Umnquma - umthombo weoli exabisekileyo

Kwiminyaka emininzi, umthi womnquma, odla ngokuba ngumnquma, ungumthombo wesithelo esibalulekileyo kwizigidi zabantu. Ngaphandle kwayo, ubomi beMeditera kunye namazwe amaninzi aseAfrika akwanakwenzeka . Iziqhamo zeso sityalo zisetyenziselwa ukutya kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukufumana ioli exabisekileyo.

Namhlanje, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi bamazwe ahlukeneyo, iindidi ezinokumelana nesomiso, izityalo eziphakamileyo ezikhulayo kunye neqabunga ziye zaphuhliswa, ezivumela ukuba zikhule kwiindawo ezinokubhakabhaka okulinganayo (ukuya kwi-18 ° C). Umnquma ungasifumana nakwiindawo zokutshala eziluhlaza kwiindawo ezininzi zase-Russia ezisemzantsi, eTurkmenistan, eGeorgia, eUkraine (eCrimea). Le mihlathi, imifula enamaqabunga esiqhekeza esiliva ihlala iminyaka emininzi iminyaka.

Esi sityalo sithunyelwa kwintsapho yemiNquma. Kwimihlathi engama-60 echazwe ngabantu, umnqumo omnye kuphela waseYurophu unenani lexabiso loqoqosho . Zonke iintlobo zezi ntlobo zihlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezinjalo: i-canteens, i-oilseeds, ukusetyenziswa kabini. ImiNquma ikhula kakuhle kwihlabathi lokubala kunye nenhlabathi. Inkqubo yabo yenkomfa yomeleleyo yomelele kangangokuthi iyakhula nakwii-rock. Ukusuka kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "intamo" (ukuqina kwenkqubo nengcambu), amahlumela amancinci akhula minyaka yonke, ekufuneka isuswe, kuba umthi unokugqitywa ube ngumthi omkhulu. Umngcongolo omncinci omncinci unobumba obumhlophe, kwaye kumdala usemnyama kwaye unzima kakhulu. Amaqabunga akwa-Evergreen athatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye abatsha baqala ukudala ngexesha lokusukela entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla. Ngenxa yezenzo zabo zokulwa ne-antimicrobial, amagqabi asetyenziswa njenge-antiplatelet kunye ne-anti-inflammatory agent. Ukuchithwa kwamagqabantshintshi kuvumela ukunyanga kwegazi.

Iintyatyambo ezincinane zomnquma zithandana, ziqhumisa, zimhlophe ngekhilimu elula, ziqokelelwe kwi-inflorescences. Umnquma uthuthuka ngo-Aprili-Juni (kuxhomekeke kwintlobo yezityalo, imeko zemozulu kunye nendawo yokukhula). Izithelo, ezibizwa ngokuba "iminquma" okanye "iminqumo", xa ivuthiwe, inobumba obomvu, umbala omnyama. Ubume kunye nobukhulu, zifana ne-ternoslivu okanye iiplums ezincinci. Iintyatyambo zinomsila onamafutha kunye nelitye elinzima. Ubunzima bawo kwiintlobo ezinkulu ezifihliweyo zifikelela kwi-15 g. Ukususela kwimithi emdala, ukuya kwi-30-35 kg yeziqhamo zivunwa. Zivuthwe ngo-Oktobha-Disemba.

Ngaphandle kwexabiso elikhulu leoli, umxholo walo kwisiqhamo ufikelela kuma-50-75% (kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo), i-pulp yazo iqukethe ishukela, iiprotheni, iivithamini C, B kunye nezinye izondlo. Iintlobo zenziwa kwiifom ezomileyo kunye namagqabi, kuba kwiminquma eluhlaza kunezinto ezibenza ukuba banambitheke. Ioli yeolive, edla ngokuba yiProvencal, iphucule ngakumbi kwaye ikhawuleze iminywe ngumzimba, inokuphulukisa iimpahla.

Umnquma, umgangatho ongenakunzima kakhulu, uxhomekeke ekuhleni kancinci kwabantu ngexesha lokuvuna. Xa uninzi lweziqhamo ziba yi-violet, ziqala ukukhonkqiswa kwisicatshulwa esijikelezayo esifana nesifoloko, okanye ngoncedo lwe-"rakes" encinci, ukwenza "ukudibanisa" ukunyuka kwamasebe omthi. Iziqhamo ziwela ecikizekileyo eluhlaza phantsi komnquma, emva koko zihlanjululwe kwaye zithunyelwe ukuba zenziwe. Emva kokuvuna, i-pruning eqinile yesithsaba yenziwa.

Kungekudala, kuye kwanyusa ukuvelisa izityalo ezahlukileyo kwiindawo. Izindlu zomnquma zinyuka zivela kwitheyibhile, ngelixa zifumana iziqhamo ezihlwaya. Esi sityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko xa sikhula, umonde uyadingeka. Isityalo esifumene kwilitye okanye esinqunyiwe kufuneka sinyulwe ngokulinganayo, kodwa rhoqo. Ehlabathini, kuhlaziywa, kodwa ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kufuneka kudla ngokutya rhoqo kunye nezichumisi ezinzima. Umhlaba we-Liming ukwandisa isivuno.

UOlive ukhetha indawo ephumayo. Ebusika, unokudluliselwa kumagumbi apholileyo. Ukutshiza i-Spring fertilizer kubangela ukuphuhliswa kweentyatyambo zeentyatyambo. Umnquma uqala ukuvelisa iminyaka engama-10-12. Iintyatyambo eziqhamo ziyavotelwa yizinambuzane okanye umoya, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukugubungela amasebe imihla ngemihla. Ukuvota okunjalo kuvumela ukwandisa isivuno kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wezityalo. Ekhaya, umthi unokunikela kwi-2 kg yeoliva.