Imfazwe mfutshane ehlabathini. War Anglo-Zanzibar: ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, inxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma Afrika kunxweme Indian Ocean ubukhosi abusa sultanate of Oman. It kwakuchume ilizwe elincinane ngokuxhaphaza yorhwebo esebenzayo zeempondo zeendlovu, iziqholo kunye namakhoboka. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe kwimarike iqhawulwe, kwakudingeka ukuba basebenzisane kunye namandla yaseYurophu. Ngokwembali, eNgilani, kweyisa ngaphambili kwisithuba ulwandle ikoloni Afrika, waqalisa anempembelelo enkulu kwi-nkqubo lomgadi Sultanate of Oman. Xa ulwalathiso unozakuzaku yaseBritani Zanzibar Sultanate of Oman siyahlukana nibe ezizimeleyo, nangona ngokusemthethweni urhulumente wayengekho phantsi Protectorate yaseBritani. Kwaukucinga ngazo eli lizwe ezincinane ezichazwe kumaphepha kweencwadi, ukuba kwenzeka kummandla walo ungquzulwano zomkhosi akangenanga yeembali imbali njengoko imfazwe imfutshane ehlabathini.

Imeko yezopolitiko phambi kwempi

Kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo ukuya kumhlaba isityebi Afrika baqalisa ukubonisa unomdla kumazwe awahlukeneyo. EJamani, kakhulu, akashiywa ngaphandle bathenga ngawo umhlaba eMpuma Afrika. Kodwa kwakufuneka ukufikelela kwi elwandle. Ngoko ke, amaJamani bangena kwisivumelwano sengqesho kunye inxalenye yonxweme Sultanate of Zanzibar nomlawuli Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar. Ngelo xesha linye i-Sultan wayengafuni kuphulukana kunye nendawo British. Xa iimfuno iBritani Germany waqalisa phambana, umbusi yangoku wafa ngesiquphe. iindlalifa ngqo anazo, ilungelo lakhe kwetrone, wathi umza wakhe Khalid ibn Bargash.

Yena ngokukhawuleza waququzelela umbuso wathabatha isihloko Sultan. Ngesantya kunye nokulungelelaniswa yezenzo, ezibe kwenziwa yonke okusemthethweni eziyimfuneko kunye nentshukumo, ngokunjalo ukufa ngesiquphe ongaziwayo ebangela Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar unika izizathu ukuba bathi, ukuba kuye kwakho iinzame ngempumelelo kwi Sultan. Khalid ibn Bargash inkxaso enikiweyo eJamani. Kodwa hayi kule mithetho UK baba njalo lula mmandla. Nokuba ngokusemthethweni abazange lilifa kuye. Isigidimi British wawufuna ukuba Khalid ibn Bargash waphendula ekholekile Hamouda bin Muhammad - omnye Umzala umbusi ungasekhoyo. Noko ke, kuzithemba kunye nenkxaso evela eJamani, Khalid ibn Bargash wala ukwenza njalo.

ultimatum

Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar wafa ngoAgasti 25. Kakade ngoAgasti 26, ngaphandle amatyala ukulibaziseka ngokungenammiselo, amaBritane lufune utshintsho lwe Sultan. Ulinganiso lweenkcukacha akukho nje wala ukuqaphela mdibi, yena akazange ukuba ayamnkele kanye. Iimeko zaye ebekwe ngendlela engqongqo: de 9 Mna ngemini elandelayo (27 Agasti) kwafuneka ukuba kwehliswe iiflegi wendiza phezu kwebhotwe umbusi kaThixo, imipu umkhosi kwaye sinikezelwe phezu amagunya karhulumente. Kungenjalo ngokusemthethweni uthumela kwiMfazwe Anglo-Zanzibar.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, iyure phambi kwexesha elicacisiweyo, mmeli Sultan weza kule ofisi yaseBritani. Wacela ukuba intlanganiso Ambassador Basil Irholo. Unozakuzaku wala kumkhawulela, wathi loo gama nje zonke iimfuno UK akayi kwaneliswa kuzo naziphi thethwano inokuba akukho mbuzo.

Imikhosi yamajoni amaqela

Ngeli xesha, Khalid ibn Bargash wayesele umkhosi wamajoni 2800. Ukongeza, wawaphalaza embalwa ezilikhulu amakhoboka ukuba agade kwibhotwe Sultan wakhe, wayalela ukuba tufwile ezimbini kunaso pounder-12 kunye Gatling nompu (uhlobo lwe umpu womatshini kunokuba isintu ukwindlela yokuma kunye namavili ezinkulu). On Zanzibar umkhosi uye waba imipu umatshini eziliqela, 2 barge kunye iphenyane "Glasgow".

Kwicala British kwakukho amajoni 900, 150 afohlela, iinqanawa ezintathu ezincinane, kusetyenziselwa ukulwa kufuphi nonxweme, yaye cruisers ezimbini ifakwe sekhe.

Eqonda ukongama kwamandla lomlilo utshaba, Khalid ibn Bargash waba kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba i-British wayeza nabuganga ukuthatha inyathelo emkhosini. Imbali ayithethi malunga yokuba Sultan wayethembise ummeli omtsha isiJamani, kodwa amanyathelo zibonisa ukuba Khalid ibn Bargash wayeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ngenkxaso yakhe.

Kwesifo impi

iinqanawa British waqala abanezikhundla ekulweni. Amngqonga inqanawa enye Zanzibar omzimba, yahlukanisa kuyo ukusuka elunxwemeni. On inye kumgama betha babeqwalaselwe kwezikhephe, kwelinye - Ibhotwe Sultan kaThixo. Le wotshi sisondela imizuzu yokugqibela phambi kwexesha elimisiweyo. Xa kanye 9 kusasa ukuqala, imfazwe imfutshane ehlabathini. gunners abaqeqeshiweyo wadubula phantsi ngokulula Zanzibar umpu yaye waqhubeka bombardment lwemethodoloji ye komkhulu.

Ukuphendula "Glasgow" wavula umlilo phezu Cruiser yaseBritani. Kodwa craft lula ukuba akukho ithuba kwi kokuyaphula ezi nemipu bristling mastodon emkhosini. I ivolibholi lokuqala wathumela iphenyane ukuya ezantsi. Zanzibaris Bazithule kwangoko iflegi yakhe noomatiloshe aseBritani wabalekiselwa umyalo ukuba pick up kubachasi babo kusinda, ukusindisa ekufeni ethile.

ukuba uzinikele

Kodwa iflegi yeflegi ebhotwe kusenzeka. Kuba emva kokuba akukho namnye ushiye. Musa ukulinda ukuba inkxaso Sultan wamshiya phakathi kuqala. umkhosi wakhe self-Wenza kwaba inzondelelo ethile ukuya uloyiso kwakungekho ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi ukuba amaqokobhe edubulayo xa ezinqanaweni ukuchetywa phantsi abantu ngathi isivuno sivuthiwe. Watshisa izakhiwo yeplanga kweyisa yonke uvalo kukududuzela. ukuba akakayeki umlilo.

Ngokutsho imithetho yemfazwe, waphakamisa iziganeko iflegi ukwaliwa uzinikele kuye. Ngoko ke, cishe avunela phantsi le Sultan Palace waqhubeka kuthulula umlilo. Ekugqibeleni omnye kweqokobhe ziwela ngqo kwi kwipali yeflegi, bamphosa. Kwangelo xesha linye, Admiral Rawlings wayalela ukuba ziphele umlilo.

Njani yathatha imfazwe phakathi Zanzibar neBritani

I imvula yokuqala senziwe 9 kusasa. Order of ume-mlilo bevuthela at 9:38. Emva koko, imikhosi yaseBritani ngokukhawuleza ahlala amabhodlo ngokokwakhiwa kwebhotwe, ngaphandle kokujongana naluphi ukuxhathisa. Ngoko ke, le mfazwe imfutshane ehlabathini zathatha imizuzu engamashumi amathathu anesibhozo kuphela. Kodwa oku akubi kakhulu mnene. Angamashumi nje embalwa imizuzu, kwafa abantu 570. Onke amaqela ku Zanzibar. igosa nge gun boat "Blackbird" wahlatywa phakathi British. Kwakhona ngeli phulo elifutshane Zanzibar sultanate yalahlekelwa ubuciko bayo encinane, equka iphenyane enye amaphenyane amabini.

Usindiso hlaza Sultan

Khalid ibn Bargash, owabalekayo ekuqaleni impi, iye bafumana indawo yokusabela kule ofisi German. The Sultan omtsha ngoko nangoko wakhupha umyalelo kokubanjwa kwakhe, namajoni aseBritani ndibeke clock umsebenzi kufuphi esangweni laseMelika. Kwadlula ngenyanga. I-British wayengazimiselanga ukurhoxisa zokungqinga yayo yoqobo. Kwaye amaJamani kwafuneka ukubhenela iqhinga wengcibi yokuluka ke ukuba indoda yakhe bemke kwelo zwe.

Kunye "Orlan" wafika kwizibuko Zanzibar Cruiser German amhluba loo emkhombeni, oomatiloshe emagxeni bamzisa kule ofisi. Kukho inqanawa wabeka Khalid ibn Bargash ngendlela efanayo wamthumela kwibhodi, "Orlan". Ngo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe watsho phandle ukuba enqanaweni, kunye enqanaweni, ummandla ingqalelo ngokusemthethweni lizwe apho umkhombe bobabo.

Iziphumo impi

Isiphumo kwemfazwe ngowe-1896, phakathi eNgilani Zanzibar akazange ukoyiswa nje ibonwe yokugqibela, kodwa phantse izi- namnye isuntswana ukuzimela ukuba sultanate ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, le mfazwe imfutshane ehlabathini iye yeziphumo ezifikelela kude. uTimoti British Hamoud bin Muhammad de ekufeni kwakhe ziyathotyelwa besprikoslovno yonke imiyalelo unozakuzaku yaseBritani, yaye nje baziphethe kunye nabalandeli bakhe phezu engamashumi asixhenxe ezayo.