Pavel Egorovich yaseChekhov: A Biography. usapho yaseChekhov yakhe. Uyise Antona Pavlovicha chehova

Uyise Antona Pavlovicha chehova, uPawulos Nina, wazalwa ngo-1825 kunye. Olhovatka. usapho yaseChekhov bakaThixo ngamakhoboka. Isikolo P. E. Chehov bafunda ukufunda nokubhala, ukucula, wabagagamela violin. Ukususela 1840 wafunda kwi-mveliso iswekile kwilali yakhe Chertkov.

ngeminyaka

Ukususela ngowe-1841 waba umlimi simahla, enkosi uyise, ngoko wongezelela yona kuluhlu baloo dolophu Rostov. Emva konyaka sele igqithile iinkunzi kwilali yabo eMoscow, apho wathengisa ngempumelelo kubo.

Ngowe-1844, uyise uzimisele Paul Zhukovsky Kobylinu I. E. (baseTaganrog merchant). Ngaphantsi konyaka njengokuba yaseChekhov owayephethe ofisi yakhe kwicala zorhwebo.

emva konyaka, uPawulos Egorovich yaseChekhov (1825-1898 GG) wayedlala emsithweni, ukukhetha wakhe tvoix Evgenia Yakovlevna. Kamva, wamnika uPenina ziindlalifa ezintandathu: Alexander, uNicholas, Anton, Ivan, UMaria Michael. Ngenxa yoko, intsapho yaseChekhov umkhulu kwaye enobubele.

Ukuze uqhubeke ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi wabo, koko kwafuneka ukuba ashiye ongxowankulu. 21.07.1858 uMnu Pavel Egorovich wawongwa kwisihloko yokurhweba guild wesithathu. Emva konyaka, oko ezivunyiweyo isikhundla labakhandi yesibini, apho kuhlawulwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi.

Kodwa urhwebo wayengekho umsebenzi kuphela yaseChekhov, yena nayo yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimisebenzi zentlalo umzi. Ngoko ke, ngo-1866, uPaul Egorovich yaseChekhov wamiselwa lilungu isithunywa yorhwebo, kwiminyaka emine emva koko wawongwa uluhlu Lokwenziwa. Ngowe-1871 wayebanika imbasa imbasa.

nomonakalo ekhaya

1876 waba nzima kakhulu ukuba usapho Paul Zhukovsky, wayexheleka. Oku kwakubangelwa ekuncipheni kwe urhwebo baseTaganrog, Rostov ukususela kwimizila kaloliwe wabeka ngeli xesha. Kwakhona, uPawulos Egorovich yaseChekhov, uyise A. P. chehova kaThixo, uhlawule ukulakhela indlu intsapho yakhe, kodwa ikontraka okungagqibekanga iye ibekwe phezulu kakhulu ixabiso ukwakhiwa.

Yonke le mfuduka usapho ematyaleni. Pavel Egorovich yaseChekhov ngobomi kwakunzima kakhulu, ogama kwafuneka ukuba baye eMoscow. Apho wayephila ubuhlwempu isithuba esingaphezu konyaka.

Ngowe-1877 waba Clerk kumaKanan IE Gavrilova. uyise Apho chehova A. P. wasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwama nantathu.

Ukususela 1892 waya Melikhovo ilifa Antona Pavlovicha chehova. Apho ke wayiqhubela uqoqosho, ekhangela emva emyezweni, ndaqhubeka idayari, sasifunda zonke maphephandaba baze baziswe A. P. chehova malunga manqaku.

Unobangela kokufa Paul Zhukovsky wakhonza utyando akuphumelelanga 1898, eyayibanjelwe eMoscow. Apho ke wangcwatywa kwi Novodevichy emangcwabeni.

umfazi

Evgeniya Yakovlevna chehova (Morozov) waye umfazi Paul Zhukovsky. Esengumntwana, safundiswa ukuba ukufunda nokubhala kuye ixesha elifutshane kunye nasekhaya.

Ngaba ayifikanga eneminyaka elishumi, yena waphulukana uyise. intsapho yakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele baseTaganrog, apho waye wathunyelwa Institute for Noble eziNtombini Kurilova. Apho, yena Iyakwazi nesimilo, ithowuni awuqeqeshelweyo ukudanisa.

Ixesha iintsapho zonakalise Eugene Y. wanyamezela nzima, kodwa ngaso bakholwa umyeni wakhe kwaye inkxaso onke amanyathelo akhe. Guide amakhaya eMoscow Melikhovo wathatha phezu.

abazali abangumzekelo, uPawulos Egorovich yaseChekhov, evgeniya Yakovlevna chehova bachitha ixesha elininzi ukuba akhuliswe kwimfundo yabantwana babo. Eugene Y. waba wokubuk kakhulu, nokuthantamisa kunye umfazi ethe. Kangangokuba ndandiqinisekile ukuba wonke umntwana umthanda ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Naye, akazange anikezele nayiphi favourites phakathi kwabo, nothando lwakhe abantwana wayinika wonke kunye ngamnye.

Ukufa yamfikela phambi wokuzalwa kunyaka-83 ubudala, isizathu sokuba loo nto ukugula kakhulu.

Kwixesha elizayo, Anton Pavlovich Chehov akukho kanye kukhankanywe ukuba italente ke ilifa uyise kunye nonina wathabatha eyona - komphefumlo wakhe.

Pavel Egorovich yaseChekhov. Abantwana. Unyana omdala ka-Alexander

Unyana omdala ka-Paul Zhukovsky Alexander wazalwa ngo-1855, waba ngumbhali. Waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kwisixeko saseTaganrog waza waphumelela imbasa yesilivere. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, Alexander waya eMoscow ukuya Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the University. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-27 uye bagqiba uqeqesho ngempumelelo.

Kwiminyaka bakhe umfundi wasebenza kunye namaphephandaba ezininzi neemagazini, wayiqhubela yemifuniselo yokuqala Anton Pavlovich.

Ngo-1881 waqalisa ukuba ahlalisane AI-Sokolnikova Khrushchev. Wayengenako ukutshata naye kuba Tula consistory ngokomoya akaninikanga imvume ukuba ahlukane nomyeni wakhe, ngaloo ndlela ngokumgweba oko eya ngonaphakade. Oku akuzange kumthintele abangabathandi ezimbini babe ziindlalifa (Anton kunye UNikolai).

iminyaka emine bakhonza baseTaganrog, eSt Petersburg Novorossiysk Customs. Oku kuye ushiye istampu kakubi emsebenzini wakhe, ngenxa yokuba phantse waluphosa. Ngowe-1886, Anton Alexander wanceda ukufumana indawo kwiphephandaba.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yena wafelwa ngumfazi wakhe, yaye ngowe-1889 wayetshate N. A. Golden, nto leyo umphathi abantwana bakhe. Wamnika unyana wesithathu - Michael.

Nicholas

UNikolai Pavlovich yaseChekhov wazalwa ngo-1858, waba igcisa emangalisayo. Waphumelela kwisikolo 5 igrama baseTaganrog. Emva koko ndaphumelela School yokudweba, anganithi Architecture eMoscow.

Ngoxa umfundi waqala i draftsman ingqesho kunye woopopayi kwiijenali wafunda mzekeliso imisebenzi Anton yaseChekhov.

Umfazi wakhe eqhelekileyo-mthetho yaba AA-Ipatief of Golden. Nangona ukuthamba wayo, wayesela lukhulu. Ukusetyenziswa yakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe kwiminyaka kunokuba yokuqala.

Anton

Anton Pavlovich Chehov wazalwa ngo-1860. Yena waba umbhali odumileyo wemidlalo.

Imfundo kwi lomthambo ayizange imthintele ukunceda uPawulos Egorovichu kwivenkile yokutya. wagqiba baphumelela kwinqanaba lokuqala lemfundo, owaba umfundi yecandelo yezonyango University eMoscow.

incwadi yakhe yokuqala magazini "ledragonfly" sele ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala amabini. Kwaye akazange ayeke yaye waqhubeka ukuba kupapashwe kwiintlelo ezahlukeneyo ngoko ngaphantsi awethu ezahlukeneyo.

Emva kokuba egqibe eyunivesithi, uyihlawulele kwisikhundla sokuba ngugqirha wesithili, ngaphandle kokushiya umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi.

Njengokuba wabahlangulayo umdlalo wakhe wokuqala "Malume Vanya 'kweminyaka eli-27. Ngowe-1890, Sakhalin inxaxheba zohlelo kunye nenkcazelo imbali kunye nobomi amabanjwa, ethi "Sakhalin Island" yakhululwa emva koko.

Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu Anton Pavlovich Chehov yaziwa kwaye ehlonelwa umbhali, abafundi wayewuthanda umsebenzi wakhe.

Kuphela 41 watshata, ukukhetha kwakhe Olga Knipper. Olga inzalelwane Glazov, uyise wakhe engineer. Yena wenza iindima eziphambili yimveliso yaseChekhov. Badibana ngo-1898 xa imidlalo yokuziqhelisa of "I Inqina", "uKumkani Fyodor Ivanovich."

YaseChekhov yayiluthando kwi emehlweni yokuqala yahlaselwa ilizwi lakhe, ukuhlonipheka, ukunyaniseka. Olga ngokwakhe uthi ukususela mzuzu waqalisa nsinya ngeqhina entsonkothileyo yobomi bakhe. Ngelishwa, umtshato zange ihlale ixesha elide.

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-44, isifo sephepha yamsa ekufeni. Umbhali akrwiqilizwe, njengoyise, uPawulos Egorovich yaseChekhov emangcwabeni Novodevichy.

Ivan

Ivan Pavlovich wazalwa ngo-1861 yaye basebenza yonke notitshala ubomi bakhe. Xa intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eMoscow, wahlala kwidolophu yakowabo kunye neencwadi ubanxibe. Xa kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, uye wafundisa Voskresensk. Emva kokusebenza apho kangangeminyaka emihlanu, waya eMoscow, apho wayephila inani lezikolo zikarhulumente nazo wafundisa.

Bonke ubomi bakhe wayezisola ukuba angabi nako ukuziphindezela imfundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, yaye wenza self-ukuphucuka. Ngokungafaniyo Nicholas, ubuntu bakhe, ngokuba lukhuni ezahlukeneyo imperiousness.

Ngowe-1893, e-Melikhovo waba emtshatweni wakhe S. V. Andreevoy.

Maria

Maria Pavlovna wazalwa ngo-1863, uya kwaziwa njengomzobi kunye notitshala. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-alithoba ukuya kufunda ekuqaleni lwesikolo amantombazana saseTaganrog '.
Emva kokuba sifudukele eMoscow, yagqitywa ngempumelelo Filaretovskiy college abafazi Diocesan ngayo. Okulandelayo iziqu female izifundo abaphezulu kwimbali nenkcubeko Guerrier. iminyaka ukuya 41 wasebenza njengomfundisi yembali kunye nokwakheka kwaso esikolweni wamantombazana '.

Ngelo xesha abazibandakanya ukupeyinta, kunye wafunda kwi-School Stroganov. UMariya waqeqesha ngempumelelo ku studio ka AA Hotyaintsevoy. Ukufa Antona Pavlovicha chehova eyabangela ukuba ukupapasha imisebenzi yoncwadi ngomntakwabo, uye wadala indlu-museum yombhali, apho awayengumphathi. Unobangela lokufa kwakhe yaba ndamelwa yintliziyo.

michael

UMikhail Pavlovich wazalwa ngo-1868, kwakunye umzalwana, yena useleganelwe ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. EMoscow ephumelele ngempumelelo ukusuka Faculty of Law eYunivesithi.

Usebenze umhloli werhafu ohlawula, emva koko waya isebe Yaroslavl Exchequer.
Ubuchule umzalwana wakhe kwamenza ukuba azibandakanye kuluncwadi, waza waqalisa ukusebenza kwiimagazini abantwana. Kodwa akazange yapapashwa phantsi igama lakhe, waza wakhetha mbumbulu "M. Bohemian ".

Ubuchule waba element wakhe; ke, akusondela kakuhle, ngokulula ukudlala ipiyano, wayexakeke ebhaliweyo zamabali (amabali, imihobe, iinguqulelo). Kamva, yaseChekhov wabhala encyclopedia - incwadi "On yaseChekhov".

UYise - egor Mihaylovich Chehov

Uyise chehova P. E. ubomi yonke yaba serf Chertkovs. Wazakhela ukuziphilisa kwezolimo olimekayo, waza waqalisa ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso iswekile Chertkovs. Emva koko, kwabakho isigxina kunobhala wenkundla.

Umfazi wakhe E. E. Shimko, ngubani wamnika ziindlalifa ezine (Michael uPawulos, Mitrofan, Alexander). Yegor Mikhailovich aqeqeshwa kakuhle lokufunda nokubhala kunye nokhathalelo kakuhle abantwana babo. Waye kakhulu nzima-ukusebenza, igorha-lokuphila kunye noqoqosho. Ngenxa yezi mpawu wakwazi ukuthenga intsapho yakhe ibe umlimi free.

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, Yegor Mikhailovich ndaqalisa ukuthengisa amahashe, waba umFilisti, bathenga indlu encinane nentsapho yakhe kwisixeko saseTaganrog. Nangona kunjalo, esi sixeko akazange eze ethandwa nguye, yaye bonke ubomi bakhe wachitha elalini.