Ulawulo lukaFedor Ivanovich - ukuqiniswa kwamandla karhulumente

U-Rurikovich wokugqibela, owayenamandla, wayebuthathaka emzimbeni nasengqondweni kwaye wayengenakulawula ilizwe, njengokuba wayengenalo izindlalifa. Ulawulo lukaFyodor Ivanovich lwawela kwiminyaka enzima eRashiya. Ilifa lootata omkhulu lahlala e-state disorderly, efuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawulezileyo.

Imeko yezopolitiko jikelele

Ubukumkani bukaIvan Vasilievich buphela phantsi kweemeko ezingafanelekanga. Okokuqala, imfazwe engaphumelelanga neLithuania, kwaye okwesibini, ekulweni namaSweden ngenjongo yokurhweba ngaphandle kwemisebenzi eLwandle lwaseBaltic, iRashiya ayifumananga kuphela into eyifunayo, kodwa yalahlekelwa yindawo ethile.

Inkqubo ye-oprichnaya yanciphisa igunya loqoqosho lwe-aristocracy enkulu kwaye yaqothula abantu ababalaseleyo ababa ngabaxhasi ekulawulweni kukaFedor Ivanovich. Usuku lukaYuryev lwapheliswa, kwaye abalimi baqokelela inzondo kuluntu, kuba bekufuneka bafezekise imisebenzi ephakamileyo kwimigangatho kunye nabanini bempahla. Iirhafu zombuso nazo zakhula. Inkwenkwe ngokwabo kunye neenkosana, votchinniki, bazame ukunciphisa abahloniphekileyo kunye nokuqinisa izikhundla zabo, ukuphinda baphinde baphumelele kwi-Grozny. Abahloniphekile nabo balwa nokulwa kweenkwenkwezi.

Ubunikazi bendlalifa

UFedor Ivanovich wazalelwa ngo-1557. Ngokukhunjulwa kwesi siganeko, ibandla lwakhiwa ngokuhlonipha uSt. Store Stratelates wakhe ePerslavl-Zalessky. Ngo-1881, u-Ivan wabulawa - oyindlalifa ngqo kwitrone. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-23, uFyodor Ivanovich, owayengabonwanga ngamandla, waba yindlalifa. Indodana kaTsar yayicinga nje into enye - usindiso lomphefumlo. Ekukhulekeni nasekuthuleni, kwiindlela zokuhamba kwiindawo ezingcwele, wachitha ixesha lakhe. Kwiminyaka eyi-17 inkosana yayitshatile u-Irina Godunova, umfazi omhle nowengqondi, wakhupha egumbini lobukhosi.

Kwakungabikho ukujonga kwintsapho, eyayiyinkokheli endala. Yiloo nto uGrozny anqume. Lo mtshato wawusebenza njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokuphakama kukaBoris Godunov. Kodwa u-Ivan IV wabona ngaphambili ukuba emtshatweni kunokungabikho abantwana, ngako-ke kwanoko wayala ukuba atshade noFedor kwiNkosana u-Irina Mstislavskaya ngokuthanda. Nangona kunjalo, iinqweno zikaBoris Godunov zithumelele lo mlawulikazi kwiindwendwe. Ngeminyaka eyi-27 ubudala ngo-1584 ulawulo lukaFyodor Ivanovich lwaqala.

Kodwa akazange ashintshe imikhwa yakhe - wayesezizungezile ngezizatha ezingcwele, oothixo, wayekuthanda ukukhwela insimbi yentsimbi ukuze athethe iintsimbi. Ngelo xesha, ilizwe lilindele isenzo. U-Ivan IV wasungula ibhunga lomgcini kunye nendodana yakhe engenamandla, kodwa amalungu ebhunga axabana, kwaye uSusky no-Godunov bahlala kwindawo yezopolitiko, ekugqibeleni iphumelele. U-Tsarevich Dmitry, owayenalo lungelo setrone, wasuswa kumama wakhe e-Uglich. Kwakunyanzelekile ukuba buthathaka intsapho yooMdaka.

Kwiindawo

Xa ibhunga lokugcina liye lawa, ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kukaBoris Godunov, umzalwana ka- Queen Irina, kwaqala. Ubuqili kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamenza waba ngumntu onamandla kunabo bonke ekulawuleni uFedor Ivanovich. Wanikezwa ilungelo lokukhokela ihashe ngexesha lokunyuka kokumkani. Kwaye kwakunamandla okwenene. Ngokwemiyalelo ye "esitebeleni", izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ze-tsarist zenziwe. Ukuqaphela ukungabikho kokungakhuselekanga nokungaqiniseki kwesikhundla sakhe, u-Godunov wayefuna inkxaso kubantu abahloniphekileyo. Ngethuba lolawulo lukaFyodor Ivanovich, ekubanjweni kuka-Godunov, ixesha eliyiminyaka emihlanu lokufuna abahlali ababalekeleyo (umyalelo we-1597) wasungulwa, ekubeni iinduna ezingaphezu kweempahla zibangelwa kukuntuleka kwabantu abalima umhlaba. Esinye isipho sanikwa iiduna. Abanini bezindlu abahluphekayo, abaye balima umhlaba, baxolelwa ukuhlawula irhafu.

Isikhundla sikarhulumente

Ngethuba lokubusa kukaFedor Ivanovich (1584-1598), uqoqosho lwaqala ukuhlaziya kwaye imeko yezoqoqosho iphucula. Umhlaba ongekho umntu ongenamntu ongekhoyo ongevulekile. U-Godunov wathatha ilizwe ukusuka kwiinkwenkwezi waza wawahambisa kubanikazi bezindlu, ngaloo ndlela beqinisa isikhundla sabo.

Kodwa kuphela abo bakhonza bakhonza emhlabeni. Ngaphezu koko, ngowe-1593-1594 ukulawulwa kobunikazi bomhlaba ngeendlunkulu zacaciswa. Abo babengenawo amaxwebhu babenqatshelwe iqashiso labo ngenxa yenkosi. La mazwe angabhalwa kwakhona kwi-posadskim nakwi-servicemen. Ngaloo ndlela, u-Godunov uthembele kwintsizana kunye "nobugcisa".

Ukuguqulwa kweCawa

EMoscow, babekholelwa ukuba iSonto lama-Orthodox yaseRashiya lacitshiswa. Ngomnyaka we-1588, unzalami waseConstantinople waya kwikomkhulu waza wanika imvume yokuzimela kwimiba yecawa, okokuthi, intloko yeCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRussia evela kwidolophu yakudala yaba ngu-patriarch.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lolu hlobo lokuzimela lugxininisa udumo lwe-Orthodoxy yaseRashiya, kwaye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lwahlula ehlabathini, lukhusela uphuhliso, lukhusela iingcinga ezintsha ukungena. Uthando lwabazali lonyulwa ngokusemthethweni, kodwa ngokwenene kuphela umviwa ophakanyisiwe, ngubani okhethiweyo-uYobhi. Amandla angokomoya ayengaphantsi kombuso kwaye axhaswa ngazo zonke iindlela. Ukomelezwa kwamandla omhlaba kwenzeka ngexesha lokulawula kukaTsar Feodor Ivanovich.

Ukuzaliswa kweSiberia

Isiqalo sasibekwa ngabarhwebi uStraanov, owamcela uncedo kwiYermak. Emva kokufa kwakhe, iinqununu zentolongo yakhe yashiya iSiberia, kodwa ngowe-1587 eMoscow yathumela uncedo, kwaye isixeko saseTobolsk safakwa. Uhambo lwaseMpuma lwaqhubeka lulawulo lukaFyodor Ivanovich noBoris Godunov.

Imfazwe encinci eNtshona

Imfazwe yentengiso yamahhala eBaltic yaqala ngo-1590 kwaye yaphela iminyaka emihlanu kamva. Oku kwavumela u-Godunov ukuba abuyisele imizi yaseRashiya kwimigodi yaseFinnish kwaye enze intengiso kunye neSweden evuyayo, eyabangela ukuthandwa kwabathengisi baseRussia.

Umda wasemzantsi wawuqinwa, kwaye iCrimean Tatars ukusuka ngo-1591 ayisayikukhathaza iMoscow. Ngasenyakatho, e-Arkhangelsk, ngowe-1586 kwavulwa ulwalamano olutsha lwe-White Sea. Leli lizwe lakhula likhulu kwaye lahlala ngokuthula, ngokokuba abavakalisi bekhumbula amaxesha apho "ukuthula kwakukhulu" eMoscow.

Nangona ubuthathaka bobukhosi, ubukumkani bukaTsar Feodor Ivanovich, ngokubulela kumgaqo-nkqubo wehlakaniphileyo ka-Godunov, waphumelela. Ngomnyaka we-1598 u-Fyodor ukumkani obusisiwe. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. Akazange ashiye iindlalifa zakhe, kunye kunye naye ubukhosi bamaRurikites buphazamisekile .