Inkqubo yezimali US

Omnye wemisebenzi umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngokwezoqoqosho ukuxhasa uzinzo kwezemali eli lizwe. Phambi ingxaki ka-2009 lo msebenzi eUnited States ukuze aphumeze kweliso mali ezizodwa, ukuba impembelelo yabo karhulumente ngamnye. Consolidated, indlela ebanzi kulo mba yaba isihloko engundoqo yesicwangciso-mali yotshintsho Obama, ngubani wakhululwa ngehlobo lowe-2009. EYilwayo amaxabiso yemali, uphuhliso okuqhubekayo iinguqu sele ziphuhlisiwe ngo-2010.

Le nkqubo yezemali eUnited States uthathwa ukuba ngembonakalo echanekileyo kwenkqubo kunye namandla karhulumente. Njengoko kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, nto ibandakanya mali ka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye namaqumrhu ukubonisa ulawulo lwengeniso kunye nenkcitho yinxalenye yalo.

I-US Inkqubo zemali kufuneka enze imisebenzi engundoqo emithathu standard:

Kuba onoxanduva kuqala kulawulo loluntu, iinkundla okanye umkhosi.

Umsebenzi elilandelayo nokunikezelwa kwengeniso phakathi amacandelo athile zabemi kunye nemimandla, kunye sibalulekile ukuze oku kanye inkqubo zemali US. Olu phawu kubonakala kakuhle ekuboneleleni nemozulu kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho bekhululekile kweli lizwe.

Okokugqibela, umsebenzi wesithathu yaphuhliswa 30 zenkulungwane yama-20, emva kokuba yintlekele yokudodobala koqoqosho. Injongo yalo esentloko kukuba ukusebenzisa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali njengesixhobo ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho karhulumente kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso kwicandelo loshishino. Inkqubo yemali namhlanje US lubonise ukuba iimeko koqoqosho eyiyo urhulumente kufuneka badlale indima neqabane ethembekileyo zendalo, hayi amandla elichasayo kwicandelo loshishino.

Inkqubo mali ka eUnited States iimpawu zayo qualitative. Ngoko, kuba waphawula lo mgaqo "federalism mali". Ngamanye amazwi, kukho intsebenziswano eyiyo zeenkqubo amathathu karhulumente - ingeniso, inkcitho kunye nonxulumano phakathi mali.

Inkqubo kwingeniso karhulumente siqulathe iseti lungeniselo irhafu non-irhafu, apho asebenza kweli lizwe kwaye ziya kuba nako ukuqinisekisa kwinkcitho karhulumente, kwakunye apha kufuneka ibandakanye ngeendlela ukuqokelelwa kwengeniso kunye nokuhlawula lungeniselo mali emthethweni. inkqubo State of iindleko iquka ukulungiselela ibhajethi uyilo kunye intuthuko elandelayo kwisebe yesigqeba, ngoko amazwi (isigqibo) e Congress kunye ulawulo imbopheleleko phezu kubulawa yayo.

Umgaqo-obukhankanywe apha ngasentla "federalism karhulumente" unika kwinqanaba ngalinye likarhulumente imithombo yabo yengeniso, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kukho ithuba kwinqanaba eliphezulu kulwabiwo-mali xa kukho imfuneko.

US inkqubo mali kuhlangene ukuba umgaqo-mali. Oku kuboniswa kuyilo nokuthatyathwa kwezigqibo malunga ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nothungelwano imbopheleleko ne-nkqubo mali karhulumente. And vice versa - yonke imisebenzi mali yelizwe ziyaphuhliswa kwaye ziyaphunyezwa ziingcali kwicala imo esiliqili ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho.

US inkqubo yemali yinxalenye yenkqubo mali karhulumente kwaye uphawu ngokomgaqo wayo elunxwemeni engundoqo of America kunye yoMphathiswa wezeMali.

Xa 70s zenkulungwane yama-20, lo ngumsebenzi ophambili Federal Reserve nkqubo ukuxhasa ukunyuka kwizinga elisezantsi, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo ejikeleza wemali kweli lizwe kunye nokomeleza ye-dollar njenge lwemali yolondolozo.

Ukususela ngowe-1981, urhulumente waqalisa ukuqhuba ulawulo olungqongqo ejikeleza eyiyo ezinqanda ubonelelo ngemali irhafu kunye nenzala kuvuka. Ngokusebenzisa le misebenzi Siyifezile ukuhla izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kunye nokomelezwa yokwanda dollar kwi ixabiso layo xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe.