathi kwamajoni kwakunguAlexander Peresvet.
Uluhlu olunjalo ngoDmitry lubhekwa njengesinyathelo sokukhawuleza. Yonke iRashiya isasaza iindaba zokunyelisa malunga nokutshatyalaliswa okukufutshane kwembutho yeenkosana.

Imfazwe yaseKukokovo

NgoSeptemba 8, idabi elidumile laseKukoko nePeresvet balwa noChelubey. Ngaphambi komhla, amaRashiya awela i-Don River. Omkhulu uDuke uDmitry waqokelela phantsi kwemibhobho yakhe esuka kuma-40 ukuya kumawaka ayi-60 abantu. Igosa laseMoscow laliyintloko. Kwii-flanks kwakufika abantu baseLithuania nabaseRyazanians. Ngobusuku bukaSeptemba 7, ukuhlaziywa kwemikhosi kwenzeka. UDmitry wayiqonda inxaxheba enkulu enikwe yona. Ekubeni kwimeko yokutshatyalaliswa phambi kokuba amaTatars onke amazwe aye eMoscow aya kufunyanwa. Ngoko ke, ukuhlaziywa kwaqhutyelwa ngokucokisekileyo.
U-Alexander Peresvet mhlawumbi wayehlala kwinqanaba eliphambili nenkundla yesikhulu saseMoscow. Ngobusuku obunzulu bobubanzi bomabini bobabini bahlola izikhundla zeentshaba. Ngomso kukho izikhwama zokuqala. AmaTatars aletha abantu abayi-100 000 ukuya kwintsimi yaseKukokovo. Ekubeni imithombo yamandulo idla ngokukwandisa kakhulu inani lempi, kunzima ukufumana inani lenyaniso. Ezinye imithombo ibonisa ama-40,000 aseRussia amasosha kunye nama-60,000 eTatar.
Ekuseni ngoSeptemba 8, iRusichi yakhiwe kwiindawo zokulwa. Amagorha aqhelekileyo emfazwe alandelayo athetha iintetho. Ubunzima obugqithiseleyo kwintsimi, kwaye amaRussia alinda iiyure eziliqela kwiqanda ukuqala imfazwe. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa kamva amaTatars aphuma ehlathini enodonga olunamandla.

Ukulwa

NgeMinyaka Ephakathi, imfazwe yayisoloko ilandelwa yimfazwe yabasemagqabini abasemagunyeni ngamnye. Lo mgaqo ongabhalwanga wawuboniswa ngokungahambi kakuhle. Ukulwa kwada kwada kwada kwafa kwaye akukho mntu unelungelo lokuphazamisa. Imvelaphi yesi siko ibuyela ku-BC. Imbali yamandulo ibonisa ukuba endaweni yokulwa nemikhosi emibini, kulwa imfazwe phakathi kwabantu ababini. Icala elilahlekileyo libuyele. Enyanisweni, inyaniso, inokuba yintoni imfazwe yaqala kungakhathaliseki ukulwa. Kodwa wayebaluleka kakhulu kwengqondo kubasemagunyeni. Kwabaninzi, wayeyinto enenkolelo-ze.

I-Duel yasePeresvet kunye neChelubey

Ecaleni lamaTatars beza iChelyabinsk edumile. Ngokwamabali endulo, wayedume ngokuba namandla akhe omzimba kunye nobuqili bemikhosi. Wayeyona nto ibhetele kwiidayel. Kwakungenxa yale njongo abaTatars abamqeshiweyo. Ngaphambi kokulwa kweKukoko, wayengazi ukulwa. Kwiintaba zeentaba, wasebenzisa umkhonto, umitha ongaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, owamvumela ukuba abulale intshaba ngaphambi kokuba kudibene. Ukusuka emkhosini weTatar wahamba ngehashe elimhlophe, egqoke iimpahla eziluhlaza.
U-Alexander Peresvet wayenengubo ebomvu waza wema phantsi kobomnyama "obumnyama" obomvu wase-Russian Orthodox. Imikhosi ibindile ngokulindela ukulwa.
UPeresvet kunye noKalusbs bahlakazeka baza baqhutyana ngomkhonto. Badibanisa nalo lonke uhlanga. Intetho ehlabayo ngexesha elinye. UPeresvet noChelusbs bafa kanyekanye. Kodwa uAlexandre wakwazi ukuhlala ehashe ixesha elide, oko kwakuthetha ukunqoba kwakhe. Ekhuthazwa yintshaba yombutho wabo uRusichi othukutheleyo. Kusasa kusasa ukukhwaza kwemibhobho, kwaye umkhosi waseRussia wagijima waya kuhlaselo.

Peresvet kunye neChelubey kwintsimi yaseKukoko: enye inguqulelo

Ngokwezinye iinguqulelo, uPersvet wahamba ngobuqili nokuzidela ngokuzithandela. Iqhawe, elilwa neChelubey phambi kweMfazwe yaseKukokovo, yazi malunga nomkhonto omde wetshaba. Ngako oko, wasusa ngamabomu zonke izixhobo zokulwa, kangangokuba umkhonto womthandayo waseTatar waguqa umzimba ka-Aleksander ngokukhawuleza kwaye oku kuya kumvumela ukuba atshaye intshaba. Umleki-mkhosi wanikela iingubo zecawa ngesiphambano samaOthodoki. UChelyabin oziqinisekisileyo wamgwaza uPersvet, kodwa yena, ngomkhonto emzimbeni wakhe, wafikelela kwintshaba waza wamxabela. Ngentlungu yokufa isosha laseRashiya lakwazi ukufikelela kwimikhosi yalo kwaye yawela khona kuphela.

IMfazwe

Ekhuthazwa yintshaba kunye neqhawe lokuzibonga, amajoni aseRashiya amemeza kwiintshaba. Amaqela ajamelene nelifa elinzima. AmaTatars ayedlula amanani. Kodwa amaRashiya ahamba ekugxotheni igosa likarhulumente weRarpukhovsky. Ngethuba elincinci, waxabela umkhosi wamasosha aseTatar. Abagadi bamabhiza banqumla emva, amaTatars ayathuthumela. Baphenduka baba yi-stampede kwaye phantse bonke babulawa.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kweHorde kwi- Battle of Kulikovo Field kwakuyindawo yokuqala yokukhululwa kweRussi evela kwiTatar-Mongols. Ephefumlelwe ngempumelelo, iinqununu zaseRashiya zanquma ukuhanjiswa eMoscow.

Ukungcwaba kweqhawe

Umzimba ka-Alexander Peresvet wathatyathwa eMoscow. Waye wangcwatshwa kunye nembeko yezempi kufuphi neCawa yoKuzalwa kukaVietnam kwi-private crypt. Amaqhawe emveli ekulweni, afana noRodion Oslabya, angcwatywa kunye naye. Ngezakhiwo zangekhulu le-18 leminyaka zenziwe phantsi kweentendelezo ingcwaba lamandulo apho uAlexander Peresvet wayecelwa ukuba angcwatywe khona. Abanye ababhali beembali-mlando baqwalasela le ngcaciso ingenakwenzeka. Emva kokubuyiselwa, itempile yagqitywa ngegumbi lokungcwaba kwaye kwakhiwa ilitye lokungcwaba. Kwaye kwada kwada kwada kwii-20 zee-20 zenkulungwane. Ngoku kukhoneni kwecawa kwakhiwa ilitye elitye elitsha, eliphindaphinda i-iron sarcophagus yasePeresvet. Ingcwaba ivulelekile kwiindwendwe.

Imemori

Iqhawe leMfazwe yaseKukoko libekwe kwi-Church Orthodox yaseRashiya njengongcwele. Umhla wokukhumbula uAlexander Peresvet nguSeptemba 7. I-Moscow State Academy ibambe isiphambano, esithathwa ngokuba yiPeresvet. Ngethuba lamaxesha olawulo lwaseRussia, iinqwelo ezininzi zempi zabizwa ngokuba nguAlexander. Namhlanje kukho izitalato eziliqela, kunye neseko kwisixeko saseMoscow, esibizwa ngokuba yiPeresvet. Ngo-2006, kwakhiwa iqela elikhethekileyo leVV "Peresvet".