I-Crimean Tatars: kumbuzo weemeko zika-1944

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe ebandayo, ukuwa kwekampu yentlalo kunye nokubunjwa kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, ukuthambekela ekubuyiseni imbali kwaqala ukuzuza. Oku kwakuboniswa kungekuphela kokuhlaziywa kwanoma yiziphi iimbali zembali, kodwa nakubhalwe kwimbali yesizwe entsha kwiindawo ezininzi.

Emazweni amancinci, asetshenziswe, amaninzi awo awanakho ukunika uluntu zonke iintlawulo zentlalontle, ngenjongo yokudala uluntu lwe-monolithic kwinqanaba likaRhulumente, iingxaki ezinxulumene nemiba kazwelonke, iphepha elibuhlungu lexesha elidlulileyo, njalo njalo. Ngokukodwa, kumazwe amaninzi eenkampu zangaphambili zentlalo-nkqubela, ingxaki ye-genocide yaba yintloko. Ewe, ukudlala kwiimvakalelo zobuzwe bezigidi zabantu (kwaye kwimeko enokukhathazeka njenge-genocide, zenzeka) sisiseko esomeleleyo sokwakhiwa kwengcamango yesizwe esifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uhlaselo kumali. Isityholo solwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu njengoluhlanga luyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ukuthabatha elukholweni ngaphandle kobukho ubungqina obuthembekileyo buyinto engalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthinteli abantu abaninzi ukuba bangabonakali kweli xesha.

Enye yeengxaki eziphikisanayo kunye neengxabano kulo mthwalo kukuxoshwa kwamaTatars eCrimea kwiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Kuyaziwa ukuba iCrimea ngoku, njengelizwe elizimelayo, liyingxenye ye-Ukraine, nangona kunjalo le meko ivumela ipropaganda yombono wobulali lwabantu baseCrimea baseTatar. Kusemthethweni kangakanani iimangalo zabemi bomdabu be- peninsula yaseUkraine ukuba baqaphele ukuthunjwa njengento yesahlulelo?

Ukususela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, iCrimea yayibhekwa njengenye yezona ndawo ziyimfuneko ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo yi-Wehrmacht ngenjongo yokuchukumisa okunzulu kwilizwe. Okokuqala, oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwachazwa ubukho apha kwiziseko zeNavy: ukutshatyalaliswa kwe peninsula kwakuthetha ngamandla angabonakaliyo aseJamani kumntla we-Black Sea.

Ukuhlaselwa kwinqanaba le-peninsula laqala ngemikhosi ye-South Army ngo-Oktobha 1941, kwaye kulungile ukuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamaJamani kule ndlela kwangoko kwashukumisa intshutshiso yamaTatar e-Red Army.
Imbali isele ikwazi imimandla yendlela yokulwa kwenzalo yabemi besiqithi besiqithi babecala. Ngaloo ndlela, amaTatars aseCrimea kwiMfazwe yaseCrimea ka-1853-1856. Ukubandakanyeka ngokufanelekileyo kwizenzo kwicala le-Franco-Anglo-Turkish.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokushiya kwisihloko esiyintloko, kufuneka kuthiwa ekuqaleni kwemfazwe eCrimea, kwaqulunqwa amaqela amane, ngokuqinisekileyo onke awakwazi ukubonisa iimpawu eziphezulu zokulwa. Ewe, amaqela awazange asebenze ngokupheleleyo ngamaCrimean Tatars, nangona kunjalo inyaniso ihlala. Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kwemimoya yezobudlova kwakungesiyinkxala enkulu: ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kwaqala ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwamaTatars.

Ukongezelela, amaTatars aseCrimea ayishiye ngokukhawuleza amashiya, adala ngokukhawuleza ngokuqhambuka kwemfazwe. Le nyaniso yayenza lula ukulawula amaJamani malunga nommandla ohlala kuwo.

Isimo sengqibelelo samaTatars kubahlaseli babonakaliswa ekubonakaleni kwentlonipho. Ngaloo ndlela, uGeneral Manstein wabhala ukuba i-Tatar idlulisela izibongo ngezipho zomlawuli wamagosa aseJamani.

Ekugqibeleni, amaTatars aseCrimea afumana "ubudlelwane obufudumele" xa amaNazi akha 8 amabutho e-Crimean-Tatar. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwamaJamani baqala ukubunjwa kunye neenqwelo ezixhobileyo "zokuzikhusela." Amatata amaninzi ayetyenziswe njengabaqhubi ngokuchasene namaqela enxaxheba. Ukunyaniseka kumaJamani kwakukho uxolo ngo-Crimean Tatars.

Zonke ezi ngxelo azikwazanga ukunyanzelwa nguRhulumente wase-USSR. Ukukhululwa kweCrimea ngowe-1944 kwabangela ukuphindisela ngokumalunga nabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngo-Meyi 18, 1944 ukuxoshwa kweCrimean Tatars kwaqala. Kwiintsuku ezimbini nje ukusuka apha, malunga namawaka angama-200 abantu baxoshwa kwi-Asia Ephakathi, ngokuyininzi ku-Uzbekistan. Ngokweziqikelelo ezahlukileyo, ngexesha lokuhlala kabusha kunye neminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba libhubha lisuka kwi-10 ukuya kuma-50% kwabafuduki. Zizo ziganeko ezithi i-Crimean Tatars zibhekiselele ekubhubhiseni kwabantu babo.

Nangona kunjalo, le ngcaciso isemthethweni, inikwe iinyaniso zokusebenzisana kwamaTatar? Ukuhlaziywa kweziganeko zokuthunjwa kwabuyiselwa kumaxesha eSoviet, kwaye kwintengo yeenkokeli zeenkokheli zeSoviet Union, kufuneka kuthiwa ukuxothwa kweTatars eCrimea kwaqatshelwa njengesigqibo esingafanelekanga nesingenakulungiswa, ingakumbi kuba abaninzi abadibaniselwano bahamba baye eNtshona kunye neengxenye ezifudukayo ze-Wehrmacht. Ngaloo ndlela, isigqibo sokubuyisela indawo esele saqatshelwa ukuba asifanelekanga ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, bekungekho mthethweni ukufumana ezi ziganeko njenge-genocide. Kule nkcazo inikezela ukutshabalalisa okunenjongo abantu, ihlawulwe nguRhulumente. Akukho ziqinisekiso eziqinisekisa isigqibo malunga nokutshabalalisa kwamaTatars emhlabeni wonke.

Oku kusiyisa kwisigqibo sokuba amabango amaTatars ekuqaliseni ukuthunjelwa njengento yokubhubhisa ayinasisiseko, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba i-Crimean Tatars ngokwazo ayiyi kubuya kwiindawo zabo. Isisombululo salolu daba namhlanje sidinga uhlalutyo olunzulu, impembelelo yalo ikwabekwa yi-orientation yezopolitiko, abaxhasayo be-USSR kunye nokubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo abayi kuze bagwebe iziganeko zango-1944. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi le nto iya kuhlala ingqubuzana kwiminyaka emininzi.